INTERNET的负效应

本文从ＩＮＴＥＲＮＥＴ网络技术、文化、知识产权、安全和冗余信息等方面对ＩＮＴＥＲＮＥＴ的负效应作了初步探讨。     

Parental Mediation of Children's Internet Use

This article examines parental regulation of children and teenagers' online activities. A national survey of 1511 children and 906 parents found that 12–17-year-olds encounter a range of online risks. Parents implement a range of strategies, favoring active co-use and interaction rules over technical restrictions using filters or monitoring software, but these were not necessarily effective in reducing risk. Parental restriction of online peer-to-peer interactions was associated with reduced risk but other mediation strategies, including the widely practiced active co-use, were not. These findings challenge researchers to identify effective strategies without impeding teenagers' freedom to interact with their peers online.     

Your Right to Privacy and Children's Rights/Family Law

No abstract available for this article.     

互联网与儿童身体形态的嬗变

对于信息时代的儿童而言,互联网已不仅是一般意义上的工具——它既是儿童生命体的延伸,又是儿童心理成长的新型场域。借助虚拟现实技术和个人化电子装置,儿童的身体在不断再造的过程中呈出种种异态:生理身体可以无限延伸,文化身体的型构不再契合生理身体生长的线性序列,技术身体的临场可以取代生理身体的在场。     

Measuring Exposure to Direct-to-Consumer Advertising: A Validation Study in the Context of Cancer-Related Treatment Advertising

This research examines two recurrent conceptual issues of measuring media exposure in survey research—content specificity of survey items and whether exemplars should be provided to aid recall. In two population-based surveys, we evaluated three candidate measures of cancer patients’ self-reported exposure to cancer-related direct-to-consumer advertising (CR-DTCA); these measures varied in content specificity and provision of ad exemplars. All three measures performed equally well in terms of internal consistency, convergent, nomological, and discriminant validity. Increased content specificity or ad exemplars did not improve performance of the exposure measures. Participants were able to extrapolate from ad exemplars to report their exposure to broad categories of CR-DTCA. The briefest of the three measures posed the lowest level of survey costs and was deployed successfully for mailed and internet-based survey administration. We discussed future directions for application of these findings in DTCA research for other illness and for media exposure research more generally.     

Linking Exposure to Outcomes: Early Adolescents' Consumption of Sexual Content in Six Media

A media-use questionnaire was completed by 3,261 7th and 8th graders and a subsample of 1,074 respondents was interviewed about their sexual attitudes and behaviors. Based on results from the media survey, respondents' top television shows, movies, music, Internet sites, and newspapers were content analyzed for portrayals or references to pubertal development, romantic relationships, body exposure or nudity, sexual innuendo, touching and kissing, and sexual intercourse. Overall, 11% of the media used by respondents contained sexual content. A measure called the Sexual Media Diet (SMD) was developed to assess each individual's exposure to sexual content in the media, based on the combination of media consumption and content. The SMD measure showed a statistically significant association with adolescents' sexual activity and future intentions to be sexually active, with measures of movie and music exposure showing the strongest associations.     

Repetition Increases Children's Comprehension of Television Content—Up to a Point

Two studies examined the effects of repeated viewing on children's comprehension of videos. In Study 1, 72 children aged 6–8 watched The Sword in the Stone. Afterwards, children who had seen the film before were compared with those for whom the film was novel. In Study 2, 291 children aged 4–8, watched one of two versions of a short story in which the main character's appearance was incongruous with her behavior. Children were tested after one or four exposures. Results of both studies indicated that repetition reduced initial developmental differences in comprehension and helped younger children inhibit the perceptual salience of characters’ appearance. However, children's understanding of the more complex causal sequences and the moral of the film in Study 1 remained low, despite prior exposure.     

