面向数字人文的京剧脸谱图像数字资源构建

京剧脸谱的"非物质"特征决定了脸谱图像的数字化保护应该更重视"活态"的传承,尤其是需要从程式化、象征性和装饰性特征出发来认识京剧脸谱图像资源。针对京剧脸谱图像保护、传承和发展中面临的困境,提出面向数字人文的京剧脸谱图像数字资源建设路径,通过结合数字资源呈现展现京剧脸谱图像数字资源建设的成果。利用"北京记忆-京剧脸谱"网站建设案例展现面向数字人文的京剧脸谱图像数字资源构建的可行性。     

The Effects of Edits on Arousal,Attention, and Memory for Television Messages: When an Edit Is an Edit Can an Edit Be Too Much?

This study examines the effect of the rate of edits (camera changes in the same visual scene) on viewers' arousal and memory. The rate of edits varied from slow to very fast. Results show that as the rate of edits increases physiological arousal, self-reported arousal, and memory increase. It is suggested that edits can increase attention to and encoding of television message content without significantly increasing the cognitive load of the message.     

Researchers emotions after information retrieval from databases available through the Egyptian Knowledge Bank: Impacts of perceived self-efficacy

Information search and retrieval are feeling experiences that are characterized by affirmative or negative feelings that affect awareness, memory, performance, and judgment. Feelings and other environmental and personal factors play a significant role in defining the success or failure of a search. The study was based on Bandura's four main sources of self-efficacy information, i.e., Personal self-assessment and mastery experience, social persuasion, indirect experience and comparison with others, and physiological states, on researchers' feelings after research articles retrieval. A questionnaire was managed, and 254 responses were accurate, valid, and applicable for data analysis and interpretation. Multiple linear regression test was conducted to evaluate the effect of the four main sources of self-efficacy research articles on researchers' feelings after articles retrieval. Additionally, the relationships between the sources of researchers' self-efficacy and feelings after retrieving research articles were examined considering several demographic variables and individual characteristics. The results suggested that social feedback had a major impact on researchers' feelings after articles retrieval and that Personal self-assessment and affective arousal also had impacts. The data analysis revealed that older and more proficient researchers mentioned being more influenced by their Personal self-assessment and their physiological arousal and their feelings. The study applied a quantitative research method using multiple linear regression test, which provided salutary experimental insights and a comprehensive perception for knowledge bank managers of the factors that have important impacts on researchers' feelings after articles retrieval. The results contribute a modern perspective to past studies on researchers' feelings after research articles retrieval, which has not previously been researched in the Egyptian context.     

The effects of newscaster gender and vocal quality on perceptions of Homophily and interpersonal attraction

The research attempted to clarify the “ideal newscaster” concept. Only newscaster gender contributed to a significant difference, and only on physical attraction. Findings are discussed with regard to their implications for viewers’ selective exposure to news broadcasts.     

Mates or Married? Implications of Gender Composition and Physical Intimacy on Evaluation of Images Tested for Advertising

Drawing upon the theoretical framework of social identity theory and literature on physical intimacy, consumer neuroscience, and social cognitive and affective neuroscience, responses to images featuring same-gender and other-gender pairs are explored through examination of self-reported attitudes and neural activity associated with attention, memory, and emotion. Under the pretense of pretesting the effectiveness of images to be used in a national advertising campaign, participants viewed still images while neuroelectric brain responses were recorded. Each image featured two women, two men, or a man and a woman presented in positions of physical intimacy. Results indicated that event-related brain potentials (ERPs) associated with attention did not differ overall based on couple composition. However, ERPs associated with working memory and emotion were enhanced when processing images with two men. Preference for these images was reflected in self-reported attitudes.     

