Faculty seminar on publishing in the academy

A seminar, Publishing in the Academy, offered to all full-time faculty of the City University of New York (CUNY), through a program jointly sponsored by the Professional Staff Congress and CUNY, is described by two participants of the course. The authors share their experience, describe the process involved in publishing an article in a scholarly journal, and provide recommendations for setting up a writing group.Judith Entes received her Ph.D. in 1989 from Fordham University, specialization in Reading. She is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Academic Skills at Baruch College, CUNY. Her present research is examining co-authored published research. Rafat Ispahany received her M.A. in 1987 from City College, CUNY. She is an Associate Professor and Head of the Cataloging Division at the Borough of Manhattan Community College, CUNY. She is interested in book conservation for community college libraries.     

Costs of attendance and the educational programs of first-time community college students

I use data from the State University of New York to examine whether changes in community college attendance costs yield different impacts on first-time enrollment in different community college programs. Evidence is strong that academic-program enrollment significantly and substantially decreases when 2-year tuition increases, but weaker that it increases when 4-year tuition increases. Occupational-program enrollment is less responsive to 2- and 4-year tuition changes, but more responsive to labor market conditions. These different responses translate into significant changes in the program composition of entering community college cohorts when the costs of attendance change.     

Do in-state tuition benefits affect the enrollment of non-citizens? Evidence from universities in Texas

In 2001, the Texas state legislature passed House Bill 1403. With the passage of the law, Texas became the first state to offer in-state tuition rates at public universities for non-citizens (including illegal immigrants) who attended high school in the state for three years. As a result of the policy change, the cost of attending college at public universities in Texas fell dramatically for non-citizens. Using administrative data from five universities in Texas, we employ a quasi-experimental design to identify the effects of the policy change on the probability of enrollment at each of the universities. The results demonstrate a large and significant positive effect of lowering tuition on the enrollment of non-citizens at the University of Texas at Pan American and the University of Texas at San Antonio.     

The effects of tuition fees on transition from high school to university in Germany

This paper studies whether the introduction of tuition fees at public universities in some German states had a negative effect on enrollment, i.e., on the transition of high school graduates to public universities in Germany. In contrast to recent studies, we do not find a significant effect on aggregate enrollment rates. Our study differs from previous studies in three important ways. First, we take full account of the fact that tuition fees were both introduced and abolished in the German states at different points in time. Second, we consider control variables, which are absent in previous studies but turn out to have a significant impact on the evolution of enrollment rates. Third, we allow for state-specific effects of tuition fees on enrollment rates. We conclude that there is no evidence for a general negative effect of the recent introduction of tuition fees on enrollment in Germany.     

Assessment of Disability Services Information Variability Among Websites of One University System

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to examine Internet-based disability services information within the City University of New York (CUNY). The evaluation included exploring the CUNY university system disability services websites for information availability, language and nomenclature presence, ease of access, range of services, types of assistive technologies, and other resources. The study revealed great variability of Internet-based disability services information among the CUNY system, especially between undergraduate and graduate schools. Some institutions provided a variety of in-depth disability services information, while several provided only very basic, minimalistic bits of information. Names regarding the disability services offices also varied significantly throughout CUNY.     

Assessing the Effects of Changing Institutional Aid Policy

Since 1994, enrollments of nonresident students have been declining at The University of Iowa. Since nonresident students pay over three times as much tuition as resident students, have historically comprised 35 to 40% of each fall's incoming class, and the enrollment declines are disproportionately among high-ability students, this trend is particularly troubling. In an attempt to reverse this decline, administrators decided to offer a new scholarship to selected nonresident students. This article demonstrates how the effects of this policy proposal were modeled in an attempt to provide decision makers with timely and useful information.     

SIMULATING THE ENROLLMENT EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN THE TUITION RECIPROCITY AGREEMENT BETWEEN MINNESOTA AND WISCONSIN

Minnesota and Wisconsin have had a tuitionreciprocity agreement for about 30 years. In recentrenegotiation discussions, a tuition surcharge wasproposed for Wisconsin students attending the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities campus. Questions wereraised about how the surcharge would affect the TwinCities' campus freshman enrollments. This paperdemonstrates how the proposed changes in the tuition reciprocity agreement were simulated in orderto inform the bilateral negotiations. The results ofthese simulations provided policymakers with a betterunderstanding of the enrollment and revenue effects of changes in the tuition reciprocity agreementand demonstrated that the proposed surcharge would notadversely affect freshman enrollments.     

