司徒雷登魂归杭州

2008年11月17日,在司徒雷登离世将近半个世纪之后,他的骨灰终于回归,静静地安放在杭州安贤陵园内,墓碑上镌刻着：司徒雷登。1876—1962,燕京大学首任校长。     

薪火相传 飞彩凝辉——记“为艺术战—浙江美术馆藏品展”

浙江人文荟萃,艺术创作尤其繁荣,自南宋以来即为中国书画重镇。"南宋四家"(李唐、刘松年、马远、夏圭)、赵孟頫、黄公望、徐渭、陈洪绶、任伯年、吴昌硕等都是在中国美术史上无论如何也绕不开的大师级人物。1927年11月,蔡元培选址杭州西子湖畔,于次年建立了中国第一所综合性国立高等艺术学府——国立艺术院(中国美术学院前身)。从此,20世纪的浙江美术发展历程就与这所高等学府相辅相成,可以说是"同呼吸,共命运"。浙江为中国美院的发展提供了良好的传统艺术积淀和氛围,以及众多的优秀师资、生源,而中国美院     

双梅竞艳话黄龙

杭州西湖北山有个黄龙洞,历史上是南宋护国寺的道场。当年这里的住持和尚、一代高僧无门慧开曾在此向其东瀛弟子传授佛法和“尺八”演奏技艺,是中日佛教和音乐交流的圣地。那时的黄龙洞曾经是梵呗绕梁、清音袅袅。岁月荏苒,这方洞府灵山注定与艺术结缘。新中国成立后,这里又成了我省最高艺术学府浙江职业艺术学院的前身——浙江省艺术学校的所在地。     

禅意墨韵,为乐者荷——叶向礼禅荷系列作品赏析

正前人记曰:"杭州地脉,发自天目,群山北翥,驻于钱塘。江湖夹挹之间,山停水聚,元气融结。"杭州从来就为文人雅士所向往——坐拥西湖,看日出夕落,然而其中最得湖上荷韵者,恐怕唯有望湖斋主叶向礼先生一人。叶先生原名建明,改向礼,字至善,号玄极、莫干山樵、望湖斋主,浙江德清人。他自言,小时候在莫干山上放羊、挖     

一对杭州母女的扇艺人生

正见到赵平加的时候,她刚从美国回杭州。"韵味杭州——中国杭州非物质文化遗产保护项目巡展"在美国南部休斯敦亚洲协会中心精彩开展,赵平加作为一位非遗传人又一次走出国门,展示杭州的深厚历史底蕴与传统文化的魅力。一位艺术家的作品和人生总是很难割裂开。正如赵平加店铺牌匾上所雕刻的"平加扇艺"四字所言,她和扇子的缘分始于那掩盖不住的绘画天赋,从与扇子对话,到把这门手艺通过血脉延续,赵平加和她的女儿绝不只满足于守着那间店铺,作为非遗传人,创新和发扬是其对所从事的行业的坚定承诺。     

此心安处是吾乡——奥地利小伙多米尼克的杭州故事

正认识多米尼克,是在杭州电视台经济频道一档节目《杨莅分享会》上。这位29岁的奥地利青年,用不太纯正的普通话与现场观众交流,分享的题目是他以前制作的短视频——《谢谢杭州》。"对于我来说,毕业之后选择杭州,是在正确的时间来到了正确的地方。"在多米尼克的眼里,他踏足过的中国大都市,大都千城一面,惟独山水杭州有繁华而闹腾的一面,也有温润而安逸的一面。     

浙江和静冈，一对温暖的老友——专访日本静冈县友好人士前田和人先生

正从静冈直飞杭州,全程只有3个小时左右的时间,前田和人却认认真真地在笔记上写了满满5页纸。这是他为参加浙江省首届国际友城媒体合作传播论坛作的准备。作为日本静冈县广听广报课班长,这是他第二次来中国杭州。去年第一次来,也是在桂花飘香的时节。前田和人笑称第一次来杭州时有些紧张。但那次访问结识了不少朋友,此后也一直保持联系,所以再次到访心里感     

楼外楼与饮食文化

西湖歌舞无时休 八百年前,有一位叫林升的杭州人写了这样一首诗:“山外青山楼外楼,西湖歌舞几时休?暖风熏得游人醉,直把杭州作汴州。”这林升是一个普通文人。史籍上查不到他的生平记载。然而,就是因了这四句诗,使得人们今天还常常提起他。这一是因为他的这首诗确实写得好,区区二十八个字,昭示了历代王朝短命的真谛;二是因为有人撷取了他诗     

