学习困难儿童社会智力发展特点的研究

采用问卷法对60名学习困难儿童进行研究的结果发现:学习困难儿童社会智力发展水平显著低于一般儿童;中年级学习困难儿童社会洞察力显著低于高年级学习困难儿童;学习困难儿童社会智力性别差异不显著;学习困难儿童社会智力性别与年级的交互作用不显著.     

国外学龄前数学学习困难儿童及其工作记忆机制研究综述

文章梳理并探讨了国外学龄前数学困难儿童及其工作记忆机制的研究现状,并基于对数学学习困难儿童的相关研究提出建议,以期对我国学龄前数学学习困难儿童及其工作记忆机制的研究提供参考。     

“开除”自己 成就未来——学习困难儿童团体心理辅导

[设计理念] 学习困难儿童可以分为三个层次.第一层次是缺乏学习意愿和学习动机,对学习不感兴趣而造成的学习困难.第二层次是学业不振,这类儿童有学习的愿望和动机,由于对学习的不适应造成学习成绩不好.以上两种学习困难儿童没有智力方面的问题.第三层次学习障碍儿童属于智力问题.在本次活动中,我们重点针对前两层次儿童缺乏学习目标、学习习惯差等由于非智力因素所造成的学习困难进行学习心理辅导.     

我国学习困难儿童工作记忆研究的文献计量分析

本文对我国关于学习困难儿童工作记忆研究的23篇论文进行了文献计量分析.研究论文总体数量较少,研究的关注群体主要集中于学习困难的中小学生,研究方法以实验为多,研究思路以学习困难儿童与非学习困难儿童比较为主,中央执行功能、空间工作记忆和言语工作记忆成为考察差异的三个维度.存在的主要问题是:对于学习困难儿童诊断模糊;工作记忆测量工具不统一,缺乏有效的测量工具;研究全部为描述性研究,缺乏干预研究;神经心理学取向研究缺乏.     

小学学习困难儿童同伴关系的调查研究

本研究在总结原有研究的基础上对从两所不同小学的三至六年级 646名儿童中鉴别出的 5 7名学习困难儿童的同伴关系进行了比较研究 ,结果发现 :学习困难儿童比非学习困难儿童更多的受到同伴的拒绝 ,而非学习困难儿童比学习困难儿童更多的受同伴接受 ;男性学习困难儿童比女性学习困难儿童更多的受同伴拒绝 ;学习困难儿童的同伴关系在年级维度上不存在明显差异。     

学龄前数学学习困难儿童数感研究综述

本文主要探讨学龄前数学学习困难儿童数感研究的现状,通过对学龄前数学学习困难儿童以及学龄前数学学习困难儿童数感的阐述,总结了目前通过数感对数学学习困难儿童进行早期鉴别和早期干预的研究.     

学龄期学习困难儿童家庭教育的干预策略

目前关于学龄期学习困难儿童的家庭教育对策较少有人研究,而家庭教育对学龄期学习困难儿童又起着至关重要的作用,因此,本文提出了学习困难儿童的家庭教育策略,即进行适度合理的早期家庭教育,预防儿童在学龄期出现学习困难:发现学龄期儿童有学习困难迹象,家长要及时调整家庭教育方式,进行家庭教育干预,以改善儿童学习困难现状,促使其身心健康成长.     

美国数学学习困难研究的发展动向

近二十年来,数学学习困难儿童的研究一直是教育学、心理学研究的热点.本文从研究对象、研究方法、研究领域三个方面阐述美国数学学习困难研究的发展趋势,并在此基础上提出几点思考,以期为当前的数学学习困难儿童的发展与教育提供一定参考.     

学习困难儿童学习主观幸福感及其提升策略

学习困难儿童在学习上存在一定程度的困难,学习过程中通常处于被动状态,学习幸福感普遍较低,教育的本义在于使人幸福,在教育实践中要特别关注学习困难儿童。学习困难儿童的学习主观幸福感受到来自家长、学校教师、自身三方面因素的影响。面对多方面影响因素,要多管齐下,转变父母教养方式,优化学校教师教育,改进自身的学习策略,从而提升学习困难儿童学习的主观幸福感。     

农村留守儿童学习困难的教育应对策略

解决农村留守儿童的学习困难问题是当前农村学校保证儿童全面发展的关键环节,也与学校教育的各个方面息息相关。探讨农村留守儿童学习困难的应对策略,不仅可以使留守儿童摆脱学习困难的心理阴影,也为丰富研究农村留守儿童学习问题的内涵奠定了坚实的基础。     

