论信息产品责任的法律调整

信息服务广泛应用于工农业生产、科学研究、商业流通等各个领域。在信息服务过程中，由信息产品缺陷致害所引发的法律责任问题大量涌现。必须及时对信息产品责任这一新问题进行法律思考，必须用法律的手段规范信息服务、促进信息产品交易、保护消费者合法权益。     

图书馆在生态文明建设中的责任担当——基于政策法律视角的解读

文章分析和解读了我国近二十年来生态环保、文化等领域的主要政策法律,阐释了参与建设生态文明是新时代赋予图书馆的社会责任。研究认为,图书馆承担的信息职能、教育职能、文化职能、"第三空间"职能赋予了图书馆有义务和权利作为责任主体参与生态文明建设之中。生态文明建设具有多元主体性,图书馆参与其中可以在提供环保信息资源服务、开展环保宣传与教育、传播环保知识信息、建设生态文化、汇聚环保力量、交流生态思想等方面发挥作用。     

Information support of economic research based on electronic information resources

The problems of increasing the efficiency of information support of scientific research in economics are considered. The informational structure and content of the Economics and Demography database functioning at the RAS Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences (INION) are described. The necessity of providing information completeness of retrieval by accessing external electronic resources (domestic and foreign ones) is noted.     

The impact of IAIMS at Georgetown: strategies and outcomes.

Integration of multiple information systems of a medical center will change the way physicians work and practice medicine in the future. Several major steps must be taken by an institution to make this a reality. Since 1983, Georgetown has been engaged in an Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) project to bring together multiple sources of information that reside on different computers and database systems. Georgetown is developing a Biotechnology and Biomedical Knowledge Network that includes informational and clinical databases, scholar workstations, instruction on computer use, a campuswide network with local area network nodes, and a modular approach to systems integration. The IAIMS project, spearheaded by the medical library, has enabled a broad spectrum of health professionals to benefit directly from new, dynamic information services. The network is heavily used; in 1991, more than 2,100 individual users conducted more than 148,500 computer functions and more than 104,000 searches. There is economy of scale in high-volume use. Overall, the average search cost is $1.57; for high use databases the cost is $0.38, and for low use, it is $9.41. As described in this paper, IAIMS offers a cost-effective means of enhancing patient care by improving information services to physicians. At Georgetown, IAIMS has advanced the concept of integration, accelerated use of computers in education, increased user acceptance of advanced technologies, and established cost factors for providing information resources. While progress made in improving the transfer of medical information is impressive, it is clear that IAIMS requires several more years of support to achieve full implementation.     

有效利用国外官方专利网站检索专利

专利文献中包含了大量的技术、经济与法律信息,国外官方专利网站数据库是专利信息检索的重要资源.论文对欧洲专利局、日本专利局和俄罗斯专利局网站提供的免费专利信息检索系统及检索方法和技巧进行了详细介绍.     

Access to European Online Databases

Describes access to European online databases and their capabilities. Databases covered include FRANCIS, a French database covering the humanities, the European Communities Databases, and the German national bibliography as an example of the humanities and social science databases offered by STN. The authors conclude that these databases have potentials for providing new information possibilities to students in European studies but that their utilization presents implementation problems that are unlike those found in other online databases.     

Freedom of information spreads to Europe

Europe is gradually embracing freedom of information principles while at the same time restricting dissemination of information generated by public agencies through electronic databases. Both Britain and Germany are moving to adopt freedom of information laws, and the European Commission has published a regulation allowing access to European institution materials. These developments are important for the rest of the world, including the United States, because the Internet is already becoming a vast virtual library facilitating global access to statutes, court decisions, and administrative agency decisions that make up the raw ingredients of a rule of law. Meanwhile, however, the European Commission issued a directive limiting certain uses of electronic databases, broadly enough drafted to include electronic repositories of primary legal information. This kind of state-sponsored monopoly over public information is inimical to a rule of law and democratic values. Europeans and Americans should work to realize the increased transparency promised by the freedom of information developments, and work to minimize the extent to which the database directive and similar proposals on this side of the Atlantic restrict redissemination of primary legal information.     