来杭当儿科医生,服务杭州公共健康事业三十年 英国教授何丽莎:守护杭州“单家四小凤”

正1986年的杭州,在何丽莎(Therese Hesketh)的眼里是"新"的。那时候中国开启改革开放还不到10年,杭州每一天都在创造新的历史。那一年,也是英国人何丽莎第一次踏上中国这片土地。在这过去的32年里,她是医生,是老师,是专家,是学者,多重的身份始终没有掩盖她的初衷——去帮助更多的人,去成为更好的自己。     

编剧刘恒素描

6月8日,浙江省杭州市隆重举行杭州文艺顾问恳谈会,邀请了刘恒、唐国强、仲呈祥、余华、麦家等一批文艺顾问出席会议,请他们对杭州市文化事业的进一步发展献计献策,共同描绘杭州文化下一个色彩斑斓的十年。刘恒是2008年6月24日被聘为杭州市文艺顾问和杭州市民大学荣誉教授的,杭州市有关部门在西溪创意因为他提供了创作场所,因此他也算得上是半个杭州人。     

Urban regeneration in the context of post-Soviet transformation: Lithuanian experience

Our research concentrates on the countries, which had emerged after the collapse of the Soviet bloc, and the possible distinctive influence of the social and institutional environment of these countries on the process and outcomes of city center regeneration. The theoretical section includes the definition of the main concepts used in our research. First of all the countries undergoing the post-Soviet transformation were defined and then the concept of “urban regeneration” was explained. Here we also distinguished the main features of societies and institutional environment of the post-Soviet countries including the collision of different sets of values and lack of conscious value orientations and value systems, lack of individual initiative and personal responsibility, low level of participation in public domain, tendency towards non-transparent decision making, culture of complaint, climate of mistrust, increasing uncertainty and pessimism. In the section of results we had elaborated and discussed the hypothesis that these features affect the image and treatment of the historic built environment and especially of historic urban centers. Further we distinguish three dimensions – features of urban space, governance structures, and social milieu – and, based on literature and Lithuanian experience, distinguish what features of these dimensions and how make it easier or inhibit the urban regeneration. In the concluding sections we outline the basic findings and further research proposals and present the summary matrix of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of urban regeneration in the context of post-Soviet transformation. The matrix could be useful both for the future research and for the decision making in practice of city center regeneration. From the preset outcomes of our research, we conclude that social and institutional context is crucial in the city center regeneration and in heritage preservation in general and the ideas and principles widespread in Western Europe and the United States cannot be directly and straightforwardly imported into the context of post-Soviet transformation.     

Non-destructive monitoring methods as indicators of damage cause on Cathedral of St. Lawrence in Trogir,Croatia

Durability is one of the most important engineering properties of cultural heritage monuments. For the purpose of the preservation of structures for future generations, the causes of damage should be determined for the proper choice of type and location of strengthening. The condition of the foundation is difficult to determine without an extensive investigation which is critical because most often the cause of damage is found in such foundations. Geotechnical investigation techniques require the damage and destruction of a building's surroundings or the damage of a foundation with a boring device. Non-destructive methods, such as geophysical methods, are less reliable and the results of such investigations must be combined with the results of subsurface exploration. This paper is a presentation of results achieved through the monitoring of the activity of a number of joints on the Cathedral of St. Lawrence in Trogir, Croatia, which is a cultural heritage monument protected by UNESCO. Excavations for the purpose of flagging replacement in the zone around the east frontage were made in 1979. A probe beneath the main apse uncovered a water cistern where the connection between the mid and north apses is located, and instead of a staggered foundation, a wall with a depth of more than 2.2 m beneath the flagging was discovered. With respect to the given that churches were built on existing ones, it is possible to assume that this is a wall of the late-antiquity church described by Constantin Porfirogenet in the 10th century, built on and later adapted to the foundation for the new structure. The displacement in time of the construction elements of the cathedral were measured and recorded using non-destructive methods. Fissure displacement behaviour, air temperature and air humidity were monitored. The monitoring of the air humidity did not lead to any useful conclusion, so it was quickly dismissed. Observations of data were performed during two periods with an interruption between the two caused by insufficient monetary resources. Data from almost 8 years of continuous measuring are available. The aim of this paper is to present the data of the measured fissure displacements which were correlated with air temperature changes and mathematical models which were based on statistical analysis. Correlation coefficients show that the analysed fissures react to the air temperature changes with different intensities. The obtained data lead to the conclusion that the causes of the structural damage are not found within a displacement or failure of the foundations. Instead, the causes of the damage were found in other parts of the structure.     

