让科学成为孩子们的最爱

让孩子们在"玩"中学科学,不但可以减轻学生的学习压力,还可以使学生在"玩"中感受到学习科学的无穷乐趣.为此每位教师应认真研究分析教材.结合教材特点和学生的年龄特点,多为学生创设"玩"的课堂.     

高职院校以学生党建促学风建设的思考

高职院校学生党建工作与学风建设密不可分,学生党建是学风建设的思想和组织保证,而学风建设是开展学生党建工作的平台.高职院校应高度重视学生党建工作在学风建设中的地位,充分发挥基层党组织的主导作用,以学生党建为突破口.促进学风建设.加大学生党建力度,在"三观"上寻求突破;发挥学生党建优势,在"机制"上寻求创新;强化学生党员管理,在"示范"上寻求效应.     

个性化阅读要注重"三导"

引导学生进行个性化阅读是小学语文教学的重要途径.学生在个性化阅读中,能读出对文本的独特理解.能在读的过程中发展思维.但是,让学生进行个性化阅读并不是"放羊式"地让学生读,在这个过程中,教师的"导"非常重要.只有教师正确地"导",学生的个性化阅读才会有目的,才会有方向.     

职高教学重在“全面转差”

从某种角度说,普高教学重在"培优",研究如何让学生"学好"的问题.而职高教学生在"转差",研究如何让学生"想学"的问题.与普高学生相比,我们职高的学生在学习方面基本属于"无兴趣、无方法、无习惯"的"三无"学生.让他们真正"想学""乐学"到"学会"实在是一个大难题.     

设计源于"轻负",改编呈现"高质"——谈"轻负高质"下的高中数学例题设计

例题在数学教学中起着衔接数学知识与学生的作用,是学生内化数学知识的基础平台.例题的设计需要本着"轻负"的思想,以让不同学生在自己的"最近发展区"内有所收获;例题的改编需要坚持以学生的思维为主线,让学生的思维驱动例题形式的变化.无论是设计还是改编,对"轻负"与"高质"的追求,都是建立在数学知识.学生与考试关系平衡的基础之上的.     

试谈初中《思想品德》教学中"留白"艺术的运用

新课程教材中的"留白"给师生创设了无限遐想和创造的空间,有利于诱导学生发散思维,上下求索.课堂中的"留白"有利于发挥学生的主体性,使学生拥有从事科学活动的机会,能让学生有提出自己见解的机会.在学生反思中的"留白"能促进每一个学生积极发展.     

浅谈小学作文教学的"四放"

一、减少束缚,让学生放开说 作文教学中要减少对学生思维的束缚,让学生跳出教师预设的"框框",放手让学生在习作前"说一说".比如,我布置学生写"植树"的作文,先安排学生参加植树活动,讲清种树的要求和方法,然后引导学生开展"说"的活动,要求学生说自己在什么时间、什么地点种了什么树、怎么种的,心里怎么想的.小学生争强好胜,发言特别踊跃.这时候要学生以"植树"为题作文,便是水到渠成,瓜熟蒂落.由此看出,在习作前组织一些"说"的活动,可以让学生在自然、宽松、和谐的氛围中无拘无束、敢说敢写、自由奔放地进入习作状态.     

课堂教学中的『出乎意料』与反思

日常数学教学中,学生在课堂上"出乎意料"的回答往往会给教师留下深刻的印象.在学生"出乎意料"的回答过程中,教师可以捕捉到学生创新意识的火花,领略到学生智慧的闪光点.     

自学——获取知识的金钥匙

本文从"对学生的预习进行指导"、"在预习中培养自学能力"、"在课堂上培养学生自学能力"、"在课后小结中培养自学能力"这四个方面,阐述了新课改条件下如何培养学生自学能力.一、对学生的预习进行指导课前预习是学生学好新课,高效率地取得学习成绩的基础.课前预习做得好,上课时,学生对重难点和关键点早已心中有数,这样便可以集中精力去攻破重难点,学得更轻松.但是盲目的预习带来利少弊多.我在对学生进行预习目的性教育的基础上,又进行了一     

浅析小学语文提问意识的培养策略

最精湛的教学艺术,遵循的最高准则就是让学生自己提问题。在实际教学中,教师应该怎样去引导学生提出问题呢?作者对此进行了几点探索,作出如下总结:1.尊重情感,使学生有"疑"敢"问"。2.激发兴趣,使学生想"疑"乐"问"。3.施展空间,让学生见"疑"必"究"。4.授其方法,使学生有"疑"善"问".     

