Women Broadcasters of World War II

By the time World War I1 began, women regularly participated in radio broadcasting, either as entertainers or in the behind the scenes creation of radio programming. Few women owned stations or participated in network management. Newscasts featured dulcet toned, deep, male voices. In short, the serious business of radio was for men: Women were "okay" as long as they stuck to their own domain- cooking shows, homemaker tips, those sorts of things. Through an exhaustive literature review coupled with critical analysis of primary source documentation, this paper examines women who had a profound impact on broadcasting during World War I1 and beyond. Collectively, they created a programming concept that would turn out to be one of the most well liked types of programs during the war.     

BBC Portuguese Service during World War II

This article analyses the editorial line of the BBC Portuguese Service during World War II, presenting evidence of how the output of the broadcasts was influenced by the need of the Foreign Office to maintain a good relationship with the authoritarian regime led by Oliveira Salazar. Focusing on the internal guidelines that ruled the Service, this history demonstrates how Portuguese language broadcasts never threatened the survival of the regime that ruled in Portugal, despite the fact that towards the end of the war the station was used as a weapon to pressure Salazar to give in to British demands, namely to end exports of tungsten to Germany. A discussion is presented on the difficult task the Portuguese Service had to accomplish throughout the war: to praise a dictatorship while promoting British views on the war.     

抗战时期重庆出版业发展状况及特点

文章研究抗战时期重庆全国出版中心地位的确立及其重要意义。通过梳理抗战时期重庆出版机构的状况，如报纸、期刊、图书等出版情况，分析抗战时期重庆出版业的特点:政治性读物多、学术性读物多、文艺性读物多和“丛书热”；突出“时代主题”与“爱国己任”；寻求“夹缝生存”与“民众需要”的契合等。可以说，重庆战时全国出版中心地位的确立，在20世纪中国出版史上具有重要意义。     

The War of the Airwaves in Portugal: Foreign Propaganda on Short and Medium Waves, 1933–1945

This article focuses on the start of the “war of the airwaves” in Portugal. It provides data on the first foreign shortwave broadcasts in Portuguese, describing the background to those initial broadcasts and also analyzing their impact on Portuguese public opinion, as well as the degree of importance afforded such broadcasts by the Allies and the Axis Powers during World War II. Moreover, the article also details some of the strategies used by the warring nations to influence the editorial line of Portuguese radio stations.     

从上孙家寨出土木牍看西汉张良韩信《兵法》和杨仆《兵录》的内容性质及其目录形制

从青海上孙家寨出土的西汉晚期军事律令文书木牍,可以推知西汉张良、韩信《兵法》和杨仆《兵录》在内容性质上都是军事律令的结集。作为结集而成的"一本书",《兵法》和《兵录》都附有目录,但它们并不是"目录著作"。其所附目录都是勒编成册的一书篇名目录(contents),而不是"莫之或先"的群书目录(bibliography),也不是"最早的兵书专科目录"。此外,《兵录》之"录"意为"依次记载",并不是"名图书目录为录"之所始。     

Archives and the Australian Great War centenary: retrospect and prospect

ABSTRACT

Based on a keynote address to the 2018 International Society for First World War Studies conference, the author’s survey of a centenary of archival endeavour comprises four time periods and two themes. It highlights the unique role of the Australian War Memorial and its initial documentation priorities favouring Dr C.E.W. Bean’s official war history, the battlefront and the war dead. A post-centenary open-ended aftermath is also discussed covering processing backlogs, the prospective idea of ‘digital breakthrough’ and the archival implications of ever-widening understandings of the war and its endless aftermaths. The paper ends with an appeal for new voices in researching the documentation of Australia’s Great War experience.     

