Second-generation non-formal education and the sustainable development goals: operationalising the SDGs through community learning centres

ABSTRACT

This paper argues that Non-formal Education (NFE) has seen a remarkable revival of interest across both developing countries and the more highly developed countries. Among the factors causing this revival is the search for alternative educations to meet the needs of different groups in society. But in the process, NFE has been relocated – not so much as ‘outside’ formal educational institutions but as a different kind of learning programme within a continuum of lifelong learning covering formal, non-formal and informal learning. It argues that the adult learning targets contained in every one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) cannot be met by formal learning programmes alone and require a much expanded non-formal education programme. To deliver this, the paper suggests that the current movement for community learning centres (CLCs) can provide a base for operationalising NFE for the SDGs. It takes a case study, the Folk Development Colleges of Tanzania, as an example of the kind of national system for NFE which can be built. It ends by looking at current redefinitions of NFE and at where such an NFE system might fit into the governmental architecture of educational planning.     

Curriculum development through Delphi

This article reports on the use of the Delphi method for curriculum design in higher education. The basic Delphi methodology is outlined along with possible goals and objectives in a Delphi study. The results of an actual case study in the use of the Delphi method for curriculum development are reported. Attention is given to the problem of selecting participants for a Delphi exercise, followed by recommendations for future research.     

能力本位教育与培训课程开发

本从课程开发的角度，探讨了能力本位教育与培训理念的背景及理论基础，对能力本位教育与培训的课程开发模式进行了评析，提出了实施能力本位教育与培训应注意的问题，为我国实施能力本位教育与培训提供了借鉴。     

Experiential education at the graduate level: A perspective on faculty role and development

Adult development is an implicit component of graduate education. Yet, this idea is often ignored as traditional programs continue to view graduate education as largely a process of intellectual growth, usually detached from other life experience. Sponsored experiential learning provides one context through which adult developmental and intellectual goals may be simultaneously recognized and pursued. Required are a recognition of new roles for faculty and new efforts to help faculty in implementing these roles. The issues surrounding faculty role and faculty development are addressed in the context of a nontraditional graduate program which maximizes opportunities for the use of experiential learning.Dr. Byxbee is Program Director for the Saint Mary's College Graduate Programs in Human Development, Education, and Educational Leadership. He has consulted widely on the topic of nontraditional program development and has recently been active as a consultant to Latin American Educators on the topic of Nontraditional Education and Public Service Administration.     

Curriculum development and teacher education in New Zealand

When the National English Syllabus Committee (New Zealand) was established in 1970 to revise the existing English syllabus for the first three years of secondary school, it sought to evolve a model of curriculum development which was process oriented.

This article describes the bases of the teaching guidelines and the extensive and complex teacher‐education programme which accompanied the evolution of the project. It describes an attempt to alter teachers' ideas about what to teach in English, as mother tongue, how to teach it and within what administrative structures it could best be taught.     

区域教育可持续发展系统论

本研究在教育地理学、系统科学、可持续发展理论等所提供的理论基础上 ,对区域教育可持续发展问题进行系统研究。从区域教育可持续发展的必要性、区域教育可持续发展的目标、原则、机制、模式以及发展策略等方面 ,构建一个较为完备的区域教育可持续发展理论体系     

浅谈高校英语教育与区域经济发展

社会经济的不断发展使得复合型外语人才成为了区域发展的需求。现代高校英语教育能够大大促进区域经济的发展,带动当地科学技术水平的提高,从而带动地区经济发展,促进区域经济文化繁荣。因此,现代高校英语教育要以市场需求为导向,以培养复合型外语人才为目标,有效利用区域资源和市场知识构建良好的人才培养模式,实现高校英语教育与区域经济发展的相互作用,让区域经济和谐发展。     

高等教育与京津冀区域协同发展的对策分析

高等教育服务于京津冀区域发展的路径体现在,为区域发展提供优质的人力资源和强有力的科技支撑,传承先进的文化。通过建立以政策导引、合作共赢、效能评估为内容的高校服务于京津冀区域发展的保障机制,使京津冀区域内高校形成一个相互协调、竞争有序、定位准确的高校生态系统,以提升京津冀区域的发展活力和竞争力。     

