早籼稻谷替代玉米的肉牛饲粮在瘤胃中有机物降解规律的研究

本试验采用尼龙袋技术研究了用早籼稻谷替代玉米的肉牛饲粮中有机物在瘤胃中的降解规律，试验处理为早籼稻谷分别替代肉牛饲粮中0％、50％、75％、100％玉米四个替代水平的饲粮。结果表明：1、四组饲粮有机物动态降解率分别为69．87％、67．08％、63．89％和64．42％；2、随早籼稻谷替代水平的增高，有机物潜在的可消化组分比例不断降低；3、各组饲粮有机物消失率观察值对动态消化模拟方程(P=a b-be^ct)的拟合度高(R^2=0.973～0.996)。     

初二(下)代数期末试题

一、填空题（每小题２分，共２８分） １．６４的平方根是＿。 ２．若３＝１．７３２，３０＝５．４７７，则０. ００３＝＿。 ３．使ａ－２＋３２－ａ有意义的ａ的值为。 ４．若ａ２＝（ａ）２时，ａ为数。 ５．若最简二次根式３ｂ－１（ａ＋１）与４ｂ－ａ是同类二次根式，则ａ＝＿，ｂ＝＿。 ６．化简（１－２）２＝＿；当ａ＜－２时（ａ－２）２＋（ａ＋１）＝＿。 ７．２－ｘ＝８则ｘ＝＿；则ｘ＝＿Ｘ３＝０．１２５．则ｘ＝。 ８．比较大小：４５＿５３，３－２＿　。 ９．２－５的有理化因式是＿，倒数是＿。 １０．若３ａ＋１＋｜ｂ…     

非负数的性质及应用

非负数的有关性质是代数中十分重要的性质，它在解题中有着较为广泛的应用．现举例说明非负数的性质在解代数题中的应用，供同学们学习时参考．非负数的性质：若ｘｌ＋ｘ２＋…＋ｘｎ＝０，且ｘｌ≥０，ｘ２≥０，…，ｘｎ≥０，则ｘｌ＝０，ｘ２＝０，…，ｘｎ＝０．此与类似，当｜ａ｜＋｜ｂ｜＝０时，总有ａ＝０且ｂ＝０；当时，总有ａ＝０且ｂ＝０；若ａ～（２ｎ）＋ｂ～（２ｎ）＝０（ｎ为自然数），则ａ＝０，ｂ＝０．例１　已知（ａ—１）２＋（ｂ＋１）２＝０，求（ａｂ）～（１９９７）的值．分析（ａ－１）２≥０，（ｂ＋１）２≥…     

美玉亦有瑕:对'99试题的几点意见

１．第（７）题应给出示意图,或者加上“水平放置”四个字;第（１６）题中最后的问句若改为“不同的种植方法共有多少种？”也许更明确一些．２．第（２２）题（Ⅰ）解答欠妥．“若每对轧辊的减薄率不超过ｒ０”,并不可以假设减薄率均等且设为ｒ０,厚度当然也不构成等比数列．设经过ｎ对轧辊减薄后厚度为ａｎ,则ａ０＝α,ａｎ＝β,ａ０－ａ１ａ０≤ｒ０,ａ１ａ０≥１－ｒ０＞０,同样ａ２ａ１≥１－ｒ０＞０,…,ａｎａｎ－１≥１－ｒ０＞０,所以ａｎ≥ａ０（１－ｒ０）ｎ,即β≥α（１－ｒ０）ｎ,下同标准解答．此外,本题（…     

错在哪里

题 已知函数ｆ（ｘ）的定义域为（０，１），求函数ｇ（ｘ）＝ｆ（ｘ＋ａ）ｆ（ｘ—ａ）（ａ≤０）的定义域。 解　ｆ（ｘ）的定义域为（０，１）， （１）当ａ＝０时，ｘ∈（０，１）； （２）当ａ＜－１／２时，－ａ≥１＋ａ，ｘ∈φ； （３）当－１／２≤ａ＜０时．－ａ≤１     

因式分解的应用

恒等变形在数学解题中几乎处处碰到．利用因式分解是进行恒等变形的一种很重要的数学方法。它的应用极为广泛，这里就同学们已学过的知识内容谈几点应用．一、数值计算例１若ａ＝－２，ｂ＝０．２，求代数式［（ａ２＋２ａｂ－８ｂ２）÷（ａ－２ｂ）－（６ａ２＋ａｂ－ｂ２）÷（２ａ＋ｂ）］÷　的值．解原式＝［（ａ＋４ｂ）（ａ－２ｂ）÷（ａ－２ｂ）－（３ａ－ｂ）（２ａ＋ｂ）÷（２ａ十ｂ）］·２ａ＝［（ａ＋４ｂ）－（３ａ－ｂ）］·２ａ－（－２ａ＋５ｂ）·２ａ∵ａ＝－２，ｂ＝０．２，∴原式＝［－２×（－２）＋５×０．２］…     