移动互联网环境下品牌信息内容呈现对消费者参与影响的理论模型研究

[目的/意义] 针对移动互联网环境下网络信息平台消费者参与质量问题,建立品牌信息内容呈现影响消费者参与的理论模型,详细探讨其影响机理,为网络信息平台持续发展提供参考。[方法/过程] 借鉴环境心理学的S-O-R模型研究范式,引入品牌认知和品牌情感两种消费者内在状态作为影响中介,分析移动互联网背景下品牌信息内容呈现对品牌认知、品牌情感以及消费者参与的影响模型和作用机理。[结果/结论] 初步构建不同种类品牌信息内容呈现影响消费者参与的理论模型,深入剖析相应影响机理,为品牌信息内容呈现管理实践和理论研究提供借鉴。     

“内容为王”的历史语境与认识误区

在新闻学界和业界,“内容为王”都有广泛的知名度和号召力.作为这个口号的创造者和倡导者,维亚康姆董事长雷石东有详细的阐述,但在之后的传播过程中,人们往往忽略了其背后支撑系统中的关键信息.文章认为,大众传播的时代背景和维亚康姆的整体优势为这一口号的传播提供了牢固的支撑,建议中国媒体从渠道拓展、大公司战略和内容的优先国际化等方面补充认识.     

网络传播环境下的中国广播发展

本文以网络音频传播的近期发展为背景,考察了国内传统广播电台面临的变动和挑战,对网络传播与传统广播传播的互动和影响提出分析和讨论。本文认为,国内主流广播电台始终在努力融入网络传播领域,尽力扩大活动空域,但是面对科技进步带来的冲击,广播体制改革创新的重要性愈发明显。网络时代的传统广播需要发挥新闻传播优势,并加强自身体制改革创新。     

Segmenting the Electorate: The Effects of Exposure to Political Extremism Online

The Internet provides people with an opportunity to preselect the ideological perspective of the political content they encounter, allowing them to fragment themselves into narrow interest groups and ultimately polarize along ideological lines. This study seeks to test the extremism portion of the fragmentation thesis: that if individuals sort into cocoons of homogeneous perspectives their attitudes will polarize and greater political extremism will result. A random sample of students was exposed to one of four experimental conditions: ideologically homogeneous and highly conservative media, ideologically homogenous and highly liberal content, moderate content, and a condition that included media from each of the three prior conditions. The results demonstrated that exposure to ideological homogeneity did drive attitude extremism in the conservative condition but not in the liberal condition. The moderate condition reduced extremism and the mixed condition demonstrated no significant attitude change. This article concludes that, given media fragmentation, greater extremism is possible. However, this result was only evident in the conservative condition.     

Measuring Exposure to Media with Antisocial and Prosocial Content: An Extended Version of the Content-based Media Exposure Scale (C-ME2)

The present research developed a measure for exposure to both antisocial and prosocial media content by revising and extending a previous Content-based Media Exposure Scale (C-ME). The validity and reliability of the C-ME2 was tested in two independent samples (N = 678), among young adults (Study 1) and adolescents (Study 2). Results of Confirmatory Factor Analyses showed good fit, in both studies, for both antisocial and prosocial dimensions of media content, and for both males and females. Furthermore, the C-ME2 explains unique variance beyond previous measures of violent and general media exposure. Evidence is presented of reliability, discriminant and predictive validity of the C-ME2, measuring both frequency and exposure to specific content of media. The C-ME2 covers all media platforms, is easy to use in all research designs, and allows for standardization and systematic comparisons across studies.     

Affective Responses and Exposure to Frightening Films: The Role of Empathy and Different Types of Content

Young adults (N = 172) completed questionnaires that measured empathy, affective responses and exposure to frightening films, and perceptions of how aspects of scary content (suffering, danger, excitement, and a happy ending) affect enjoyment. Empathic concern was associated with less enjoyment of suffering, but more enjoyment of danger, excitement, and happy endings. Enduring negative affect was associated with higher personal distress and less enjoyment of suffering. Exposure to frightening films was associated with lower personal distress, more enjoyment of danger, and less enjoyment of happy endings. Interpretations of the findings are discussed.     