Web Mirror Sites

SUMMARY

Libraries can play a key role in ensuring permanent access to primary legal information, both domestic and international. Web mirror sites present a particularly efficient and cost-effective way to collect, disseminate, preserve, and ensure accessibility to information far into the future. Through partnerships with the issuing governments and organizations, databases of official information can be loaded on a local server, updated directly from the issuing site, and captured at regular intervals to get a snapshot of the status of legal instruments as of a certain date. The result is similar to adding the various editions of a print book. The Cornell Law Library has recently made freely available two Web mirror sites for researchers and the public. These are the ILO (International Labour Organization) and the ICJ (International Court of Justice) mirror sites. The Law Library is archiving these sites every six months, thereby providing access to previous versions of a treaty article, or other information that was superseded, or amended. The many additional advantages of creating these partnerships with domestic and international institutions are discussed, as well as the process used to create the mirror sites, and maintaining them. The article ends with a proposal for collaboration among libraries to create the research library of the future. The preservation of digital law is a critical issue because information is disappearing. Libraries have a role to play because it is part of their fundamental mission to preserve information for future researchers.     

Health information for patients: The hospital library's role

Libraries today, including most hospital-based patients' libraries, are involved only peripherally in providing patient health science information. Hospital libraries should collaborate with health professionals in getting health information to patients--along with the library's more traditional roles of providing recreational reading for patients and serving the informational needs of the physician and medical staff. The library should act as the center for educational materials and programs within the hospital. Many health agencies, health educators, physicians, and librarians have been discussing the need for patient health education, but there are few effectively organized or established education centers. This paper discusses an overview of patient health education and intellectural freedom, proposes a new role for the existing hospital library in patient health education, and suggests guidelines for establishing a patient education center.     

可行信息能力：一个信息分化问题学术概念的构建与阐释

[目的/意义] 面对图书馆学情报学学科在信息分化问题研究中对整体性、以人为本和关注效用等理论的诉求,探寻符合上述诉求的逻辑起点。[方法/过程] 基于对信息分化领域所采用相关概念的梳理,采用扎根理论方法对田野调查质性数据进行分析,归纳可行信息能力概念框架,结合效用主义、可行能力、信息素养等相关理论分析,提出可行信息能力是信息主体在信息行为中表现出来的实质自由。[结果/结论] 可行信息能力表现为信息主体在实践中的功能性活动,是结构因素、能动性因素和具体情境因素共同作用的结果。其中,结构因素主要包括经济条件、社会规范、政策法规、基础设施、信息资源等内容,能动性因素主要包括个人意识、技能、知识状态、社会网络等内容,情境因素主要包括时间、空间和场景等内容。通过探讨可行信息能力作为图书馆学情报学学科概念的适用性,发现其对信息贫困、信息行为、信息服务等研究领域具有可能的阐释作用。     

Bringing the Law to the Library: The Importance of Librarian Mediation in Access to Justice Services

Library access to justice programs and services help people who need legal information and who cannot afford an attorney. Librarian mediation is a critical component in the provision of access to justice services. However, the value of library mediation, or assistance with using library resources, is often unrecognized, particularly where members of the public are trying to access electronic legal information sources, online legal forms, and other law technologies. This article will explore the role of librarians in providing access to justice services from the perspective of the work of Richard Susskind, which emphasizes technological approaches to providing legal services. While there is a place for technology in access to justice services, there is also a valuable role that librarians play in contributing to access to justice.     

关于数字图书馆个性化信息服务研究

个性化信息服务,是针对不同用户采用不同服务策略和方式提供不同信息内容的服务.它具有以用户为中心、对用户需求进行挖掘、灵活多样和主动将信息推送给用户的特点.图书馆可开展的个性化信息服务有:数据库查询服务、学科信息导航、个性化服务系统MyLibrary、信息主动推送服务等.     