活用a^2＋b^2≥2ab的变式证明一类不等式

不等式ａ２＋ｂ２≥２ａｂ是我们最熟悉的基本不等式，它有许多变式：（１）ａ２＋ｂ２≥１２（ａ＋ｂ）２；（２）（ａ＋ｂ）２≥４ａｂ；（３）１ａ＋１ｂ≥４ａ＋ｂ（ａ＞０，ｂ＞０）；（４）ａｂ＋ｂａ≥２（ａｂ＞０）；（５）ａ２ｂ≥２ａ－ｂ（ａ≥０，ｂ＞０）；（６）ａ３ｂ≥２ａ２－ａｂ≥３２ａ２－１２ｂ２（ａ≥０，ｂ＞０）．以上６个不等式当且仅当ａ＝ｂ时取等号．这６个变式的证明都较简单，下面通过举例仅介绍变式（５）、（６）的应用．例１　已知ａ＞１，ｂ＞１，ｃ＞１，求证：ａ２ｂ－１＋ｂ２ｃ－１＋ｃ２ａ－１≥…     

分式求值的几种方法

对于某些分式求值的题目，若能根据其结构特点，选择适当的方法进行运算，常可使运算简便．举例如下：一、整体代入法例１已知ａ＋ｂ＋ｃ＝３，ａｂ＋ｂｅ＋ｃａ＝２，求　　的值．解原式＝例２若　　　　　　则　　（１９９４年天津市中考试题）解　设　　　　则ａ＝２ｋ，ｂ＝３ｋ，ｃ＝４ｋ．于是三、裂项相消法即把代数式的各项拆成符号相反的两项，利用正、负项相消消去一部分项，使剩下的项便于计算求值．例３　若　则解由已知条件可得ａ－１＝０且ａｂ－２＝０，于是ａ＝１，ｂ＝２．原式＝四、因式分解法例４已知（１９９０年四川省…     

用完全平方公式进行根式运算

完全平方公式（ａ±ｂ）２＝ａ２±２ａｂ＋ｂ２是数学中一个重要公式，应用非常广泛．现举几例说明这个公式在根式运算中的应用．例１已知则（１９９５年宁夏中考试题）解　逆用完全平方公式，得例２　如果ｘ２＋ｙ２－４ｘ－２ｙ＋５＝０，求的值．（１９９４年宁夏中考试题）解　把已知等式左边配方，得（ｘ２－４ｘ＋４）＋（ｙ２－２ｙ＋１）＝０．即（ｘ－２）２＋（ｙ－１）２＝０．由非负数的性质，得ｘ＝２，ｙ＝１．原式例３已知，那么的值等于（）ｖｘｖｙｚｘｙ（Ａ）子；（Ｂ）斗；（Ｃ）士；（Ｄ）手．（１９９４年济南市中考…     

挖掘ａ＋ｂ＋ｃ＝０的一个不等关系解题

在数学解题中；经常碰到已知条件为ａ＋ｂ＋ｃ＝０，求取值范围、最值等问题，这时若把此条件转化为不等关系ｂ＾２≥４ａｃ（因ｂ＾２－４ａｃ＝［—（ａ十ｃ）］＾２—４ａｃ＝（ａ—ｃ）’≥０）去解题，往往能收到事半功倍之效，下面举例说明．     

一株毒死蜱降解菌的固定化条件优化研究

采用在50 m L三角瓶中定量添加毒死蜱药液和固定化菌的方法研究了不同包埋条件对固定化蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)降解毒死蜱的影响,最后将固定化条件进行了正交试验的优化。结果表明,游离化菌体的菌龄为20 h对初始浓度为50mg/L毒死蜱的降解率达最高。从降解曲线得出,海藻酸钠固定化菌降解毒死蜱的反应时间为24h时降解率达75.4%;菌体和海藻酸钠溶胶的包埋比为1∶20对毒死蜱的降解率达最高为76.8%;随着成型剂Ca Cl2浓度的增大,固定化菌对毒死蜱的降解率先上升后下降,Ca Cl2浓度为2%对毒死蜱的降解率达最大为82.6%,海藻酸钠溶胶浓度为3%对初始浓度为50 mg/L毒死蜱的降解率达最大为85.7%。通过正交试验得出,海藻酸钠浓度(A)、Ca Cl2浓度(B)和固定化时间(C)三者对固定化菌降解毒死蜱的影响都达到显著水平(P0.05),影响次序依次为CAB,最优水平分别为海藻酸钠浓度3.0%、Ca Cl2浓度1.5%和固定化时间32 h。因此,固定化蜡状芽孢杆菌对毒死蜱的降解率较高,在毒死蜱水体污染的降解去毒方面具有的应用价值较大。     