Access to Educational and Instructional Computer Technologies for Post‐secondary Students with Disabilities: lessons from three empirical studies

Access issues based on three Canadian empirical studies of the use of computer and information technologies by college and university students with physical, sensory, and learning disabilities are presented. Data were obtained between fall 1997 and spring 1999 from: (1) focus groups with students with disabilities (n = 12); (2) structured interviews with students with disabilities (a = 37) and with post‐secondary personnel responsible for providing services to them (n = 30); (3) questionnaires completed by post‐secondary students with disabilities (n= 725). Findings indicate that the overwhelming majority of students with disabilities use computers and the Internet, but that 41 % of them need some type of adaptation to use computers effectively. Key findings emphasize advantages of computer technologies and delineate barriers to full access. Types of computer, information and adaptive technologies used by students with different disabilities are presented and emerging trends are highlighted. The goal is (1) to sensitize educational and instructional technologists, professors and planners involved in the implementation of educational media into post‐secondary education curricula and (2) to demonstrate that designing for accessibility from the outset creates a more equitable learning environment that provides opportunities for all students     

美国多媒体技术干预写作困难的研究

辅助技术是帮助学习困难儿童弥补各种学业困难的主要方法之一。国外研究表明,写作困难儿童接受多媒体计算机辅助教学训练后,其写作过程中的各个环节都能得到明显改善,写作成绩显著提高。用于干预写作困难的关键技术有语音识别和概念地图等。国外的研究与实践,值得我们借鉴。     

Access and perceived ICT usability among students with disabilities attending higher education institutions

An increasing number of students with disabilities are attending higher education. These students might face various difficulties coping with academic skills and with learning methods compared to students without disabilities. Integrating information and communication technologies (ICTs) in academic studies may be effective and constructive for students with and without various disabilities, as ICTs can provide students with adaptive ways to compensate for disabilities and enable them to improve learning. The present study examined students’ knowledge of and accessibility to ICTs and it examined students’ perceptions of the ICTs used by professors teaching in a face-to-face traditional postsecondary educational institute (in Canada) and a distance/blended learning higher education institute (in Israel). The sample included 309 Canadian students and 963 Israeli students who completed questionnaires regarding ICT usage, accessibility, and perceived use by professors. Findings reveal that Israeli students reported higher use and greater accessibility of ICTs and they also reported higher use of ICTs by professors. For both groups of students – those with and without LD/ADHD - accessibility to ICTs was predicted by self-reported knowledge and use of ICTs, professors’ ICT use, gender and nationality. The study’s findings and its implications are likely to be important for promoting access to ICTs for students with and without disabilities in both the traditional higher education modality and in distance/ blended learning contexts.     

Effects of Cooperative Learning on the Academic Achievement of Students with Learning Disabilities: An Update of Tateyama‐Sniezek’s Review

This article reviews research published from 1990 to 2000 examining effects of cooperative learning strategies on the academic achievement of students with learning disabilities. The literature search is described. Fifteen studies are included in the review and are grouped according to the types of cooperative learning strategies that were examined. Sample characteristics, measures, findings, and effect sizes are reported in a table. Achievement outcomes are mixed. Cooperative learning strategies that incorporate individual accountability and group rewards are more likely to improve achievement of students with disabilities. However, design problems across the studies limit conclusions to be drawn about the efficacy of cooperative learning. More research is needed before it may be viewed as an effective strategy for students with disabilities.     

Facilitating Academic Achievement Through Affect Attunement in the Classroom

Abstract

The effect of teacher-student attunement on the academic performance of students with and without learning disabilities was examined. Each Grade 4 student (24 with learning disabilities and 24 without learning disabilities, but matched on age and gender) was systematically exposed to 2 teaching approaches—attuned vs. nonattuned (traditional) at different times using different academic contents (mathematics and social studies). Teaching transpired within 8 naturally occurring classrooms; students were given pre- and posttests to assess their learning. A manipulation check indicated that the attuned teaching resulted in significantly more teacher-student attunement than did the nonattuned condition. The attuned teaching condition significantly improved academic performance over nonattuned teaching. When exposed to attuned teaching, girls without learning disabilities exhibited significantly greater improvement than did girls with learning disabilities.     