国际城市文化空间研究现状及思考

国际学术界对城市文化空间的研究自21世纪初才逐渐被学界所重视,相关研究成果较少.近年来,随着不同学科、不同视角的融入,城市文化空间的理论与实践研究内容日趋丰富.为探究国际城市文化空间的文献特征、趋势与研究热点,以1997—2020年"Web of Science核心合集"中4844篇与城市文化空间研究高度相关的论文为基...     

Historical coastal urban landscapes digital documentation and temporal study with 2D/3D modeling functionality: The case of Thessaloniki,Greece

The study refers to the visual representation of the coastal front of the historical center of Thessaloniki in northern Greece and its changes that have occurred through the years. Most of the old town was destroyed by fire on August 18, 1917. A few years later, the French architect and archeologist Ernest Hébrard proposed the reconstruction of the city centre, but his plans were never fully implemented. Since then, a series of interventions changed the form of the old town and consequently the coastal cityscape. The research was initially based on the photogrammetric processing of archive aerial images (1938) of Thessaloniki's city centre. Besides the vertical images, high oblique aerial images dated back to 1932, proved to be a significant source of information. A rich archive of old photographic material, sketches, drawings and gravures of the coastal forehead of the city was also used. Ortho-images of the coastal front, derived from laser scanning (2010), and a 3D model of the historical city center, derived from the stereo photogrammetric process of aerial images (1990), contributed decisively at the multi temporal study of the city front. The main outcomes of the present documentation study are the 3D representation (at scale of 1:200, accuracy 5 cm) of temporal changes of a part of the coastal front of the historical center of Thessaloniki and the 2D representation (at scale 1:100, accuracy 1–2 cm) of these changes with respect to variations on skyline, lacunas, interventions in old buildings, etc.     

Competing Quality Conventions in the French Online Display Advertising Market

This paper builds upon an empirical study of suppliers of online advertising space in France in order to highlight the plurality of quality conventions that organize the activity of market intermediaries. We show that the market is organized around two different quality conventions, the ‘media’ convention and the ‘direct-response’ convention, each equipped with specific efficiency indicators, pricing methods and selling channels. Then we focus on the growing conflict of territory between the two conventions; we analyse the balance of power between the conventions and the arenas where they compete. We observe that the collective action of the defenders of the traditional world is not (yet) sufficient to contain the pervasiveness of the indicators and metrics from the world of direct-response.     

Willingness to Pay for Domestic Television Programming

The article describes the application of contingent valuation to estimate the value of the benefits that the Australian community derives from the mandatory transmission of Australian programs by television stations. This application of contingent valuation to estimate cultural benefits offers an insight on the potential for a wider application of the methodology to evaluate cultural policy instruments. The study found that a majority of Australians support regulation of the domestic content of television programs and considers the value of the related benefits to be commensurate with the cost of supplying domestic programming.     

Effectiveness of crystallization inhibitors in preventing salt damage in building materials

Salt crystallization in porous materials constitutes one of the most frequent causes of decay of buildings in a wide range of environments. Up to now no definitive solution exists to limit salt crystallization damage, unless of removing either the salt or the moisture. The possibility of making the process of salt crystallization less harmful by means of crystallization inhibitors has only recently been considered. Crystallization inhibitors are known to delay nucleation and to modify the growth rate of the crystals in bulk solution, but their possible application for the prevention of salt decay in porous material is still controversial.The present paper reports a series of systematic investigations performed on three different materials (a limestone, a sandstone and a brick) contaminated with two types of salt (sodium chloride and sodium sulphate) and two types of inhibitors (sodium-ferrocyanide and diethylenetriaminepentakis methylphosphonic acid). Drying experiments have been performed to study the effect of the inhibitors on the salt solution transport. Accelerated crystallization experiments have investigated the possible consequences of the application of the inhibitor on salt crystallization damage (quantified as material loss).Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) has been used to study how the presence of inhibitors affects the crystallization morphology of salt in the material.The results show that the effect of the inhibitor strongly depends on the type of substrate. NaFeC, when applied on NaCl contaminated limestone and brick was able to enhance the drying and to favour the appearance of efflorescences, whereas the effect on the sandstone was very limited. DTPMP enhanced the drying of Na₂SO₄ laden sandstone, but had no influence on the drying of both brick and limestone. These different have been attributed to the properties of the materials, in particular pore size distribution and composition.The effects of the inhibitor on salt crystallization damage were less evident: no differences in surface damage, quantified as material loss, were observed between specimens with and without inhibitor.     