Evaluation of virtual microscopy in medical histology teaching

Histology stands as a major discipline in the life science curricula, and the practice of teaching it is based on theoretical didactic strategies along with practical training. Traditionally, students achieve practical competence in this subject by learning optical microscopy. Today, students can use newer information and communication technologies in the study of digital microscopic images. A virtual microscopy program was recently introduced at Ghent University. Since little empirical evidence is available concerning the impact of virtual microscopy (VM) versus optical microscopy (OM) on the acquisition of histology knowledge, this study was set up in the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. A pretest‐post test and cross‐over design was adopted. In the first phase, the experiment yielded two groups in a total population of 199 students, Group 1 performing the practical sessions with OM versus Group 2 performing the same sessions with VM. In the second phase, the research subjects switched conditions. The prior knowledge level of all research subjects was assessed with a pretest. Knowledge acquisition was measured with a post test after each phase (T1 and T2). Analysis of covariance was carried out to study the differential gain in knowledge at T1 and T2, considering the possible differences in prior knowledge at the start of the study. The results pointed to non‐significant differences at T1 and at T2. This supports the assumption that the acquisition of the histology knowledge is independent of the microscopy representation mode (VM versus OM) of the learning material. The conclusion that VM is equivalent to OM offers new directions in view of ongoing innovations in medical education technology. Anat Sci Educ 6: 307–315. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

Fe(Ⅲ)-EDTA/H_2O_2催化光降解苯酚模拟废水

研究UV254光照下,Fe(Ⅲ)-EDTA/H2O2对苯酚的催化光降解效能。首先考察反应时间、溶液初始pH值、Fe(Ⅲ)与EDTA的浓度比值对UV/Fe(Ⅲ)-EDTA催化光降解苯酚的影响,进而考察UV/Fe(Ⅲ)-EDTA/H2O2体系对苯酚的降解效能。结果表明:当溶液pH为7,Fe(Ⅲ)/EDTA浓度比值为1:1时,经过1h反应,UV/Fe(Ⅲ)-EDTA体系对苯酚的催化光降解效率达61.13%。在溶液初始pH为3⁷时,UV/Fe(Ⅲ)-EDTA对苯酚的降解率均可达60%以上。在中性条件下,UV/Fe(Ⅲ)-EDTA体系添加H2O2后可把苯酚的降解率从61.13%提高到91.30%。反应前后溶液的紫外扫描光谱表明光降解过程中苯酚的苯环共轭结构被破坏。最后对UV/Fe(Ⅲ)-EDTA/H2O2体系催化光降解机理进行了初步探讨。     

Effects of neutral phytase on growth performance and phosphorus utilization in crucian carp (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Carassius auratus</Emphasis>)

A feeding trial was conducted for nine weeks to investigate the effects of partially replacing Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ with neutral phytase on the growth performance, phosphorus utilization, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical parameters, bone and carcass mineral composition, and digestive-enzyme-specific activity in crucian carp (Carassius auratus). The diets prepared with 0.8%, 0%, and 1.8% Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ (1%=1 g/100 g) supplements were regarded as the P₁E₀, negative control (NC), and positive control (PC) groups, respectively; the other three experimental diets were prepared with the addition of 200, 300, and 500 U/kg of neutral phytase, respectively, based on the P₁E₀ group. Three hundred and eighty-four fish ((1.50±0.01) g) were randomly distributed in the six treatments with four replicates each. The fish were initially fed with 2%–3% diets of their body weight per day, with feeding twice daily (08:00 and 16:00), under a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle at the temperature of (27.56±0.89) °C. The results showed that supplemental phytase at different levels in the diet improved the final body weight, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, phosphorus utilization, and protein efficiency ratio of crucian carp (P<0.05). Phytase supplementation increased the mineral content in serum (P), bone (P, Ca), and carcass (P, Ca, Zn, Na, and Mg) (P<0.05); the trypsin and chymotrypsin activity soared when fed with the phytase-supplemented diets (P<0.05). We may conclude that supplemental dietary neutral phytase improved the growth performance, phosphorus utilization as well as nutrient utilization in crucian carp, and it can be considered an important nutritional replacement for Ca(H₂PO₄)₂.     

