An Article by the 2003 Award Winner CCCC Outstanding Dissertation Award in Technical CommunicationEmergent Genres in Young Disciplines: The Case of Ethnological Science

Although the rhetoric of relatively stable scientific disciplines has been studied extensively, less attention has been paid to discourse formation in young disciplines. The author extends recent theories of genre and disciplinary discourse in a close rhetorical analysis of early papers in ethnological science. Practitioners apply extant rhetorical resources to new disciplinary problems as they learn to identify themselves as participants in a collective project. The young discipline “learns” its discourse from its practitioners.     

Transfronteriza pre-service teachers managing,resisting, and coping with the demands of mathematical discourse

This article reports on a case study of a college class for pre-service teachers on the US–Mexico border in which students participated in in-depth discussion around mathematical problems every day. This pedagogical approach promotes the socialization of students into and through the specialized discourse of mathematics. The focus of this paper is on the experience of transfronterizo students in that course. Transfronterizos are Mexican residents who periodically cross the border to attend school. For these students, whose educational background in Mexico allowed them to develop proficiency in elementary mathematical discourse in Spanish, their socialization experience includes ways in which they draw on language, and other social and learning experiences in Mexico. The focus of this paper is an assignment called Thinking Logs, a genre that required the use of mathematical discourse for teaching. Drawing on data gathered from participant observation of the course, interviews, analysis of study session discourse, and genre analysis, I highlight agentive ways that each participant used in their own socialization process. I show how participants improvised writing of models, asked for clarification in the first language, and even resisted the discourse. Students who resisted the demands might incur negative effects. Furthermore, I argue that the role of the guidance from an expert (such as a professor) is imperative in a socialization process, and I offer implications for ways that teachers can guide second language writers to develop mathematics discourse.     

SciJourn is magic: construction of a science journalism community of practice

This article is the first to describe the discoursal construction of an adolescent community of practice (CoP) in a non-school setting. CoPs can provide optimal learning environments. The adolescent community centered around science journalism and positioned itself dichotomously in relationship to school literacy practices. The analysis focuses on recordings from a panel-style research interview from an early implementation of the Science Literacy Through Science Journalism (SciJourn) project. Researchers trained high school students participating in a youth development program to write science news articles. Students engaged in the authentic practices of professional science journalists, received feedback from a professional editor, and submitted articles for publication. I used a fine-grained critical discourse analysis of genre, discourse, and style to analyze student responses about differences between writing in SciJourn and in school. Students described themselves as agentic in SciJourn and passive in school, using an academic writing discourse of deficit to describe schooling experiences. They affiliated with and defined a SciJourn CoP, constructing positive journalistic identities therein. Educators are encouraged to develop similar CoPs. The discursive features presented may be used to monitor the development of communities of practice in a variety of settings.     

Educational forms of initiation in mathematical culture

A review of literature shows that during the history of mathematics education at school the answer of what counts as ‘real mathematics’ varies. An argument will be given here that defines as ‘real mathematics’ any activity of participating in a mathematical practice. The acknowledgement of the discursive nature of school practices requires an in-depth analysis of the notion of classroom discourse. For a further analysis of this problem Bakhtin’s notion of speech genre is used. The genre particularly functions as a means for the interlocutors for evaluating utterances as a legitimate part of an ongoing mathematical discourse. The notion of speech genre brings a cultural historical dimension in the discourse that is supposed to be acted out by the teacher who demonstrates the tools, rules, and norms that are passed on by a mathematical community. This has several consequences for the role of the teacher. His or her mathematical attitude acts out tendencies emerging from the history of the mathematical community (like systemacy, non-contradiction etc.) that subsequently can be imitated and appropriated by pupils in a discourse. Mathematical attitude is the link between the cultural historical dimension of mathematical practices and individual mathematical thinking.     