Unusual differential erosion related to the presence of endolithic microorganisms (Martvili,Georgia)

The presence of a diffuse biodeterioration phenomena can be observed across large areas of the outer surface of the limestone walls of the Church of the Virgin in Martvili. A differential erosion phenomenon was detected, suggesting a possible association with biological colonization. The erosion phenomenon is characterized by a circular discoloration leading progressively to the detachment of flakes of limestone at its center. Since the aforementioned process has not been described in the literature until now, the present study was focused on the interpretation of its origin and evolution. Three sides of the Church are affected by a variety of occurrences of circular differential erosion which display different stages of the process, whereas the western side is affected by epilithic growths across its entire surface. Surveys of the petrographic, mineralogical and physical features of the stone were made, and parameters such as density and porosity were recorded. Samples were analyzed by optical microscopy and SEM analysis in order to detected the presence of microorganisms whose species were then identified by means of morphological and molecular examinations. The study of cross-sections stained using the PAS method has confirmed the causal connection between microorganisms and the deterioration phenomena, providing information about their spread of penetration into the substrate and their substantial potential for causing damage. Dryness appears to be the main ecological condition favoring endolithic rather than epilithic growth. The most common isolated microorganisms were cyanobacteria (Chroococcales) and, to a lesser extent, meristematic fungi. The characteristics of the stone, and especially some endogenous discontinuities related to the accumulation of sedimentary layers and to the action of stone carving tools, might explain why the same differential erosion phenomenon occurs in specific areas of the block stones. The development of the differential erosion phenomenon shows a variety of stages of biological colonization. The progressive evolution of the deterioration process has been observed in detail: (a) firstly, white circular discolorations appear on the stone, which darken over time eventually becoming almost black; (b) circular perforations appear around the perimeter; (c) and finally a flake detaches from the center, leaving a deep depression in the stone.     

Metrological definition and evaluation of some mechanical properties of post-medieval Neapolitan yellow tuff masonry

The knowledge of the morphological and mechanical properties of masonry walls is very important for the refurbishment of ancient buildings, particularly when the requirements of both structural safety and historical preservation must be fulfilled. The masonry is not of homogenous material: its mechanical properties depend on stones, mortar, and texture which are very variable due to their dependence on the historical periods and the geographical area of the erection. For this reason, a deep knowledge of masonries built in different sites and historical periods is essential in order to evaluate both the capacities of bearing vertical load and the seismic vulnerability of the masonry structure. Three fundamental typologies of tuff masonry have been defined: they are the characteristics of different historical periods from the XVI to the XX century. The models are in full-scale in order to reproduce the three defined chronotypes. Original tuff stones quarried in the corresponding historical period, mortars similar to the original ones, reproduced according to ancient documents and original constructive techniques have been used for the construction of the specimens. Compression tests performed in displacement control have been carried out on the masonry models in order to determine the maximum resistance of the material and the corresponding strain, the ultimate strain and corresponding residual strength. In this paper, the procedure used for making the specimens and for experimentally evaluating the mechanical properties of post-medieval Neapolitan yellow tuff masonry are illustrated and the obtained results, even in terms of plastic capacity of these kinds of masonry, are reported.     

The ‘Economy of Memory’: Publications, Citations, and the Paradox of Effective Research Governance

More recent advancements in digital technologies have significantly alleviated the dissemination of new scientific ideas as well as the storing, searching and retrieval of large amounts of published research findings. While not denying the benefits of this novel ‘economy of memory,’ this paper endeavors to shed light on the ways in which the use of digital technologies may be linked to a distortion of the system of formal publications that facilitates the effective dissemination and collaborative building of scientific knowledge. Through combining three different strands of discussion that are often left separate – those pertaining to the cognitive effects of new technological memory systems, those pertaining to citation and publishing practices, and those regarding the effects of formalizing modes of research governance – it is also shown that this distortion is not merely a consequence of technological developments alone. Rather, such a distortion is inseparable from and potentially aggravated by the spreading of increasingly dysfunctional, formalizing research governance mechanisms. It is argued that these mechanisms run the risk of fostering the proliferation of knowledge practices that are characterized by an increasing degree of superficiality as well as the strategic publication of research that is of a decreasing degree of originality. If left unaddressed, this may pose a serious threat to the efficiency and effectiveness of the formal record of scientific knowledge as a tool for the dissemination of original research. By extension, this may in the long run seriously undermine the capacity of the publicly funded research system more generally.