高等职业教育适应地区经济发展的对策分析

高等职业教育是地区经济发展的资源潜力,地区经济可持续发展离不开高等职业教育。高等职业教育的发展现状是制约地区经济发展的重要因素,高等职业教育改革必须适应地区经济的发展要求。提高高等职业教育的核心竞争力,是提升地区经济的现实选择,是实现可持续发展的理性思考。     

新挑战下省级教育学院发展的思考

世纪之交师范教育改革呈现出高等教育化、开放化、教师专业化发展趋势，具有一定特色、有师资培养、培训及教育和教学研究职能的省级教育学院，在这样的形势中是与强校合并，还是走自我发展道路？这是省级教育学院必须面对、思考并作出选择的根本问题。本文试从自我发展之立场，通过对面临的新挑战的分析，对省级教育学院的发展有相应对待进行探讨。     

Part-time education at tertiary level in the Netherlands

In Holland there are not many opportunities of obtaining a university degree through studying in the evenings and at weekends. Only a few faculties have facilities and even these are limited. It is known, however, that at the moment there are no less than 10,000 students with full-time jobs (approximately 10% of the total number of university students). Finding adequate accommodation for this group is one of the major problems in the present educational system at Dutch Universities.The most important aim of the investigation reported in this paper was to establish a profile of the evening (or working) students, on the basis of personal and background data, motivation and the problems they had to cope with. We presented to the working students questions about the structural aspects, the didactic processes and the organisational planning of a curriculum at a possible future Evening University of Holland.This report recommends that an early start be made on an educational institution, organised nation-wide but with local departments, which focuses especially on working students.Translation: Drs. Henny Corver     

Research and the practitioner at the regional education service agency

Educational technology research and development -     

整体推进教育信息化 促进区域教育可持续发展

郴州地处湖南省南部,辖八县二区一市,是典型的山区农业市,区域内城乡之间、县（区）际之间,学校之间教育的发展很不平衡。如何缩小区域问差距,实现区域内义务教育基本均衡,教育信息化承担着重要的责任。近年来,我们坚持以科学发展观为指导,通过教育信息化基础建设、队伍培训、规范管理、科学使用,系统研究了影响教育信息化健康、稳步、     

高起点准入高标准建设--区域高等职业教育持续发展若干措施的探讨

一、浙江省高等职业教育呈现可持续发展态势1998年我省第一所独立设置的高等职业学校———金华职业技术学院经教育部批准正式成立。4年来,通过对部分职工大学、独立设置的成人高校、高专的改革、改组和改制,以及有条件的中专学校的合并、扩建和升格等途径,建立和筹建了38所独立设置的高等职业学校,其中30所已经教育部或省政府批准正式成立。招生数和在校生数连年增长,在我省普通高等教育中所占的比重逐年提高。高等职业教育的发展不仅扩大了浙江省的高等教育资源,改善了高等教育的结构,推进了高等教育大众化进程,而且在促进浙江省的经济和…     

Curriculum analysis and education for sustainable development in Iceland

The article explores how the Icelandic public school curriculum for early childhood, compulsory and upper secondary school deals with education for sustainable development. As the curriculum does not often mention the term sustainability, a key with which to investigate signs of education for sustainable development in the three curricula was created. The key encourages a holistic view of sustainable development, where economic, environmental and social factors are not treated as separate entities. It was designed to reflect the goals of the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005–2014) with research on environmental education and education for sustainable development in mind. The key has seven characteristics: values, opinions and emotions about nature and environment; knowledge contributing to a sensible use of nature; welfare and public health; democracy, participation, and action competence; equality and multicultural issues; global awareness; and finally, economic development and future prospects. Using the key, a variety of signs and indicators that provide a space for teachers and schools to deal with issues of sustainable development were identified.     

The strategic evaluation of regional development in higher education

The study analyses the role of regional development in higher education using the approach of the balanced scorecard, which provides a framework for organizations to describe and communicate their strategy. It turns out that the balanced scorecard is not only an approach for implementing the strategy, but it also provides a general framework for evaluating the strategy from the different perspectives. The study presents examples where the new evaluation approach has been used to analyse the national educational policy of regional development, regional strategies of higher education institutions and their cooperation. According to the results of the study, cooperation between higher education institutions is most important from the perspectives of learning and regional development.     

职业教育如何服务区域特色产业发展

教育作为社会延续和发展的工具,必然要适应社会发展的需要,特别是要适应经济发展的需要。发展特色优势产业,是区域性经济发展的主线,职业教育发展必须围绕这一主线服务。