英语写作教学中学生体裁意识的培养

体裁意识薄弱是学生在英语写作中普遍存在的问题,帮助学生树立体裁意识是英语写作教学的重要环节。在英语写作教学中应同时引入体裁分析和篇章对比的方法,通过让学生广泛地接触各类体裁的文章,了解英汉同一体裁语篇的结构的差异,可以使学生掌握英语体裁的篇章模式和写作图式,帮助学生在英语写作时有效地避免受到汉语篇章模式和写作图式的影响,尽量按照英语的写作规范进行谋篇布局,进而达到成功交际的目的。     

Dialogue in the Classroom

There is increasing agreement among those who study classrooms that learning is likely to be most effective when students are actively involved in the dialogic coconstruction of meaning about topics that are of significance to them. This article reports the results of an extended collaborative action research project in which teachers attempted to create the conditions for such dialogue by adopting an inquiry approach to the curriculum. A quantitative comparison between observations made early and late in the teachers' involvement in the project showed a number of significant changes in the characteristics of teacher–whole-class discourse, with a shift toward a more dialogic mode of interaction. Nevertheless, the initiation-response-follow-up (IRF) genre continued to be pervasive. Despite this, when the same observations were examined qualitatively, there was clear evidence of an increase over time in the teachers' adoption of a "dialogic stance." The article concludes with a consideration of the relationship between the choice of discourse formats and the enactment of a dialogic stance.     

论言语体裁理论视角下的语篇交际能力培养

语篇是一个交际单位,语篇交际能力是交际主体必备的语文素养。修辞学、语篇分析等学科中的言语体裁研究起始和归宿于语言的交际运用研究。文本分析和写作指导都应有言语体裁理论视角,着力引导学生认知言语体裁使用的规范性、言语体裁的语篇交际功效及同一言语体裁的不同语篇组织的语境动态性,这是培养学生语篇交际能力的有效教学策略。     

语境在语类中的语言体现--告别演说和讣告的对比研究

语境决定语类以及它的语篇的语言特征，因此语类可以根据语篇的组篇和功能结构来区分。以功能语法理论为框架，采用话语分析的方法，从及物系统、组篇和功能结构、用词特点、时态几方面对告别演说和讣告这两种语类的语篇进行定量对比分析，可以较全面地说明语境与语类的关系。     

The epistemological framing of a discipline: Writing science in university oceanography

The purpose of this paper is to examine how instruction in scientific writing in a university oceanography course communicated epistemological positions of this discipline. Drawing from sociological and anthropological studies of scientific communities, this study uses an ethnographic perspective to explore how teachers and students came to define particular views of disciplinary knowledge through the everyday practices associated with teaching and learning oceanography. Writing in a scientific genre was supported by interactive CD‐ROM which allowed students to access data representations from geological databases. In our analysis of the spoken and written discourse of the members of this course, we identified epistemological issues such as uses of evidence, role of expertise, relevance of point of view, and limits to the authority of disciplinary inquiry. Implications for college science teaching are drawn. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 37: 691–718, 2000     

Computer Support for Knowledge-Building Communities

In this article we focus on educational ideas and enabling technology for knowledge-building discourse. The conceptual bases of computer-supported intentional learning environments (CSILE) come from research on intentional learning, process aspects of expertise, and discourse in knowledge-building communities. These bases combine to support the following propositions: Schools need to be restructured as communities in which the construction of knowledge is supported as a collective goal, and the role of educational technology should be to replace classroom discourse patterns with those having more immediate and natural extensions to knowledge-building communities outside school walls. CSILE is described as a means for refraining classroom discourse to support knowledge building in ways extensible to out-of-school knowledgeadvancing enterprises. Some of the most fundamental problems are logistic, and it is in solving these logistic problems that we see the greatest potential for educational technology.     