Pragmatic language skills of students with language and/or learning disabilities: a quantitative synthesis

A meta-analytic review of 33 studies investigating the pragmatic language skills of 3- to 12-year-old students with language disorders, language-learning disabilities, or learning disabilities as compared with the pragmatic language skills of nondisabled peers was conducted. The students with language and/or learning disabilities demonstrated consistent and pervasive pragmatic deficits in conversation compared to non-disordered peers (mean effect size = -0.52; SE = 0.06) across settings, conversational partners, age groups, and types of pragmatic skills measured. The pragmatic differences between the students with language or learning disabilities and control groups could not be accounted for by differences in study methodology or design. Furthermore, these pragmatic deficits appeared to be more attributable to underlying language deficits than to insufficient social knowledge. These findings are consistent with the perspective that students with learning disabilities can also be described as language disordered, and that children with language disorders experience a continuum of language failure that may be manifested in different ways as they progress through school.     

融入通用学习设计理念：学习障碍APP的研究与实践

学习障碍在特殊学生中十分常见,目前虽无治愈方法,却可通过辅助技术在教学中的运用降低其影响。具有辅助技术功能的教育APP为学习障碍学生提供了多样化的参与、表征和表达方式,这正好与通用学习设计的理念相契合,有助于他们在融合班级中获得平等的受教育机会。这些学习障碍相关APP可划分为文字转语音、语音识别、单词预测、文字处理、计划与组织、数学运算等6种类型。一方面,作为能力补偿工具和学习支持工具,学习障碍相关APP能够在阅读、写作和数学学习中为学习障碍学生提供多元化、可参与的学习环境;另一方面,作为一种新型的教学工具,学习障碍相关APP也可能给学习障碍学生带来诸如注意力分散、学习情绪消极等负面影响。因此,其作用机制和在教学中的有效性仍有待明确。未来我国在学习障碍相关APP的研究与实践方面还需做到:推进通用学习设计理念在学习障碍学生教育中的应用与实践,为其学习提供适宜的环境和支持;完善特殊教育辅助技术相关法律和政策,确保各类特殊学生能够获得更专业的支持;加强学习障碍相关APP的开发与研究,使其能够更有效地应用于现实教学情景;建立教育APP的评价体系和支持系统,提升学习障碍相关APP的应用效果。     

Reciprocal teaching of social studies in inclusive elementary classrooms

Reading comprehension relies on the use of metacognitive strategies. Reciprocal teaching has been found to be an effective comprehension technique to use with students with learning disabilities. This study examined the effectiveness of reciprocal teaching during social studies instruction with several students with learning disabilities in fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade inclusive classrooms. One hundred and twenty-eight students in Grades 4, 5, and 6 participated. Four comprehension assessments were administered, as well as an external measure and 30-day maintenance assessment. A mixed-design MANOVA was used to determine interaction on three reading comprehension measures. Results indicated that all students improved their performance on comprehension measures compared with students in the control groups. Improvement continued to be displayed after 30 days in both the sixth and the fourth grades. Students with learning disabilities significantly improved their ability to compose summaries compared to the control students.     

Notes on authors

Abstract

Although both the number of online learning opportunities and students with disabilities in higher education has increased over the last two decades, students with disabilities may be overlooked. The purpose of this study was to examine attitudes toward requesting accommodations in the online learning environment among college students with disabilities compared with requesting accommodations in the face-to-face learning environment. Accommodations refer to those adjustments and modification made to instructional and/or curricular requirements in order for students with disabilities to fully participate in a course (Rehabilitation Act of 1973). Results indicate that students with disabilities did not have significantly different attitudes toward requesting accommodations as a whole in the face-to-face versus online learning environments. Results, however, do indicate that students who report having visible disabilities appear to have more positive attitudes toward requesting accommodations in the online versus face-to-face learning environment compared with students who report having hidden disabilities.     

Using the Expressive Writing Program to Improve the Writing Skills of High School Students with Learning Disabilities

Abstract. The complex nature of written expression presents difficulty for many students, particularly those with learning disabilities (LD). The literature in the area of written expression and students with learning disabilities indicates that explicit, rule‐based instruction can enhance the writing skills of struggling students. Research in Direct Instruction (DI) writing programs is promising, but limited at this time to a small number of group design studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the DI writing program, Expressive Writing, for high school students with learning disabilities using a single‐subject design methodology. Results indicated that the Expressive Writing program improved the writing skills of the students in this study. Students also were able to generalize and maintain the writing skills learned during intervention.