An information system for decision support in national information policy-making and planning

It is widely recognized that national information policies and plans severely suffer from the lack of timely and relevant data which could support decision-making. Through a pilot project sponsored by UNESCO/PGI and a subsequent application project at the Brazilian Institute for Information in Science and Technology (IBICT), an information system is being developed in order tentatively to overcome this obstacle. It consists of several related modules for the control of the internal production at the national agency and of the development projects and their related contracts, and for the monitoring of the information scene, both national and international. The two first modules are based upon the items of standardized work plans. The third one consists of a coherent series of data bases which contain basic information about the actors and components of the information scene, further transformed into single and aggregated numerical values. The latter are themselves aggregated and standardized according to a comprehensive list of variables, which are calculated on an international basis for the upper levels of the system. The system has been designed in order to cater to various perspectives of the information sector and the calculation of specific or composite indicators. It is linked with a bibliographic information system which controls the documents from which part of the data have been extracted, and with a referral system. The principles and examples of practical applications of the system are presented. The prospects and requirements for its full-scale implementation are discussed.     

A mobile knowledge management and decision support tool for soil analysis

This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of a mobile knowledge management and decision support system to assist archaeologists in dealing with soils. Our view is that provision of a mobile tool which provides access to expert knowledge and a means of recording pertinent onsite information will be of great benefit in ensuring crucial information about an excavation is not lost and that the excavation proceeds in an appropriate manner. In this paper we discuss the tool developed, and detail how it has been evaluated via a variety of workshop sessions with likely users, and discussions with advisory groups.     

Aided search strategy enabled by decision support

Current Web-based search engines presume a category search for a specific group of users. This approach is appropriate for generalized information searches since it is based on statistically generated user profiles. However, in some applications, such as medicine and law, an individualized search for a specific user at a given point in time is desired. In addition, the use of specialized terminology in some fields necessitates guidance for the non-expert to be successful in locating the desired information. This paper presents a new decision support system enabled by the analytic hierarchy process and intelligent software agents that can be used by researchers and practitioners in technical fields to aid information retrieval and improve search results from a controlled vocabulary. An application from telemedicine is given to illustrate the potential improvements.     

Using decision support systems to facilitate the social process of knowledge management

The social processes involved in engaging small groups of 3–15 managers in their sharing, organising, acquiring, creating and using knowledge can be supported with software and facilitator assistance. This paper introduces three such systems that we have used as facilitators to support groups of managers in their social process of decision-making by managing knowledge during face-to-face meetings. The systems include Compendium, Group Explorer (with Decision Explorer) and V*I*S*A. We review these systems for group knowledge management where the aim is for better decision-making, and discuss the principles of deploying each in a group meeting.     

科技发展决策支持平台运行过程研究

科技发展决策直接影响着区域科技发展的方向、水平和成效,科技发展决策支持平台建设成为推动区域创新驱动发展的必要支撑。在对运行机制的基本概念界定后,以山东省为例,提出科技发展决策支持平台的架构体系。然后以长期、短期、现状与未来4个决策维度为框架,分析了山东省科技发展决策平台的运行过程。对省际层次的科技发展决策平台建设具有一定的理论价值和实践指导意义。     

Information security risk analysis model using fuzzy decision theory

This paper proposes a risk analysis model for information security assessment, which identifies and evaluates the sequence of events – referred to as alternatives – in a potential accident scenario following the occurrence of an initiating event corresponding to abuses of Information Technology systems. In order to perform this evaluation, this work suggests the use of Event Tree Analysis combined with fuzzy decision theory. The contributions of the present proposal are: the development of a taxonomy of events and scenarios, the ranking of alternatives based on the criticality of the risk, considering financial losses, and finally, the provision of information regarding the causes of information system attacks of highest managerial relevance for organizations. We included an illustrative example regarding a data center aiming to illustrate the applicability of the proposed model. To assess its robustness, we analyzed twelve alternatives considering two different methods of setting probabilities of the occurrence of events. Results showed that deliberate external database services attack represent the most risky alternative.     

高校图书馆信息生态位理论动态性分析

基于信息生态理论在图书情报领域的运用,提出高校图书馆信息生态位理论。并在分析其内涵、要素的基础上,对其动态性进行分析。     

投标报价中报高率确定的支持向量机方法研究

在分析考虑各个影响报价的风险因素的基础之上得到一个适当的报高率是企业竞标获胜的关键所在。将支持向量机(SVM)方法应用到投标报高率的确定过程之中,引入粒子群优化算法(PSO)来实现对SVM学习参数值的优化确定。通过与传统的人工神经网络方法(ANN)进行比较研究后发现,用新方法来确定报高率不仅简便易行,而且用新方法确定的报高率与实际值的偏差更小,显示了其在该领域中应用的广阔前景。     

大型工程投资中的协商决策支持

文章通过对大型工程投资决策中的冲突问题的分析,研究了交互式多目标协商模型在解决大型工程投资冲突问题中的应用;并以大型调水工程投资为例,利用交互式多目标协商模型进行协商决策,表明交互式多目标协商模型对大型工程冲突问题能够提供有效的决策支持。     

A taxonomy for decision support capabilities of enterprise content management systems

Enterprise content management (ECM) systems are implemented in many organizations to deal with the complexity of the structured and unstructured organizational data. The little available ECM literature shows that many organizations using ECM focus on short-term benefits while strategic decision-making benefits are rarely considered. Although the relationship between the use of ECM and decision support (DS) is investigated recently, there is scarcity in research that investigates the categories of DS capabilities that ECM systems may have. The objective of this paper is to determine whether ECM systems can have the DS capabilities of four categories of decision support systems, namely classic decision support systems (DSS), executive information systems (EIS), expert systems (ES), and group decision support systems (GDSS). The findings indicate that ECM systems can have all decision support capabilities of classic DSS, EIS, and ES. However, ECM systems can have only a portion of decision support capabilities of GDSS.     