钦州湾表层海水温度盐度及pH值时空变化

根据2009年春夏秋冬4个季节调查资料,分析钦州湾表层海水温度、盐度及pH值的季节变化和分布特征。结果表明：钦州湾海水平均温度春季20．4℃,夏季30．1℃,秋季16．0℃,冬季14．6℃,变化特征与气温的季节变化相同,空间分布为夏秋季河口区的水温都略高于湾口区,而春冬季则相反。海水平均盐度春季20．067,夏季17．975,秋季23．864,冬季23．660,表现为秋季〉冬季〉春季〉夏季,各季节空间分布总体表现为河口区低,湾口区高的趋势。海水pH平均值春季7．82,夏季8．11,秋季8．01,冬季8．10,全年空间分布高值区均出现在大风江口外海域。钦州湾海水比较适宜大蚝、对虾、文蛤等广温广盐性品种的海水养殖。     

20世纪90年代我国区域高等教育公平与效率变化的实证研究

公平和效率是各国高等教育发展中存在的重要问题之一。一般认为公平和效率在理论上和宏观上是可以统一的，并能够得到协调发展和可持续发展。然而，从微观和实践层面上分析却往往会发现存在一种矛盾现象，似乎是一个不可调和的两难问题。我国省(市)高等教育发展的公平与效率就是当前急需关注的一个典型的、具体的问题。通过对反映我国1999年和2000年各省(市)高等教育和经济发展状况的多指标进行聚类、相关等统计分析，考察了我国20世纪90年代高等教育区域公平和效率的发展变化特征，并通过对二者量化关系的揭示，对我国省(市)20世纪90年代高等教育公平与效率问题进行了实证分析和评估，并对我国未来省(市)高等教育的进一步发展提出了相应的对策和建议。     

A comparative examination of schools' responses to bereavement and the associated needs of the school community in Galway,West of Ireland and Derry,Northern Ireland

The aim and objective of this study is to examine and compare how schools in Galway, Republic of Ireland and Derry in the North of Ireland (cities located within two independent jurisdictions in Ireland) manage and respond to bereavement. To carry out a survey of schools, the ‘Loss in Schools’ questionnaire is considered the most suitable tool. The questionnaire, which contains 10 questions designed to unearth pertinent issues including the needs and concerns of schools, had previously been administered in studies in Hull. Sixty questionnaires were administered in both Galway and Derry, with a return of 38 and 35, respectively. This study illuminates important aspects of the topic. The schools in both Galway and Derry rate bereavement (and parental separation) as highly important in terms of priorities. In terms of policy, some of the respondents in both study sites report that loss is included in their school's policy documents but not formally included in the curriculum. A designated staff member (who would speak to the pupil experiencing the death of a family member or significant other) is evident in 37% of Derry schools and 23% of Galway schools. Some members of staff in both study sites have attended training in bereavement, although the courses are relatively short term. Schools request assistance from other agencies outside the formal schools arena in times of need. In Galway the psychology services are most commonly consulted, while in Derry the Western Education and Library Board Bereavement Counselling teams and Cruse Bereavement Care are identified as additional resources from which help is sought. This paper outlines recommendations on schools' training needs in the area of child bereavement and the request for support to help further develop and formalise school policies.     

Trust in top management and immediate supervisor: The relationship to satisfaction,perceived organizational effectiveness,and information receiving

Utilizing 2068 individuals in 60 organizations in the U.S. and Italy, this study (a) examines the overall relationship between trust in top management and immediate supervisor and overall estimates of satisfaction and perceived organizational effectiveness, (b) compares the amount of variance in satisfaction and effectiveness that can be explained by trust in top management to the amount of variance explained by trust in immediate supervisor, and (c) clarifies the role of information receiving as a predictor of trust in top management and immediate supervisor. Results of a canonical correlation analysis indicated that the canonical equation explained 49% of the variance in the linear composites (Canonical R = .69, p < .001). Trust in top management was more strongly associated with satisfaction and effectiveness than was trust in immediate supervisor. Tzvo separate multiple regression analyses indicated that after controlling for geographic location of company and type of industry, information received about job and organizational issues uniquely explained 26% of the variance in trust in top management and 13% of the variance in trust in immediate supervisor.     