Mapping real-time motion estimation type algorithms to memory efficient,programmable multi-processor architectures

In this paper, an architectural template is presented, which is able to execute the full search motion estimation algorithm or other similar video or image processing algorithms in real time. The architecture is based on a set of programmable video signal processors (VSP's). It is also possible to integrate the processor cores and their local memories on a (set of) chip(s). Due to the programmability, the system is very flexible and can be used for emulation of other similar block-oriented local-neighborhood algorithms. The architecture can be easily divided into several partitions, without data-exchange between partitions. Special attention is paid to memory size and transfer optimization, which are dominant factors for both area and power cost. The trade-offs and techniques used to arrive at these solutions are explained in detail. It is shown that careful optimizations can lead to large savings in memory size (up to 66%) and bandwidth requirements (up to a factor of 4) compared to a straightforward solution.     

The Connection Between the Physiological and Psychological Reactions to Sexually Explicit Materials: A Literature Summary Using Meta-Analysis

The results of the investigations providing data on the connection between measures of sexual arousal and positive psychological affect indicate a positive relationship whether measured directly (r=.212) or by a comparison of manipulation check data (r=.223). Female research participants demonstrate more negative emotional responses than men exposed to the same content (r=?.248), but the level of physiological arousal favors men by a much smaller magnitude (r=.134). The response to pornography on the basis of gender reflects not only a physiological difference in reaction but a psychological interpretation of that reaction as well.     

A discrepancy‐arousal explanation of mutual influence in expressive behavior for adult and infant‐adult interaction 1

The expressive behaviors of adult and infant‐adult dyads are marked both by patterns of reciprocity and compensation. An alternative to the equilibrium and arousal‐labeling explanations of these findings is offered in the discrepancy‐arousal model. This model is similar to its predecessors in that physiological, cognitive, and affective components are central. However, the arousal component is given a more prominent role in predicting reciprocal or compensatory responses than in the arousal‐labeling theory. This modification permits discrepancy‐arousal to account for the reaction time of moment‐to‐moment influence, for the cycling of expressive involvement, for infant‐adult patterns of reciprocity and compensation, and for the etiology of adult patterns of mutual influence. Evidence supporting the discrepancy‐arousal position is reviewed. Predictive hypotheses are proposed and contrastive experimental tests are outlined.     

Stereotypical Portrayals of Emotionality in News Photos

This research content analyzed the news photographs of a major U.S. daily newspaper to examine the emotional portrayals of individuals in different gender, age, and ethnic subgroups. A multidimensional measure of emotion (pleasure, arousal, dominance) was used. A total of 1,595 individuals were coded. The results demonstrate that emotionality was stereotyped to some degree, particularly in relation to women, ethnic minorities, and senior citizens. Specifically, African Americans were depicted as excited whereas Asian Americans were seen as calm. Women were portrayed as happy and teens were shown as sad. The results support the social construction of emotion and suggest that the news media play a role in framing and constructing emotional meaning with regard to different subgroups in American society.     

Communication‐elicited arousal in public speaking,small group and dyadic contexts: Comparisons of change in heart rate

The study examined the effect of situational demands on arousal in public speaking, small group, and dyadic contexts. Heart rate level of nine university students varied significantly according to the demands of the context. The nature of the context was also reflected in subjects’ heart rate variation. The advantages of expanding the physiological communication research in various communication contexts were discussed.     

Public Identity and Collective Memory in U.S. Iconic Photography: The Image of "Accidental Napalm"

Thirty years after the fact, the Vietnam War continues to haunt the collective memory of the United States. One of the primary embodiments of that haunting is the image of a naked girl running down a road toward the camera, screaming in pain and terror from the napalm burns on her back and arms. The photograph, often dubbed “accidental napalm,” provides a complex construction of viewer response that was uniquely suited to the conditions of representation in the Vietnam era, while it reflects a continuing struggle within public culture since that time. In this essay, we offer a close reading of the photograph as a performance of public judgment, and we explore its subsequent history of appropriation. We argue that the photograph functions as a powerful emotional and inventional resource for animating moral deliberation and democratic dissent as it mediates the “stranger relationality” central to public engagement. At the same time, the image also motivates dominant narrative responses that reinscribe liberal ideology to inhibit collective memory and public accountability. This ambivalence in the circulation of the iconic image is grounded in fundamental affinities between photographic representation, public culture, and mass media.     