智能科学家——科技信息创新引领的下一代科研范式

科技创新是国家发展与民族复兴的强大引擎。提高科技创新能力必须透彻理解科研活动本身,包括科学研究发展规律、科技竞争形式特点、科研人员行为方式、科研成果传播影响等。科技信息是大量科研活动信息的承载和记录,科技信息的智能挖掘服务可以有效支撑科研创新能力研究。文章提出"智能科学家"的理念,首先分析了科研范式的演变与发展趋势,然后探讨了科技信息引领下的辅助科研创新、协助科研创新、自主科研创新三阶段构想,最终实现"智能科学家"的目标,最后介绍了"智能科学家"需要依托的若干关键技术方向。     

Enterprise Information Portals in support of business process, design teams and collaborative commerce performance

Enterprise Information Portals (EIPs) have been widely adopted as platforms for the integration of knowledge management and information technology (IT). This study has been conducted from the knowledge management perspective in order to examine the influence of EIPs on collaborative commerce in the automobile industry. This study explores the integration of internal and external business processes and the coordination of collaborative design teams. An initial qualitative investigation explores the practical applications of an EIP in an automobile company. A research model is then formulated and tested using a questionnaire survey of the R&D department of a motor company in Taiwan. The results of the data analysis reveal that presence of EIPs can help a company realize the benefits of c-commerce. EIPs also can improve collaborative commerce performance by promoting the degree of integration of the enterprise process and by strengthening the process innovation and communication of collaborative design teams. The results suggest that managers should reinforce important factors, including knowledge management tools, process integration, and the quality of design teams, in order to achieve success in collaborative commerce.     

考虑愿景的动态多属性群决策共识模型

现实中很多的多属性群决策(MAGDM)问题常常具有以下特征:(1)决策者使用个人属性集和愿景集来评估各自的备选方案集,并且个人属性集和愿景集可以异构。(2)决策者不必就属性集和愿景集达成共识。(3)个人属性集、方案集和愿景集可以动态变化。通过将上述实际情况的特征纳入MAGDM,提出一种考虑愿景的动态多属性群决策共识模型及其解决框架,设计集体解决方案的选择过程和共识达成过程的算法,给出为达成共识对个人属性集、个人方案集、个人偏好和个人愿景集的调整建议,并结合实例加以说明。     

企业选择和实施供应链管理的战略决策过程分析

本文讨论分析了企业选择和实施供应接管理的战略决策过程。首先从战略角度说明供应接管理应该是一种“虚拟化的混合一体化”扩张战略,然后通过分析实施供应接管理所必须的两个前提条件——核心竞争力的识别问题和外包战略的实现问题,找出了分析这两个问题的决策依据。在此基础上,提出实现供应接管理的战略规划,最后全面给出了企业选择和实施供应接管理的战略决策过程。     

基于ERP的财务决策支持系统的构架探析

针对财务决策工作中需要对财务数据进行深层次挖掘和应用的问题,建立了基于企业资源计划(ERP)的财务决策支持系统的构架,探讨如何利用数据析取功能,将ERP财务子系统中已集成的数据信息与财务决策支持系统有效地结合起来,从而更好地为财务决策提供帮助.     

SRM决策支持系统数据仓库模型研究

针对信息时代供应商关系管理对决策分析需求的不断增长,文章提出将数据仓库技术引入SRM决策支持系统,给出了SRM决策支持系统数据仓库的体系结构,并分析了该数据仓库中的数据组织、粒度划分、模型设计等关键内容,为增强SRM决策支持系统的决策分析能力提供了参考。     

情景规划在新兴技术动态评估中的应用/FONT

针对现有新兴技术评估方法的不足,分析了将情景规划应用于新兴技术动态评估的思路与方法;在此基础上,开发了一个新兴技术动态评估的过程模型,并以微硬盘技术为例,说明了该模型的特点与应用过程。     

Engaging rational discrimination: exploring reasons for placing regulatory constraints on decision support systems

In the future systems of ambient intelligence will include decision support systems that will automate the process of discrimination among people that seek entry into environments and to engage in search of the opportunities that are available there. This article argues that these systems must be subject to active and continuous assessment and regulation because of the ways in which they are likely to contribute to economic and social inequality. This regulatory constraint must involve limitations on the collection and use of information about individuals and groups. The article explores a variety of rationales or justifications for establishing these limits. It emphasizes the unintended consequences that flow from the use of these systems as the most compelling rationale.