The Split-Ballot Multitrait-Multimethod Approach: Implementation and Problems

Saris, Satorra, and Coenders (2004) proposed a new approach to estimate the quality of survey questions, combining the advantages of 2 existing approaches: the multitrait–multimethod (MTMM) and the split-ballot (SB) ones. Implemented in practice, this new approach led to frequent problems of nonconvergence and improper solutions. This article uses Monte Carlo simulations to understand why the SB-MTMM is working well in some cases but not in others. The number of SB groups is a crucial element: The 3-group design is performing better. However, the 2-group design can also perform well: The analyses suggest that the interaction between the absolute values of the correlations between the traits and the relative values of the different correlations between traits plays an important role.     

参数已知比例可加模型的有效估计

讨论了比例可加模型的非参数估计.利用局部线性方法和平均方法给出函数的平均估计,结合回切方法,定义了函数的有效估计,并研究了有效估计的相合性与渐近正态性.     

高等学校考试新模式的研究与探索

文章客观地分析了传统考试模式的作用和局限性,并围绕考试的功能,从考试目的、内容、方式、机会等方面深入、全面地提出了构建高等学校考试新模式的思路和举措.     

回归模型中异方差的检验方法

异方差的存在并不破坏普通最小二乘法估计量的无偏性,但是估计量的方差变大了,由于估计量方差的变大,就使通常假设检验的值不可靠,因此选取适当的异方差的检验方法是极其重要的.     

Testing Inequality Constrained Hypotheses in SEM Models

Researchers often have expectations that can be expressed in the form of inequality constraints among the parameters of a structural equation model. It is currently not possible to test these so-called informative hypotheses in structural equation modeling software. We offer a solution to this problem using Mplus. The hypotheses are evaluated using plug-in p values with a calibrated alpha level. The method is introduced and its utility is illustrated by means of an example.     

回归模型中异方差的检验方法

异方差的存在并不破坏普通最小二乘法估计量的无偏性,但是估计量的方差变大了,由于估计量方差的变大,就使通常假设检验的值不可靠,因此选取适当的异方差的检验方法是极其重要的．     

考试,考试,还是考试!

Should students have to pass an exam to graduatefrom high school?Picture yourself having the perfect senior year inhigh school.You work hard and earn great grades.Yourock the SAT.You sail through midterms and ace finals.Now all you have to do is be measur…     

Testing Complex Correlational Hypotheses With Structural Equation Models

It is often of interest to estimate partial or semipartial correlation coefficients as indexes of the linear association between 2 variables after partialing one or both for the influence of covariates. Squaring these coefficients expresses the proportion of variance in 1 variable explained by the other variable after controlling for covariates. Methods exist for testing hypotheses about the equality of these coefficients across 2 or more groups, but they are difficult to conduct by hand, prone to error, and limited to simple cases. A unified framework is provided for estimating bivariate, partial, and semipartial correlation coefficients using structural equation modeling (SEM). Within the SEM framework, it is straightforward to test hypotheses of the equality of various correlation coefficients with any number of covariates across multiple groups. LISREL syntax is provided, along with 4 examples.     

一元线性结构关系EV模型的假设检验

给出了一元线性结构关系EV模型y=a+bx,Y=y+ε,X=x+u中关于线性关系y=a+bx的假设检验法则.     

A Method for Testing a Priori Regression Models

A method is developed for testing a priori multiple regression models. The method allows one to specify in advance as many unstandardized or standardized coefficients as one wants to and allows the remaining slopes to be free to vary. The comparative strength and predictive power of competing models is accessed by the absolute and proportional difference in R2 and by an accompanying F test. Computer techniques for the procedures are given in the Appendix.     

