Reasoning and self-awareness from adolescence to middle age: Organization and development as a function of education

This study involved four age groups: 13–15-, 23–25-, 33–35-, and 43–45-yr-olds. All adult groups involved persons with university education and persons with low education. Participants (1) solved tasks addressed to spatial, propositional, and social reasoning, (2) evaluated their own performance and the difficulty of the tasks, and (3) answered an inventory probing their self-concept for these reasoning domains and for self-awareness and self-regulation. Structural modeling revealed that performance, self-evaluation, and self-representation are systematically interrelated. Performance in spatial and propositional reasoning stabilized in early adulthood, whereas in social reasoning and self-evaluation, performance improved throughout the age span studied. Educated persons performed better and rated themselves accordingly across all domains. The implications of these findings for the general theory of intelligence and cognitive development after adolescence are discussed. The functional shift model is proposed to account for changes in the relative power of different abilities with increasing age.     

三唑酮+乙蒜素混剂对九重葛插穗生长的影响

用三唑酮(6.25%) 乙蒜素(93.75%)混合配制成160 m g/L至1 600 m g/L不同浓度的药剂(10种),对九重葛插穗浸泡处理3 h后扦插。实验结果,各种处理中最佳的插穗生根数、根长、根径的平均值分别为23.2根、20.5 mm、1.1 mm,最高成活率达到86.7%,所测生长指标与对照组的差异极显著(P<0.01)。在160 m g/L至400 m g/L范围,药剂的处理浓度与插穗的生根数、根长、根径以及成活率的关系均符合二次曲线模型(R2>0.98),而与枝叶的生长呈负相关(R2>0.95),但与对照的差异不显著。统计分析结果,三唑酮.乙蒜素混剂对九重葛插穗的最佳处理剂量为266 m g/L。     

新型生物流化床处理印染废水的序批式组合工艺研究

1Introduction Dyeingwastewaterisakindofindustrialwastewater whichisdifficulttotreat.Itcontainsnotonlyhigh concentrationsofbiggermolecules,e.g.,nitryland aminocompounds,butalsoalargeamountofheavy metals,whicharetoxiccompositionformostof micro organisms.The…     

党参粗提物对免疫青脚麻鸡血清抗体效价的影响

观察不同浓度的党参粗提物对青脚麻鸡血清中新城疫(ND)及传染性法氏囊炎(IBD)抗体效价的影响。400只1日龄青脚麻鸡随机均分4组,Ⅰ～Ⅳ组分别在饮水中添加0 g/L、0.5 g/L、1 g/L和2g/L的党参粗提物,14日龄开始给药,连续饮用6周,正常鸡新城疫和传染性法氏囊免疫。每周末各组随机抽样8只,心脏采血,分离血清,用微量血凝抑制实验(HI)测定ND抗体效价,琼脂扩散实验测定IBD抗体效价。结果表明,血清ND-HI抗体效价自28日龄起,IBD琼扩效价自35日龄起,党参各组较对照组均高出1～2个滴度以上,说明添加党参粗提物能够提高青脚麻鸡血清中ND-HI和IBD的抗体效价,其中中剂量药效为佳。     

磁流体对工业废水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附

采用共沉淀法制备了粒径为10nm的Fe3O4磁性微粒,分散于水中生成饱和磁化强度35mT的水基磁流体,用此磁流体对模拟与实际废水中Cr（Ⅵ）进行了吸附研究。结果表明,吸附的最佳实验条件为pH=3,温度为45℃,吸附时间为0．5h。用Langmuir等温模型和假二级动力学模型探讨了磁流体对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附机理,该过程为单离子层吸附。在最佳实验条件下,磁流体对实际制革废水中Cr（Ⅵ）的饱和吸附量达66．5mg／g,废水中残N／Cr（Ⅵ）浓度为0．2mg／L,低于工业废水排放的国家标准（0．5mg／L）。     

关于高温UASB-常温三相好氧生物流化床处理偶氮染料废水的研究

研究了组合工艺(高温55℃UASB反应器一常温三相好氧生物流化床)对含盐偶氮染料活性嫩黄X-6G的去除能效。试验结果表明:在水温为55℃,运行周期120d,水力停留时间18h的条件下,此工艺对于CODCr为600～1 000mg/L,含盐量为25～35g/L,活性嫩黄X-6G的浓度为40～50mg/L的染料废水,染料及CODCr的去除率可达80%～90%。     