Towards Inclusion? Models of Behaviour Support in Secondary Schools in One Education Authority in Scotland

This article draws on data emerging from an evaluation of behaviour support strategies in secondary schools in an education authority in Scotland. The authors all work at the University of Glasgow. Jean Kane has research and teaching interests in the area of special educational needs; she offers consultancy to local authorities in the development of inclusive policies and practices in schools. Dr George Head has research and teaching interests in the area of social, emotional and behavioural difficulties and social inclusion; he is also an experienced teacher. Both Jean Kane and George Head are lecturers in the Faculty of Education. Nicola Cogan is a researcher at the Strathclyde Centre for Disability Research and has a background as a research psychologist in the health sector.
In Scotland, the growth of behaviour support provision is closely related to broader policy on social inclusion. It is argued in this article that new models of behaviour support can be developed in the light of previous and related experience in the development of inclusive support systems in schools. The authors present a typology of behaviour support, drawing upon their evaluation of provision, and discuss the characteristics of the types of support that emerge. Using data from exclusion statistics, pupil case studies and interviews with teachers, managers, pupils and parents, Jean Kane, George Head and Nicola Cogan explore the implications of their work for future developments in support for pupils who present difficult behaviours.     

北京话旁称代词的历时嬗变（1750—1950）（上）

自18世纪中叶到20世纪中叶,北京话旁称代词系统在句法、语义上呈现出了比较明显的发展变化,这种发展变化在三个时期的三部典型的北京话文献《红楼梦》《儿女英雄传》《正红旗下》中得到了充分的反映。就旁称代词系统而言,历时嬗变的发生轨迹是：由18世纪中叶的＂别人、人家、别人家、他人、旁人＂阵容切换到了19世纪中叶的＂人家、别人、他人、旁人＂阵容,并最终切换到了20纪中叶的＂别人、人家＂阵容,期间的此消彼长、删汰整合昭然。就旁称代词个体而言,历时嬗变的发生轨迹是：1.＂别人＂由18世纪的炙热到19世纪的没落,再到20世纪的重新走强;2＂.人家＂由18世纪的初露锋芒到19世纪的首度大大超越＂别人＂而一枝独秀,再到20世纪与＂别人＂的平分天下;3＂.他人＂这个曾经在相当长的时段内的旁称代词家族的宠儿由18世纪的颓势已现到19世纪的英雄末路,直至20世纪的难觅踪影;4.不温不火一路走来的＂旁人＂由18世纪的衰落到19世纪的走向没落,直至20世纪的淡出我们的视线;5.产生于元代的＂别人家＂由18世纪的衰弱到19世纪的没落,直至20世纪的只留存在部分方言中而在北京话中彻底消亡。     

水彩画中的光影魅力

从文艺复兴时期的写实水彩画到当代的趣味性水彩画,光与影一直伴随其间。通过对西方水彩画发展历史的概述和15、16世纪的德国,18、19世纪的英国,20世纪的美国等几个时期在光影处理方面具有鲜明特点的水彩艺术大师的作品分析,研究其光影处理技巧在作品中和所在时期创作中的作用,可以探索光影运用发展的意义,感悟水彩画中的光影魅力。     

Students' Argumentative Writing Skills in Science and First-Language Education: Commonalities and differences

The ability to build arguments is a crucial skill and a central educational goal in all school subjects including science as it enables students to formulate reasoned opinions and thus to cope with the increasing complexity of knowledge. In the present cross-sectional study, we examined the domain-specificity of argumentative writing in science by comparing it with a rather general type of argumentation as promoted in first-language education and with formal reasoning to gain insight into different forms of argumentation on theoretical and empirical levels. Using a paper-and-pencil test, we analyzed written argumentations and the reasoning abilities of 3,274 Grade-10 students in German secondary schools. Correlation and multiple regression analyses as well as a qualitative analysis of students' answers to a subset of tasks in the domains of science and first-language education were conducted. Results showed moderate relations between argumentation in science, argumentation in first-language education, and reasoning. Half of the variance in argumentation in science was explained by individual differences in argumentation in first-language education and reasoning. Furthermore, the examination of written arguments revealed differences, for example, in students' weighing of pros and cons. We assume that the familiarity of the underlying scientific information may play an essential role in the argumentation process and posit that it needs to be investigated in more detail. Overall, the study indicates that investigating the argumentational abilities of learners in first-language education and reasoning abilities can help to shed light on the domain-specificity of argumentation in science.     

公平与均衡：发展中国家教育变革的体制探析

均衡发展是发展教育的本质要求。教育体制在很大程度上直接规定了教育体系存在、运行和发展的基本方式,制约着教育资源的开发、配置以及教育各项社会功能的实现。世界各国教育存在方式和发展模式上的种种不同都相对集中地反映在其教育体制上。文章从体制层面来探析发展中国家的教育变革,力图为发展中国家教育变革的公平与均衡提供体制性保障,促进发展中国家的教育发展。     

港台作家作品中的熟语变异现象之我见

用普通话写作的港台作家作品中所用的熟语受到港台话的影响而发生变异。本讨论共同语的熟语在港台话中的语形变异和语义变异，提出并讨论其变异的方式，以求其沟通普通话和港台话对同义或同形熟语的相互理解。