枝状PBS基脂肪族聚酯的合成和降解研究

合成了枝状PBS基脂肪族聚酯——聚丁二酸丁二醇酯-共-聚丁二酸1,2丙二醇酯P(BS-co-1,2-PS),并用土壤培养液法对P(BS-co-1,2-PS)及PBS进行降解,用X射线衍射对材料的结晶度进行了测定,通过失重率的变化和表面形貌观察对降解程度进行表征分析。结果表明,结晶度的变化顺序为PBSP(BS-co-1,2-PS)-10%P(BS-co-1,2-P S)-20%P(BS-co-1,2-P S)-30%,降解性能的变化顺序为P(BS-co-1,2-P S)-30%P(BS-co-1,2-PS)-20%P(BS-co-1,2-PS)-10%PBS,由此得出,随着1,2丙二醇添加量的增大,P(BS-co-1,2-PS)共聚酯主链结构对称性降低,结晶性能减弱,结晶度减小,降解性能增大。     

辉光放电等离子体降解生物染料橙黄G

利用辉光放电等离子体技术降解橙黄G偶氮染料废水,借助紫外光谱分析了其降解过程,考察了多种因素对其降解效果的影响.结果表明,提高染料初始浓度和电解质浓度可提高橙黄G的降解率.改变溶液的初始pH值,橙黄G的降解率随溶液的初始pH值升高而增加.橙黄G降解60min后,无催化剂时,降解率达到71.68%;在催化剂Fe^2＋和Mn^2＋存在时降解率达到92.48%和89.69%,COD去除率为95.85%和63.44%;H2O2存在时,降解率达到78.91%.     

Measurement and analysis of soil nitrogen and organic matter content using near-infrared spectroscopy techniques

Near infrared reflectance （N1R） spectroscopy is as a rapid, convenient and simple nondestructive technique useful for quantifying several soil properties. This method was used to estimate nitrogen （N） and organic matter （OM） content in a soil of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou County. A total of 125 soil samples were taken from the field. Ninety-five samples spectra were used during the calibration and cross validation stage. Thirty samples spectra were used to predict N and OM concentration. NIR spectra of these samples were correlated using partial least square regression. The regression coefficients between measured and predicted values of N and OM was 0.92 and 0.93, and SEP （standard error of prediction） were 3.28 and 0.06, respectively, which showed that NIR method had potential to accurately predict these constituents in this soil. The results showed that NIR spectroscopy could be a good tool for precision farming application.     

太阳光下La~(3+)掺杂TiO_2纳米粒子光催化降解亚甲基蓝的动力学研究

利用酸催化的快速溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel)制备了一系列不同La3+掺杂量(x=0.01%～3%)的TiO2复合光催化剂;在太阳光条件下,以亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化降解为模型反应,研究了染料的光催化降解动力学行为,考察了催化剂投加量和La3+掺杂量对复合光催化剂活性的影响.结果表明,亚甲基蓝的光催化降解反应遵循Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学模型,表观反应速率常数随着反应体系中催化剂用量和La3+掺杂量的不同而不同,均存在一个最佳值.在本实验条件下,当催化剂投加量为1.5g/L,La3+掺杂量为0.5%时,测得表观反应速率常数为2.1.×10-2mg(L·min)-1,反应120min后亚甲基蓝的降解率可达91.55%.     

CaTiO3：Pr发光材料的低温固相法合成及其发光性能

以钛酸四丁酯和硝酸钙为原料,用改进的固相反应法成功合成了CaTiO3：Pr红色荧光粉.为了提高这种荧光粉的发光性能,加入铝离子作为电荷补偿剂,硼酸作为助熔剂,以及加入锌离子和镁离子替代一部分钙离子,并对其发光性能的影响进行了研究.采用X射线衍射、荧光分光光度计和扫描电镜研究了CaTiO3：Pr的物相组成,发光性质和颗粒形貌.结果表明一定量的硼酸、铝离子、镁离子、锌离子能够有效的提高CaTiO3：Pr红色荧光粉发光强度.余辉曲线和发光亮度表明当硼酸与硝酸钙的物质的量之比为0.3,铝离子与硝酸钙的物质的量之比为0.001时Ca0.8Zn0.2TiO3：Pr,Ca0.9Mg0.1TiO3：Pr样品具有最佳的发光性能.     

不同分子量壳聚糖的制备及其抑菌性能的研究

本实验在超声波条件下用过氧化氢降解壳聚糖制备低分子量壳聚糖,研究了过氧化氢用量、温度、时间、pH值等对壳聚糖溶液粘均分子量的影响,并对降解产物进行红外光谱分析。探讨了降解产物对大肠杆菌、白色念珠菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌性能。实验结果表明,超声波协同过氧化氢氧化降解壳聚糖的较适宜条件为:1%(w/v)的壳聚糖溶液,加入3%(v/v)的过氧化氢溶液,pH值约为5.0,数控超声清洗仪工作功率为80%,频率为40kHz,温度设定为(50.0±2.0)℃,随着降解时间不同可得到不同粘均分子量的壳聚糖。降解得到的产物对三种细菌均有抑制生长的效果,其中粘均分子量为5.0×104的壳聚糖的抑菌能力最强,且对大肠杆菌的抑制作用最强。