抗战时期鼓词文献拾掇及开发探讨

鼓词是一种大众化的中国文艺形式,抗日战争时期人们通过通俗的鼓词创作来表达对战争的厌恶、对和平的渴望、对知识的追求,见证了抗战对中国的影响。梳理抗战时期的鼓词文献85种,从鼓词作品内容着手对抗战鼓词进行分类,总结其特色及价值,利用SWOT分析法探讨抗战时期颇具特色的鼓词文献的开发策略。     

抗日战争中的洛阳:城市地位与城市发展

洛阳在抗日战争中具有重要战略地位,是战争双方争夺的主要目标,呈现出以军事地位为主导的战略性城市特征。一方面,洛阳因服务于抗战需要,城市发展出现阶段性增长;另一方面,由于战争对城市的破坏,洛阳不可遏制地最终衰败。     

News Coverage of U.S. Mothers of Soldiers During the Vietnam War

The press of World Wars I and II depicted patriotic mothers as Spartan-like in their support of the nation's war effort. During the Vietnam War, another maternal image emerged to share cultural space with the Spartan mother, that of the goddess Thetis who objected to her son's participation in the Trojan War. This alternative maternal symbol more closely resembles the archetypal image of the peacetime good mother, who cares for her children and resists sending them into harm's way. This study documents coverage of maternal opposition to the Vietnam War against the backdrop of coverage of US mothers of soldiers in the earlier world wars. The comparison suggests that the Great Father's failure to control the press and promote the war to US citizens provided an opportunity for Thetis' rising.     

Analyzing the Spell of War: A War/Peace Framing Analysis of the 2009 Visual Coverage of the Sri Lankan Civil War in Western Newswires

The goal of this study was to analyze the extent to which the visual coverage of the final stages (April/May 2009) of the long-lasting Sri Lankan Civil War relied on war and peace frames. Based on the revolutionary conceptual work of Norwegian scholar Johan Galtung, who viewed war and peace journalism as two competing frames in covering conflicts and wars, we examined news photographs available from Associated Press (AP), Reuters, and Getty/Agence France-Press (AFP). To date, this topic has been discussed from mostly normative viewpoints, and only little research combined the peace journalism concept with visual framing and/or the role of newswires as gatekeeper of information. We tested this concept empirically by using content analysis of editorial news photographs of the conflict in the three leading Western newswires. By and large, our results suggest that overall visual coverage of the conflict waxed and waned over time, but was primarily driven by visuals originated in the Sinhalese-dominated regions of Sri Lanka. Further, newswires are serving very different purposes and news markets: the AP–and to a lesser extent also Getty/AFP–with their focus on external events (therefore qualifying for peace journalism) and Reuters with a stronger focus on the conflict itself (thus qualifying for war journalism). Overall, the stock photo agency Getty/AFP was found to be the newswire that is most likely to provide media outlets with photographs highlighting peace frames, with the most balanced coverage between the two conflict parties and a particular emphasis on peace demonstrations worldwide, negotiations and summit meetings.     

Epideictic Rhetoric in the Service of War: George W. Bush on Iraq and the 60th Anniversary of the Victory over Japan

This essay explores the relationship between epideictic discourse and war through the analysis of George W. Bush's August 20, 2005, address at the Naval Air Station near San Diego, ostensibly to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the Allied victory over Japan. The case also serves as an exemplar for how Bush routinely interwove epideictic appeals with collective memories of World War II in order to promote the Iraq war and deflect criticism of his policies there. Bush praised the greatest generation and linked it to the current generation; blamed and dehumanized enemies of the past and present; advocated for war based on “lessons” from the past; and reinforced a shared identity to instill both obligation and confidence.     

Reuters,Propaganda-inspired News,and the Australian Press During the First World War

This paper examines the role of the London-based international news agency, Reuters, in transmitting propaganda-inspired news to Australia during the First World War as well as the take-up of such news by the Australian press. It explores how the propaganda function was understood within Reuters and how this function changed during the course of the war. It focuses on Reuters’ establishment, in March 1917, of a special British Empire ‘supplementary’ news service designed to unite the Empire behind the war effort. The paper explains Reuters’ success in Australia which arose, in large part, from its partnership with the United Cable Service, an Australian agency managed by Keith Murdoch.     