商务英语信函的体裁视角研究

商务英语信函的特殊交际功能决定了其体裁的特殊性。本文采用体裁分析理论对商务英语信函语篇从遣词造句、语篇建构和语用策略等方面进行了分析研究,旨在帮助人们对商务英语信函语篇有一个宏观的认知把握。更好地理解和创作出符合国际贸易特定体裁惯例的语篇。     

语篇分析在英文影片字幕汉译中作用

根据语篇分析在翻译中的必要性,从影片类型,个人习语和话语轮次三个方面探讨语篇分析在英文影片字幕汉译中的指导作用,指出成功的字幕翻译应该首先建立在对整个语篇分析的基础上。译者通过对英文影片的语篇分析来决定译文在汉语文化中的类型以及其交际功能,并借助各种翻译策略体现与原文功能等值的语篇,进而使中国观众通过阅读中文字幕对英文影片产生与原语观众同样的共鸣。     

体裁分析在英文促销信中的应用

体裁分析既涉及文体分析,又涉及语篇分析,是多学科交叉研究的产物,其根本宗旨是研究交际目的和语言使用策略。这里探讨了语篇分析中有关体裁的概念和体裁分析的特点,并运用体裁分析的方法,从宏观结构和语言技巧策略两个方面对英文促销信进行了具体的分析。     

中美社论态度意义对比及其语境阐释——以《中国日报》和《纽约时报》为例

《中国日报》和《纽约时报》社论态度资源各系统鉴赏、判断和情感的布局,一方面会受到语场、语旨和语式的共同制约而使中美两国社论语篇都呈现出一致的语类结构特征;另一方面由于受制于不同的文化语境,两国社论语篇又形成了自己特有的话语模式。此种模式的形成既是一个历史过程和社会认知过程,也是一个社会与话语之间的相互建构过程。     

化妆品广告的批判话语分析

广告用语作为一种最为流行和普遍的公共话语,在当代社会中扮演的角色越来越重要。化妆品广告用语的目的是为了宣传产品从而刺激消费者购买,然而生活中也有很多关于化妆品广告用语的讨论,如真诚性,逻辑性……从批判话语分析的角度来揭示化妆品广告在哪些方面怎样误导消费者是具有现实意义的。以“批评话语分析”理论为依据,从体裁分析和意识形态两大方面进行分析,使消费者在欣赏此类广告时,能采取更加明智的消费行为并提高他们的批判意识。     

The Application of Genre-based Approach in Teaching English Reading in Mid-level Professional School

Reading is a complex process,and effective reading is preceded by discourse patterns,namely genre knowledge of the passage structure.Genre-based approach applies the theory of genre and genre analysis to the classroom,and develops teaching activities revolving around the schematic structure of a text.It is attempted by teaching genre knowledge to cultivate students’ genre awareness under certain social and cultural environment for enhancing their reading comprehension.     

批评话语分析下的语篇体裁互文性教学探析

近年来,批评语言学界兴起用互文性研究进行语篇分析.互文性回答了话语界为何反复使用某些形式描述修辞情境,以及如何利用专业知识确定文本之间的映衬关系,批评话语则分析了互文关系所表达的文字背后的权力关系.结合体裁互文性的上述特点,分别介绍了互文性及体裁的概念,评介了批评话语分析的互文性,梳理了体裁互文性的研究现状,以更好地揭...     

The role of genre in language syllabus design: The case of Bahrain

This article examines the role of genre in English language syllabus design, with reference to a project in Bahrain secondary schools. It attempts to show how, through a carefully devised and conducted qualitative study in ethnographic mode, a syllabus was developed which placed genre at its centre. It also attempts to illuminate how issues relating to the sequencing and choice of genre can be determined ecologically, and how a focus on genres in this way could usefully impact on other central areas of pedagogy including the teaching of skills, and assessment.     

The Discourse of Research Degrees Supervision: a case study of supervisor training

This article is designed to add to the literature dealing with the supervision of research degrees. It examines the discourse of supervision in the context of accredited research supervisor training at one British university. The data is based on naturalistic observation of course participants and in‐depth interviews with a range of stake‐holders. It explores the metaphors employed by supervisors to describe their roles within the research award process. This is the first stage of a larger project that is looking in more depth at supervisory discourse and using the analysis of that discourse as a heuristic device to encourage reflection in professional education.     

体裁分析在商务英语函电教学中的应用

运用体裁分析的理论和方法,通过对商务英语函电语篇实例进行解析,探讨语篇的交际目的和使用策略,以帮助学生掌握特定体裁的语篇图式结构,提高商务英语阅读和写作能力。