The effects of tuition reforms on school enrollment in rural China

We estimate the effects of three sequential reforms undertaken between 2000 and 2006 on school enrollment for poor, rural families in China. Using difference-in-difference approaches and sample children from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2000, 2004, and 2006 waves, we find that tuition control has had a minimal effect on primary and junior high school enrollment. Furthermore, a policy that includes tuition waivers, free textbooks, and living expense subsidies starting from 2003 had a significantly positive effect on school enrollment of rural girls, but not rural boys. This gender differential effect results from the improvement in the enrollment of girls who live in poor households. Finally, the provision for tuition waive for all rural children since 2006, although having no statistically significant effect on the overall enrollment, indeed improved the enrollment of children who were less likely to have enjoyed two-waiver-one-subsidy.     

The demand for higher education facing an individual institution

The purpose of this paper is to provide an estimate of the elasticity and cros-selasticities of demand for higher education facing an individual institution. The utility which a high school graduate derives from each educational option open to him is assumed to be a stochastic function of the attributes of that option. For certain types of utility functions the maximization of utility results in the logit probability model. This model is used to analyze the choices made by a sample of high school graduates in Hawaii. Estimates of the price elasticity and the cross-price elasticities of demand for enrollment at the University of Hawaii are obtained. It is found that the demand is quite inelastic with respect to both tuition and total cost of education. These estimates imply that changes in tuition will not affect enrollment appreciably.The authors wish to express their appreciation to Arthur S. Goldberger, H. Laurence Miller, and Pan A. Yotopoulos for their comments on earlier drafts of the paper.     

Role Communication Skills Training for Counselor Graduate Assistants

The City University of New York (CUNY) has offered counseling for educationally and economically disadvantaged students at its 10 senior colleges since 1968 through the Search for Education, Elevation, and Knowledge (SEEK) Program. Recently, however, funding for SEEK counseling was reduced, resulting in a dramatic increase in the counselor-client ratio. The University's solution to the increased ratio was to provide the SEEK Programs throughout CUNY with graduate assistants (GAs). The challenge then was to develop methods of training graduate assistants and using the assistants in ways that best served SEEK students.     

The effects of tuition and financial aid on the enrollment decision at a state university

Students admitted to more than one institution of higher education face one of the most difficult decisions of their lives. The determinants of these enrollment decisions are crucially important to the yield of qualified students from the number admitted to colleges and universities. This paper specifies an empirical model of the enrollment decision for students admitted both to Rutgers University and to at least one alternate college. Our estimates of the parameters of the model with a binary choice multiple regression equation show that students base their enrollment decision on the relative quality of the schools, their own abilities and family resources, and the net costs of the schools. The results are relevant to university tuition and financial aid policies. The general methodology is replicable by other institutions seeking information on the determinants of the enrollment decision.     

Do tuition fees affect enrollment behavior? Evidence from a ‘natural experiment’ in Germany

This paper uses the introduction of tuition fees in seven of the sixteen German states in 2007 as a natural experiment to identify the effects of tuition prices on enrollment probabilities. Based on information on enrollment decisions of the entire population of high-school graduates between 2002 and 2008, I find a negative effect of tuition fees on enrollment behavior. The effect is larger than in existing studies for European countries, but of a similar magnitude as effects identified with U.S. data. A potential spill-over effect of the policy intervention to the comparison group is accounted for by using the estimation results to calibrate a structural model of the enrollment decision.     

Student response to tuition increase by academic majors: empirical grounds for a cost-related tuition policy

This study explored the responses of students in different academic majors to tuition increase, with a particular focus on the relationship between tuition increase, and future earnings and college expenditures. We analyzed effects of tuition increase on enrollment in six academic majors—Engineering, Physics, Biology, Mathematics, Business, and Education—where disciplinary enrollment data were available. The main findings are that students are elastic to tuition level in Physics, Biology, and Business, but not in Engineering, where the rate of return is the highest among the six majors and the college expenditure are the highest. The findings suggest that student enrollment in various academic majors is affected differentially by tuition. Further, the findings support a cost-related tuition policy, one designed to charge students higher tuition for higher-cost majors and lower tuition for lower-cost majors.

20世纪末以来韩国私立大学的重组改革

韩国高等教育规模的持续扩张引发了教育质量的下降,尤其是近年来随着适龄入学人口的下降,使主要经费来源依赖于学生学费的私立大学开始面临财政危机,它们不得不通过合并与兼并等重组的方式以增强生存能力.政府也通过立法或制定政策促使大学,尤其是私立大学进行重组改革,以提高其竞争优势.     