评《先秦兵书通解》

将先秦兵书纳入古籍整理的范围，是兵书研究向纵深发展的一大标志，新近出版的《先秦兵书通解》可算是其中的代表。本文试从文献整理的角度，对《先秦兵书通解》一书的价值及其整理方法之得失作较全面的考察。     

抗战文献探析

抗战文献是中华民族全民族抗战的完整记录,具有极高历史价值、文化价值和重要的现实意义。文章以民国文献的基本内涵为基础,进而提出抗战文献的基本内涵;以国内各大图书馆的馆藏抗战文献为基础,进而对国内和海外抗战文献的基本情况进行调查。     

时困犹存劫后书——抗战时期岭南大学图书馆的藏书活动

本文综合利用哈佛大学哈佛燕京图书馆和广东省档案馆收藏的岭南大学档案,研究岭南大学图书馆在抗日战争各个阶段内的藏书建设活动,分析比较战争前后藏书数量的变化,再现了藏书从散佚到清点、召回的历史。透过岭南大学图书馆在抗战期间的藏书建设活动,可知在抗日战争时期,尤其是珍珠港事件发生前,国内各图书馆的藏书工作并非只是消极地转移文献,寻找安全的保存地点,同时也积极地开展文献购求、筹募和接管工作,注重收藏抗战文献、国学文献以及西文中国学研究文献,共建共享文献资源,并通过与外国学术机构的合作获得了大批重要的外文书籍。     

Disciplining the Virtual Home Front: Mainstream News and the Web During the War in Iraq

Considered by many to be the first war of the Information Age, the 2003 War in Iraq provided a unique opportunity for observing how the American mainstream press defined the Web's journalistic value and how it reacted to the competition from alternative online news sources. In an attempt to exert control over the Web as a journalistic space, the mainstream press used rhetorics of “professionalism” to discipline online news seekers into conforming to the definition of “news” favored by the mainstream press. This essay analyzes these tactics and their implications for the Web's journalistic potential, and concludes with a call for a more collaborative online journalism that maintains journalistic credibility while also incorporating a wider variety of perspectives.     

A societal provenance analysis of the First World War service records held at the National Archives of Australia

ABSTRACT

This article offers a societal provenance analysis of the First World War personal service records held at the National Archives of Australia as Commonwealth Records Series B2455. It describes the communities of people and communities of records with which the series has its origins. Since creation, the records have enabled intricate interactions between individuals, families, government agencies and communities. They have facilitated personal, local, and national processes of grieving and commemoration, and bridged spatial, temporal and emotional distances. They have contributed to national projects such as the Roll of Honour at the Australian War Memorial, and the provision of pensions and support for veterans and their families. Their use by historians continues to shape our understanding of the history of the war. Access to the records helps build new personal identities, and new online communities of users. It is suggested that all these interactions are part of the history of the records we now have. The losses in the records, the gaps and silences, are also identified.     

Archives and trails from the First World War: repurposing imperial records of North African and Indian soldiers in Palestine and Syria, 1917-1923

ABSTRACT

First World War scholars more or less agree on the limitations imposed by archival sources on the study of North African and Indian troops. Conventional methods to find ‘the voice’ of the soldier do not apply in this case and the scarcity of records partly explains why so little is written. So, what opportunities are there in such an endeavour? This article argues for the need to decolonise military archives from the Great War era. That is to say, to use information that was originally gathered to serve narrow military interests as a means to understand the war experiences of the colonial soldiers. These sources, largely official records, bearing stamps of the past regimes, cannot be separated from the context or intent of their production. Nonetheless, they must not be overlooked as new historiographical demands make it necessary to read colonial archives for evidence of their context. Failing to draw from, and reflect upon, colonial era records on the Great War, despite their shortcomings, is tantamount to condemning valuable aspects of global history to oblivion. In turn, acknowledging these shortcomings, paradoxically, lends greater value to such sources as the colonial context in which they were produced becomes observable.     

民主与独裁:以1946年广州“五四”事件为例

抗日战争胜利后,爱好和平民主的人们反对全国内战,反对一党专政,迫切要求实现国内和平。然而,1946年广州的"五四"纪念活动筹备中却出现了特务暴徒疯狂捣乱兄弟图书公司、《华商报》、《正报》分社事件。广州"五四"事件与较场口事件、"南通惨案"等一系列暴力事件让人们看清了蒋介石真内战、假和平的阴谋,看清了国民党的腐败独裁统治,对第二条战线的形成起了至关重要的作用。