Polarization as a Function of Citizen Predispositions and Exposure to News on the Internet

Observers of democratic polities decry a seeming increase in social and political polarization. This article outlines the conditions under which Internet-based news exposure can facilitate polarization. Analyses of data from a nationally representative United States panel study reveal that frequency of news consumption over the Internet can widen disagreements between Democrats and Republicans over a wide range of social and political issues. The results reveal few signs of a similar Internet news exposure effect for disagreement linked to race and income. These findings point to some possible mechanisms of, and limitations to, processes driving social and political polarization.     

我国网络内容政策法规的文本分析

[目的/意义]描述并分析我国网络内容政策法规的基本信息和文本内容，了解其存在的问题和不足，与主要发达国家网络内容政策法规予以对比，给出相应解决办法，为我国网络内容治理提供法制保障。[方法/过程]在政府门户网站和政策法规专业数据库中搜索网络内容政策法规，经筛选，共得到有效样本202个。将所得数据导入Nvivo11，采用内容分析法从颁布时间、颁布主体、颁布形式三个角度对我国网络内容政策法规文本的基本信息予以探索，并从网络内容主体和网络内容客体两个维度对政策法规文本内容展开分析。同时，对政策法规颁布主体进行共词分析，采用社交网络分析法利用VOSviewer软件绘制政策法规颁布主体合作网络图。[结果/结论]研究发现我国网络内容政策法规存在颁布主体多元、立法层级低和政策法规内容科学性有待提升等问题，通过与主要发达国家网络内容政策法规的对比分析，建议从改革管理体制、加快重点领域立法、完善网络服务提供者相关规定、明确违法内容判定标准四个角度予以完善。     

论网络环境下旅游产业的信息服务

文章探讨了传统旅游业与网络环境下旅游产业对旅游消费者信息需求的满足程度的变迁。分别论述了网络环境下旅游代理商、供应商、政府管理部门为旅游消费者提供全方位、多元化、个性化信息服务的举措，以最大限度地满足旅游消费者的需求，从而把握我国旅游业生存与发展的关键。     

从“整治互联网低俗之风”看网络媒体的社会责任

目前,我国网络媒体社会责任的缺乏具体表现在低俗之风蔓延、虚假新闻不断、网络侵权经常发生、网络舆论导向出现偏差等方面.网络媒体背后的经济利益以及我国网络媒介素养偏低等是造成网络媒体社会责任缺失的重要原因.     

Exposure to HIV/AIDS-Related Media Content and HIV Testing Intention: Applying the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction

Despite considerable evidence of an association between mass communication efforts and HIV testing behavior, the mechanisms through which this association may be established have been less extensively studied. Drawing on the integrative model of behavioral prediction, this study assessed the relationship between exposure to HIV/AIDS-related media content, individual intention to be tested for HIV, and the psychosocial variables mediating the relationship among 986 urban and rural residents of northwest Ethiopia. Structural equation modeling revealed that the relationship between exposure to HIV/AIDS-related media content and HIV testing intention was partially mediated by the three psychosocial variables associated with the integrative model (attitude, normative, and self-efficacy beliefs). However, whereas exposure to HIV/AIDS media content was found to be associated most substantially with attitudes toward HIV testing, intention to be tested was found mainly to be influenced by normative beliefs, which suggests that there is a possible mismatch between mass media programming and the prevailing psychosocial processes within the study population. The relationship between exposure to HIV/AIDS-related media content and HIV testing intention was also found to be mediated differently across urban and rural groups. Thus, it appears that the two groups may require different types of intervention to promote the desired behavior.     

引文上下文在文献内容分析中的信息价值研究

以引文上下文为研究对象,探讨来自于引文上下文、目标文献摘要以及目标文献自标医学主题词（下称主题词）三者间的符合程度,定量分析引文上下文在表征目标文献内容特征时的作用。以被Circulation杂志高频引证的5篇研究类论文作为目标文献,提取其施引文献的全部引文上下文,并对其进行分词及主题词匹配;将其结果与目标文献摘要提取的主题词以及文献自标的主题词进行两两比较。结果表明,引文上下文与目标文献摘要具有较高的符合度,而且在表征被引文献内容特征的效果上明显具有优势。