Arousal and affective responses to writing styles

Although arousal measures have been employed to predict responses to television programs and music, they have not been used previously to evaluate print media. In this study, skin conductance response (SCR) and a mood scale were used to measure physiological and affective responses to three factors of newswriting style: narrative vs. traditional; direct quotations vs. paraphrased statements; and active vs. passive verbs and adjectives. News stories about the mass suicides in Guyana were used as stimulus materials. Narrative style generated the strongest SCR responses. Narrative style, direct quotations, and active verbs and adjectives interacted to produce the most positive affective responses. The study raises a number of questions about the nature of responses to reading.     

The Impact of Subjective Camera in Sports on Arousal and Enjoyment

Although scholars have generated much research examining enjoyment of mediated sports, much of it has failed to explore how visual production elements shape viewer response. This study examines the impact of one increasingly common technique, subjective camera, on viewer arousal and enjoyment of game play. Participants viewed multiple plays from a college football game that varied in excitatory potential as well as viewing angle. Game play viewed via subjective camera elicited a greater sense of presence in the mediated environment and elicited more frequent arousal responses compared to traditional sideline perspectives of game play. However, the impact of viewing angle on enjoyment as well as self-reported arousal was dependent upon the exciting or dull nature of game play. Invoking the dynamics of excitation transfer theory, we discuss the potential explanations for this relationship as well as its implications for sports broadcasters.     

交互方式与性别差异对旅游增强现实用户体验的影响研究

[目的/意义] 通过分析交互方式与性别差异对游客使用移动增强现实旅游产品的情绪体验和可用性影响,为旅游增强现实应用设计优化提供依据。[方法/过程] 具体结合户外实验研究与质性访谈方法,邀请游客使用触摸交互、空中手势交互和基于设备交互三种增强现实常见的交互方式完成对象选择任务,考察男女参与者对不同交互方式的可用性评价和PAD三维情绪体验。[结果/结论] 在移动增强现实设备中,交互方式对可用性和情绪体验存在显著影响,其中触摸交互的可用性体验最好,诱发愉悦度和支配度最强;空中手势交互激活度水平最高;接触式交互更符合游客的可用性和情绪体验需求;使用者性别对可用性和情绪水平的影响均无显著差异。     

Understanding the antecedents of privacy fatigue in facial recognition-based m-Gov services: An empirical study from China

Facial recognition technology has been adopted for the better delivery of m-government services, but the ease and frequency with which users' personal information is being accessed and misused have inevitably increased. This has recently triggered a new phenomenon of privacy fatigue in e-governance, which makes people feel powerless to protect their privacy. A comprehensive understanding of users' privacy fatigue is important, since negative user perceptions may lead to disengagement and the distrust of the government. Drawing on the Person-Environment fit theory and user agency perspective, this study examines the antecedents of privacy fatigue, manifested as emotional exhaustion and cynicism. A large-scale telephone survey allowed data to be collected from 3, 436 users of facial recognition-based m-Gov services in China. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) results reveal that: (1) privacy fatigue indeed occurs among the users of facial recognition-based m-Gov services in China; (2) the perceptions of privacy control is the core antecedent of users' privacy fatigue, which influences two dimension—emotional exhaustion and cynicism—in different directions; (3) the effectiveness of both privacy self-efficacy and government legislation positively influences perceived privacy control, while the effect of the effectiveness of privacy policies on it is insignificant. This study contributes to the research by empirically testing the notion and antecedents of privacy fatigue in the context of facial recognition-based m-Gov services, and provides a mechanism analysis with an overarching theoretical framework. In addition, the findings may generate new research avenues related to privacy fatigue under an AI-enabled government.     

How Gender and Age Affect Newscasters' Credibility—An Investigation in Switzerland

In an experimental study conducted in Switzerland the effects of newscasters' gender and age on credibility were analyzed using a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. Participants (N = 160) evaluated Swiss, German, and Austrian TV news items in terms of credibility of the newscaster and credibility of the message. News items read by female newscasters were perceived as being more credible. In contrast, male newscasters were considered to be more credible persons. Furthermore, a significant interaction between the newscasters' gender and age was observed: Age had no effect on the credibility of the younger newscasters, whereas older male newscasters were perceived as being the most credible.     

