丛林中的守财奴

[童话大意]一个农场主有一个忠诚的仆人,这个仆人辛辛苦苦地给他干了三年的活,而他却没有付给仆人任何工钱。后来仆人打定主意,想出去看看外面的世界,不再干下去了。他找到农场主说:"我为你勤勤恳恳地做了这么久的事,相信你会根据我的劳动付给我应得的工钱。"农场主是一个极其吝惜的守财奴,只拿出三便士给他,也就是一年一便士的工钱。可怜的仆人对钱没有多少概念,     

《犹太人的改宗》的神话原型解读

菲利普·罗斯是近年来引起国内外评论家热烈议论的一位美国犹太作家。1959年,他因一部短篇小说集《再见吧,哥伦布》而声名鹊起。《犹太人的改宗》便是其中一篇。历来对其评论多集中于作品的犹太性、作家的反叛等方面。而从神话原型批评理论来解读这部作品,我们会更加清晰地看到作者反叛的背后对自己民族文化的深切关怀。     

边缘化:美国犹太人的处境

索尔·贝娄是战后美国最重要的作家之一。作为犹太作家,他特别关注处于同化时期的犹太人:这些犹太人生活在美国,但他们又有着犹太文化背景,所以,他们感到,他们既不是一个自信的美国人,也不是一个传统意义上的犹太人,他们只能生活在双重文化的边缘体。     

论当今美国犹太人民族认同感下降的原因

本通过对犹太民族特性和当代美国犹太人面貌的简单阐述，主要从当代美国犹太人整体的心理、经济状况、婚姻等现状来分析、叙述当代美国犹太人凝聚力下降的原因。     

20世纪70年代的苏联政府和犹太移民

20世纪70年代,苏联政府出于意识形态及国内问题的考虑,对不同群体犹太人的移民要求采取了不同的态度.为了缓和与西方国家之间的关系,缓解国内民主运动的压力,苏联政府把难以同化的犹太人以及国内民主运动中的犹太积极分子用移民的方式清除出去.苏联政府采取了设置复杂繁琐的移民申请程序,对不同的申请者区别对待,施加经济压力,降级、解职、剥夺苏联公民权等手段来控制移民规模.     

论卡夫卡《城堡》的犹太情结

作为一个犹太作家,卡夫卡在他创作的最后一部长篇小说<城堡>中表现出了复杂而微妙的犹太情结.这种情结集中表现为主人公K身上所包含的三重苦难:主人公 K 的遭遇既是作家个人苦难的投影,也是几千年来犹太民族境遇的高度概括.更是现代人生存因境的寓言.     

走向现实的人道主义--对马克思《论犹太人问题》"宽容"理念的审视

针对鲍威尔伪人道主义地讨论犹太人“解放”问题,马克思在《论犹太人问题》中提出了尖锐的批评,并在批评中阐发了自己的“解放观”。依马克思之见,犹太人解放不只是“宗教解放”,根本在于犹太人的“政治解放”,即实现德国犹太人享有做“人”的公民人权。这方面理论观点展示了马克思在“犹太人问题”上坚持一种现实的和“宽容”的人道主义。     

略论犹太教与犹太人、犹太历史的关系

犹太现象因其独特性和重要性成为当今世界文化、历史和现状的重大聚焦点。本文运用宗教学、民族学和历史学的有关理论，探讨了犹太教与犹太历史、犹太教与犹太人之间的互动关系。     

Peer to peer support: the disappearing work in the doctoral student experience

This paper reflects on the importance of study groups in contributing to a positive postgraduate experience and explores specific concepts, such as ‘disappearing behaviours’ in contrasting the ‘official’ languages of universities with the beneficial behaviours found through study groups. Additionally the paper advocates the systematic inclusion of strategies such as study groups in the postgraduate experience. Funding arrangements and research frameworks for higher education in Australia focus on student progress and completion, as well as comparison of research quality within and between universities. As a result, there is a significant emphasis on timely completion of postgraduate degrees. This paper posits that there is an apparent contradiction between the indicators of success in this area, such as completion rates and annual progress reports and the positive contribution that study groups can make to the doctoral student experience.     

湖北鹤峰方言舌根音声母/η/丢失现象及社会成因分析

北京话中/η/只作韵尾,而湖北鹤峰方言中出现了其作声母的现象.文章试对这一现象进行具体描述,并分类举例说明.在搜集语料的过程中发现这一现象也逐渐发生了变化,湖北鹤峰方言中舌根音声母/η/正呈逐渐丢失的趋势.     

The case of the Swedish-speaking Finns

Conclusion It has often beeen stated that the Swedish-speaking population in Finland, compared to other linguistic minorities, has achieved a privileged position. Historically the Finnish nation-state was born and grew by the efforts of both language groups, and the constitution was influenced by this unity. The geopolitical situation has gained from the fact that the resources of the whole population have been taken into account in the development of the Finnish nation and state, located in a Northern Europe, where, for centuries, different political, cultural and religions forces have met. The fact that the Orthodox Church together with the predominant Lutheran Church became the state church is another example of the efforts of the young Finnish state to both integrate and mobilize the personal resources.Regarding the future it will be wise to support specific traditions, competencies and creative forces from the whole population. The education, rooted in a language and a specific culture can, in such a perspective, probably not be overevaluated. From the Swedish point of view it is therefore of the greatest importance to maintain fundamental guarantees for a Swedish-speaking education. Only far-going guarantees liberate creative resources for the future challenges nationally and above all internationally. Otherwise too much energy and interest will be needed to guard the specific and in itself justified interests.Today, when the economic prerequisites in a welfare state are not taken for granted it is by all means a wise policy to defend the approved strategy to at the same time integrate and mobilize the total resources from different groups in the society.     