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认为面对２１世纪,图书馆必须建立有特色的专题精品信息数据库,培养一批专业信息专家,开展数据库应用服务     

图书馆开发利用随书光盘资源中的著作权问题

随书光盘是图书馆一种重要的信息资源,然而对其开发利用受到著作权问题的制约。图书馆工作者要提高对保护随书光盘意义的认识,加强对随书光盘的著作权管理,依法取得有关服务项目的法律资格、采取技术措施对随书光盘著作权开展保护、加强对用户利用随书光盘的指导;立法部门要不断完善著作权法律制度;权利人也应该改进随书光盘的授权使用模式。     

失效专利的获取与利用

已不在法律保护范围内的失效专利包含丰富的技术信息,这些信息属于社会的公共财产.在对失效专利定义进行界定,对其成因进行分析并提供主要获取途径的基础上,从法律与经济的角度对利用失效专利应关注的问题进行了分析.     

Democracy through access to legal information for newly democratizing nations: The Kenyan perspective and lessons from the American experience

The rule of law is essential for a country's development process, providing one of the ingredients for stability in newly democratizing countries that eventually promotes strong judicial systems. Likely factors contributing to weaknesses in the judicial systems include the absence of functional legal information systems, especially the availability of judicial decisions, as well as the inability of the populace generally to access legal material and legal information. Taking Kenya as an example and using the US judicial process as a foil, this paper examines the proposition that the availability of judicial decisions in case reporters enhances democracy by increasing judicial transparency and contributing to some predictability in the law, thus enhancing the rule of law. The paper also emphasizes the crucial role that information technology and the Internet could have in advancing access to legal information.     

THE IMPORTANCE OF RITUAL IN CRISIS JOURNALISM

The mass media are expected to play a key role in providing relevant and accurate information during a crisis. While numerous studies have explored how well the media perform in providing information during crises, less attention has been given to journalism's ritual aspects, such as those related to remembering, celebrating, mourning and sharing among members of a community. In the culturalist tradition, journalism is as much about ritual and meaning-making as it is about providing information. One of the most important ways of performing this ritual function is through live, on-the-spot journalism—a form of journalism that has becoming increasingly commonplace due to technological developments, and at the very least, it is connected with crisis news coverage. Based on interviews with broadcast media journalists about their decision-making strategies and motives during two crises (11 September 2001 and the Anna Lindh murder in 2003), we link crisis communication with journalism's ritual and symbolic functions. We argue that key journalistic strategies such as immediacy and competition are motivated just as much by rituals related to affirming community and journalistic organisational needs as by informational motivations. We conclude by suggesting that in times of crisis, the roles of psychologist, comforter and co-mourner should be considered journalistic role conceptions especially in a live, 24-hour news culture.     

The European commission's online public databases

In the context of its role in providing the day-to-day administration of the European Union, the European Commission is responsible both for stimulating the development of interactive electronic information services in Europe and for providing public online databases of information on the Union's activities. Following a brief survey of the background to the Commission's activities, this article outlines the Union's current telecommunications policy and the ongoing transition towards closer integration of the various telecommunications networks in Europe. It then describes the various practical arrangements for obtaining access to the Commission's online services, presents two of its programmes, which are intended to stimulate the professional use of electronic information services, and lists the various databases that it provides for public access.     

Legal Research and the Democratic Process

Public and academic reference librarians play a vital role in the informational needs of a democratic society. The importance of law and government to daily life negates the philosophy of legal bibliography solely for special librarians. Traditional views have stifled the intellectual growth of nonlaw librarians. Outlining the significance of legal reference resources to the democratic process attempts to raise the consciousness of nonlaw librarians untutored in their use. The interest and support of public and academic reference librarians is needed to encourage administrators to provide staff development to close this informational gap.     

What's in your list?: A survey of business database holdings and funding sources at top academic institutions

The present study reports the online business database holdings of the top academic institutions in the United States, which databases are paid for by which entities on campus, and some of the most common and most desired business databases. An invitation to participate in an online survey was sent to 91 top institutions of which 39 institutions participated. The results show a wide variety of information resources are considered core business resources in contemporary business librarianship and imply an increasing importance of cost sharing in providing the databases to support research and efforts to commercialize research.