Negative video as structure: Emotion,attention, capacity,and memory

This paper uses a limited capacity information processing theory of television viewing to investigate the effects of graphic negative video at four levels of processing (attention, capacity, encoding, and retrieval) and on two dimensions of emotional experience (arousal and valence). Results indicate that the presence of negative video in news stories increases attention, increases the amount of capacity required to process the message, increases the ability to retrieve the story, facilitates recognition of information presented during the negative video and inhibits recognition for information presented before the negative video. Results also indicate that the introduction of negative video increases the self‐reported negative emotional impact of the story — making it more arousing and more negative.     

Architecture and C++-programming environment of a highly parallel image signal processor

A highly parallel single-chip image signal processor architecture has been derived by analysis of image processing algorithms. Available levels of parallelism and their associated demands on data access, control and complexity of operations were taken into account. The RISC-architecture, called “HiPAR-DSP”, consists of a control unit, 16 parallel ASIMD-controlled datapaths with autonomous addressing and instruction selection capability, a local data cache per data path, a shared memory with matrix type data access and a powerful DMA-unit. The proposed architecture was designed by assessing the results of an analysis of characteristic algorithm properties with respect to their inherent parallelization resources, achievable speed up and implementation costs. This resulted in a proper balance between the degree of parallelism and flexibility, leading to a high performance for a wide field of applications. Additional measures were taken to support an efficient high level programmability of the processor. This was achieved by the concurrent implementation of special architectural features and a C++-programming environment. It consists of an adaptation of the GNU C++-compiler and an optimizing assembler, supporting all levels of concurrence offered by the hardware. While most levels of parallelization are kept invisible to the programmer, data-level parallelism is expressed by the programmer using special new data types added to the standard C/C++-data-types. A sustained performance of about 2.0 Gigaoperations per second is achieved by the 100 MHz clocked processor for numerous image processing algorithms, leading to a processing time e.g. for a normalized correlation of a 512 × 512 image with a 32 × 32 correlation mask of 450 ms. Thus, a performance is achieved with a programmable parallel processor architecture that hitherto required the application of a dedicated integrated circuit.     

Emotional Dimensions of Watching Zoo Animals: An Experience Sampling Study Building on Insights from Psychology

Abstract There is little research about how visitors to zoos and aquariums respond emotionally to the animals they experience. The research that does exist has seldom been informed by current psychological literature on affect, which examines the nature and roles of sentiments, moods, emotions, and affective traits. Emotion is multidimensional: it focuses on a person's core goals; directs attention and interest; arouses the body for action; and integrates social group and cultural factors. It is thus a central component of meaning‐making. This article provides an overview of the literature on emotion as it applies to human emotional responses to animals. Informed by this literature, this paper presents results from a research study conducted at a zoo. Subjects (279 adults) were each electronically paged once while viewing one of three zoo animals (snake, okapi, or gorilla). Subjects completed scales on 17 specific emotions, seven items measuring evaluation and arousal, and other scales and responses to the animal. Four patterns of emotions emerged, ranging from “equal opportunity” emotions to “highly selective” emotions. The variables that were most important in influencing emotions were not demographic ones, but the kind of animal, subject's emotionality, relation to the animal, and other items predicted by emotion theory. Implications for biophilia, conservation, and the study of emotional responses to animals are discussed.     

Television Sports and Athlete Sex: Looking At the Differences in Watching Male and Female Athletes

Women are an underrepresented population, particularly in the world of televised sports. Women are undervalued as athletes, due to their perceived lack of athletic skill and competitive spirit. This paper demonstrates, via physiological measures, men's sports garner more cognitive effort while it is women's sports that are actually remembered better. Also discussed is how men's and women's sports do not elicit any significant differences in physiological arousal, but still have differences in self-reported arousal.