Reading training by means of disappearing text: effects on reading performance and eye movements

The Reading Acceleration Program (RAP), which uses adaptively increasing text erasure rates to enforce reading rate improvements, has been positively evaluated in various languages, reader and age groups. The current study compared the established incremental increase of text erasure rate with a training using fixed erasure rates in two groups of young, non-impaired German adults. Eye-tracking measures prior and post training examined training-related changes of eye-movement patterns. Equal gains in reading performance in both training groups led to the conclusion that not the adaptive increase but already text erasure at fixed rates provides an economically efficient tool for the enhancement of reading rates. Furthermore, eye-tracking results suggest that text erasure training affects word processing not only at one specific level, but simultaneously at pre-lexical, lexical, and post-lexical stages. Although these outcomes are promising, further research is necessary to determine the optimal individual erasure rates that preserve good comprehension at varying levels of text difficulty and in different orthographies.     

The case of the leaving certificate applied

This paper deals with the topic of child protection in Irish primary schools, and reports on a recently completed survey of newly qualified teachers’ knowledge of and familiarity with their school's child protection policies and procedures. The study was undertaken by means of a questionnaire survey, and conducted with 103 teachers from different schools. The child protection roles and responsibilities of schools are clearly spelt out in national guidelines. However, the findings from this research indicate that compliance with the requirement to inform new staff about the guidelines and ensure that they have read them is weak. This is evidenced by the data concerning the teachers’ reported knowledge of, and familiarity with, their school's child protection policies. Half of the respondents did not know if their school had a child protection policy or not. Of those who were aware of their school's child protection policy, only just over half had read it. Well under half of the respondents knew if there was a Designated Liaison Person (DLP) with responsibility for child protection in their school. Furthermore, nearly two-thirds of respondents reported uncertainty or lack of confidence in being able to identify suspected child abuse. The paper draws on international research on child protection in education to provide the context for a discussion on the factors that influence schools’ motivation and willingness to collaborate as key protectors of children's safety and welfare, and makes recommendations for policy makers, school managers and frontline staff.     

大学新生适应不良的个案研究

文章通过一例新生心理适应不良的案例研究,以积极心理学为基点,采用认知行为疗法和团体心理咨询等方法调整不合理认知。经过四次咨询,引导来访者初步建立社会支持系统,情绪状态明显改善,人际关系良好,积极意识增加,促进了心理发展,咨询效果明显。     

试论“宋教仁案”舆论风潮的政治影响

"宋教仁案"引发了一场国民党反袁舆论风潮,对当时的政治发展产生了直接的影响。在舆论风潮中国民党由于过于愤慨,出现了过激的言行,使其声誉受损,而袁世凯政府以其较为纯熟以及表面上看似理性的言行,改变了其在争取民意方面的被动局面,威信见涨,使中间势力转而倾向于他。由此,民初政治格局彻底改变,民主共和向独裁专制转变。     

The case of Latin America and the Caribbean

Population education programs in Latin America and the Caribbean are traced from their first inception around 1970 and express the diversity of strategies that would be appropriate to the variety of cultures, development styles, climates, and geography. In the early 1970s, this region had the highest growth rates in the world. The thinking embodied the notion that large populations were a sign of progress and geopolitical power; size was relevant only to the physical space available. The connections between population and economic development were not being made explicitly in policy or sectoral planning. There was some contention surrounding urban growth and the ability to meet the needs and the imbalance in the age structure. Initially, educational sectors did not take population into accounting; international agencies were responsible for promoting attention to demographics. It was the medical profession that mobilized the education sector to start sex and family education, due to the increasing number of abortions and their consequences. By 1974, education departments were engaged in curricula that included sex and family life issues, in teacher education, and training staff to implement these programs. The demographic situation has changed over the past 20 years, and not includes reduced mortality and the beginning of fertility decline. Growth rates are now 1.9% annually compared with 2.8% in 1970, and population increases by 9 million/year. Population education is described in terms of styles, motivations, human resources, administrative awareness, teacher training, training strategies and research needs, and future management. Population education has advanced, but the need is still there to reduce fertility among large numbers of people who "leave procreation to chance and fate." Education serves the purpose of changing values, attitudes, and knowledge that entails a different view of the value of children, the relations between the sexes, and the adoption and practice of effective birth control. Education has already been shown to be effective in reducing infant mortality. The challenge ahead is to educate the poorer social and economic classes and Indian groups that lack knowledge of preventive hygiene and believe fatalistically that deaths are natural and unavoidable. Development models must accommodate population issues.