TUITION AND THE OPEN‐DOOR: A RELATIVE PERSPECTIVE

This research was initiated to explore the effects of changing tuition rates on the open‐door policy of U.S. community junior colleges. Tuition trends in the two‐year colleges of 50 states were assessed using data gathered from the 1975 and 1980 editions of the AACJC Directory, 1980 Fact Book for Academic Administrators, and recently published journal articles. The relationship between tuition rates and enrollment levels in each state were analyzed. The analyses point to a trend of continuous increase in tuition rates for U.S. public two‐year colleges since 1951. Even though the percentage of increase in tuition for recent years has been higher for two‐year colleges than for four‐year colleges, there remains a substantial difference between the average annual tuition of the two types of institutions. There appears to be a negative correlation between tuition and enrollment at two‐year colleges for 1974‐1975 (—.27) and for 1979‐1980 (—.21). Based on these findings, it would appear that further increases in tuition might serve to close college doors for those not able to afford the rising costs of education. Suggestions are offered for internal and external actions to help maintain open access despite rising tuition costs.     

量化分析免学费政策对中职涉农专业招生的促进作用

利用详实的统计数据,量化分析发现:免费学费政策对中职涉农专业招生产生了巨大影响,即农林类专业招生人数持续增长且幅度较大,占招生总人数的比例也持续增长,但各省区分布不均。针对此,各级教育行政部门应通过扩大免费政策覆盖面,制订中职各专业招生人数标准等措施指导并帮助中职学校努力实现国家资助政策的目标。     

The New Norm: Community Colleges to Deal with Recessionary Fallout

Since the beginning of the Great Recession, many community colleges have experienced significant declines in state revenue, increases in enrollment, higher tuition, and flat or declining state student aid. These conditions have also occurred in an environment of heightened accountability with pressure to advance a student success agenda and to meet workforce training needs. Findings from the annual survey of state community college directors conducted by the Education Policy Center at the University of Alabama, in partnership with Iowa State University and The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, show that the majority of state directors feel states are moving toward a privatized model of higher education and that structural deficits exist in state budgets disadvantaging community colleges. The concern is that these and other related findings demonstrate a situation that may not improve as the nation climbs out of recession; this situation is creating a new norm in community college funding.     

论受资助大学生健全人格的塑造

我国高校近年来招生规模的不断扩大及学费的日益上涨,在一定程度上造成了高校中家庭经济困难的学生人数也呈逐年上升之势。面对这一严峻现实,国家、社会、学校纷纷展开帮贫助困工作。在对经济困难学生进行物质资助的同时,亦注意到了对其心灵进行关怀,可以说在这两方面取得了一定的效果。但从现实的情况来看,对此给予的关注程度仍需进一步加强。 本文从人格这一角度着手,通过对中山大学受资助大学生的人格特质进行实证调查,得出受资助大学生总体的人格状况。并以此为依据,从心理学与教育学的视角提出塑造受资助大学生健全人格的对策建议。     

中国大陆高校学费对不同社会阶层子女的影响——实证调查与分析

通过对中国大陆10个省、市、区高校在校生的抽样调查,分析了学费对不同社会阶层子女的影响。以社会优势地位阶层和基础阶层子女为例,探讨了社会阶层与学费的关系、大学生对高等教育学费的态度、收费政策与不同社会阶层子女的高等教育机会、学费因素对不同阶层子女择校的影响4个问题,得出了学费对社会基础阶层子女有重要影响等结论。     

Changes in the Demand for Public Land-Grant Universities: The Use of Panel Datasets

This study illustrates how to conduct a panel data study of the initial student interest or demand for specific sets of colleges and universities. There are 3 major distinguishing features of this study. First, time-series data for the 6 states are combined into a panel dataset, and fixed-effects and random-effects models are used to estimate how selected factors affect the demand for public, land-grant universities (PLGUs) in the region. Second, rather than focusing on enrollment behavior, this study utilizes data on the proportion of seniors in each state who have taken the SAT and had their test scores sent to particular PLGUs within the region as a measure of demand. This formulation also has the benefit of avoiding the supply constraint problem that could possibly affect enrollment figures. Finally, student demand models are estimated for their own in-state PLGU, and for one particular institution (the University of New Hampshire) among non-New Hampshire seniors in the region who have taken the SAT. The results show that most of the decline in student interest in attending PGLUs in the region during the 1990s is attributed to the rising educational aspirations of college-bound seniors, falling (real) family incomes, and falling private-to-public tuition rates.