专业与通识互动发展之心智模式探索

分析专业教育与通识教育之间的关联。根据传统的专业与通识的四种基本心智模式,提出通识与专业互动的心智新模式。新模式如同太极图中的阴与阳,两者处于恒转的动态平衡。厘清专业与通识之关系后,进而讨论通识与人文素质教育之评鉴。     

Secondary Students' Dynamic Modeling Processes: Analyzing,Reasoning About,Synthesizing, and Testing Models of Stream Ecosystems

In this paper, we explore dynamic modeling as an opportunity for students to think about the science content they are learning. We examined the Cognitive Strategies for Modeling (CSMs) in which students engaged as they created dynamic models. We audio- and videotape-recorded eight pairs of ninth grade science students and analyzed their conversations and actions. In analyzing appropriate objects and factors for their model, some students merely enumerated potential factors whereas others engaged in rich, substantial, mindful analysis. In reasoning about their models, students discussed relationships in depth, concentrated only on the most important key relationships, or encountered difficulty distinguishing between causal and correlational relationships. In synthesizing working models, students mapped their model to aid visualization, focused on their goal, or talked about their model's appearance or form. Students attempted to articulate explanations for their relationships, but sometimes their explanations were shallow. In testing their models, some students tested thoroughly but only a few persisted in debugging their model's behavior so that it matched their expectations. In our conclusion we suggest that creating dynamic models has great potential for use in classrooms to engage students in thought about science content, particularly in those thinking strategies best fostered by dynamic modeling: analysis, relational reasoning, synthesis, testing and debugging, and making explanations.     

对高职教育考试模式改革的思考

我国现行的高职教育考试模式主要是以笔试为主,忽视了对学生专业技能和知识应用能力的考核,把学生引入死记硬背的错误轨道上,严重制约了高职教育的发展.所以应该探索与高职教育培养目标相适应的考试模式,推行以专业技能操作考试、项目设计、论文答辩等操作型、应用型考试为主体的考试模式.     

"嵌入式软件结构化测试"的一般原理

简速软件测试理论的当前应用及今后的发展方向。重点综述嵌入式系统及软件的结构化测试的一般方法。，主要从嵌入式系统本身的特殊性出发，给出如何恰当运用软件测试的基夺理论．解决具体的特定嵌入式系统及软件的测试方法的基本步骤。     

P-M与TV模型在加性高斯白噪声去噪中的比较研究

噪声是图像获取、传输和储存过程中不可避免的现象。去噪作为图像处理的首要步骤与基本问题是后续的高层次图像处理的基础。以加性高斯白噪声为例,综述了P-M扩散方程及TV模型的原理,并从视觉与定量指标两个方面比较了去噪效果。最后,在热扩散方程模型预处理条件下比较了两种模型的去噪效果。     

Testing Predictive Models of Technology Integration in Mexico and the United States

ABSTRACT

Data from Mexico City, Mexico (N = 978) and from Texas, USA (N = 932) were used to test the predictive validity of the teacher professional development component of the Will, Skill, Tool Model of Technology Integration in a cross-cultural context. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the model. Analyses of these data yielded positive results for the model's validity and reliability, with more than 90% of the variance in classroom technology integration found to be attributable to a linear combination of a teacher's attitude or Will, technology proficiency or Skill, and access to technology Tools. Results also showed a differential effect of predictors on integration, depending on the teacher's stage of technology adoption: At lower stages Tool access appears to be the best predictor; whereas, at higher stages Skill appears to be the best predictor. At the highest stage of adoption Will may replace Skill as the best technology integration predictor. Collective findings regarding the orderings of integration predictors shed light on alternative theoretical views of technology integration. Findings tend to support the view of technology integration as a step-wise, sequential, developmental process, rather than the process of eliminating external and internal barriers that impede the full integration of technology into a classroom teaching/learning environment.     

连接体问题的一般解法

在研究静力学问题或力和运动的关系问题时,常会涉及相互关联的物体间的相互作用问题,即连接体问题.     

Assessing the Utility of Item Response Models: Computerized Adaptive Testing

How has Item Response Theory helped solve problems in the development and use of computer-adaptive tests? Do we need to balance item content with computer-adaptive tests? Could we use IRT to evaluate unusual responses to computer-delivered tests?