柠檬酸改性竹屑吸附亚甲基蓝的动力学和热力学分析

为拓宽竹材剩余物的开发应用新途径。以竹屑为原料,柠檬酸为改性剂,制备了柠檬酸改性竹屑吸附剂,以亚甲基蓝（MB）为吸附对象,考察了pH、时间、吸附剂投量及吸附温度等对吸附剂吸附MB效果的影响,并对其吸附动力学和热力学进行了分析。结果表明：溶液pH增大,吸附剂对MB的吸附量增大,pH在5-9间变动,吸附剂对MB吸附量变化不大;染料初始浓度和吸附温度增加,吸附剂对MB吸附能力增强;在吸附120min,吸附达到平衡,吸附动力学过程符合二级动力学模型,吸附热力学过程符合Langmuir模型;在25℃、35℃、45℃时,吸附剂对MB的最大吸附量分别为106.38 mg/g、121.95 mg/g和125mg/g;竹屑吸附剂对MB的吸附过程是一个吸热的自发过程。     

CASS工艺应用于小城镇污水处理厂的工艺设计及效果分析

小城镇污水具有水质不稳定,可生化性好,污水中悬浮物浓度、氮和磷的含量较高等特点.以四川省茂县城镇污水处理工艺设计为例,探讨CASS（Cyclic Activated Sludge System）工艺在小县城污水处理工程的适用性及处理效果.通过计算关键技术参数（污泥负荷：0.15 kg·BOD5·kg^-1·MLSS·d^-1）;排水比：1/4;反应周期：进水2h,曝气4h,沉淀0.8h,出水1.2h）以及时污水处理效果进行分析.结果表明：CODCr进水浓度：244～434 mg·L^-1,出水为21 ～40 mg·L^-1;BOD5进水浓度：150 ～250 mg·L^-1,出水12～20 mg·L^-1;NH4-N进水浓度：25～45mg·L^-1,出水2.0～6.0 mg·L^-1;TP进水浓度：2.0～5.4 mg·L^-1,出水0.2～1.0 mg·L^-1.CASS工艺处理污水的效果良好,出水水质达到《国家城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 18918-2002） 1B要求,CASS工艺适用于茂县城镇污水处理.研究结果可为偏远的经济落后地区的污水处理工艺选择和运行方面提供技术参考.     

不同激素配比对铁皮石斛组织培养的影响研究

在铁皮石斛组织培养过程中,通过筛选适宜铁皮石斛原球茎增殖、分化、壮苗和生根的培养基,以提高增殖系数和试管苗的质量。结果表明:原球茎增殖以MS NAA1．0 mg／L 6-BA1．0 mg／L KT1．0 mg／L为最佳;原球茎分化以MS NAA1．0 mg／L 6-BA3．0mg／L KT1．0 mg／L为最佳;壮苗生根以1／2MS IBA2．0 mg／L 水解酪蛋白500mg／L 10％香蕉提取液为最佳,45天生根率达92％。     

Quality of life and cost-effectiveness of combined therapy for reflux esophagitis

Objective: To evaluate clinical, Quality of Life (QoL) and medical cost outcomes in patients with symptomatic reflux esophagitis (RE) receiving different ″triple combination therapy″. Methods: A multicenter medical effectiveness trial conducted in 10 hospitals of 5 regions in Zhejiang Province. 248 patient-volunteers were assigned to 8 weeks of ″ triple combination therapy″ with Lansoprazole plus Cisapride and Sucralfate or Ranitidine plus Cisapride and Sucralfate. Main outcomes assessment included symptoms scale scores, RE severity, QoL at baseline and 8 weeks. Medical cost data were collected with cost analysis questionnaire. Results: (1)More Lansoprazole group patients noted RE symptoms resolution than Ranitidine group(92.3% vs 78.4%, P<0.01). There was no striking difference between two groups in RE healing rate (90.8% vs 82.9%, P>0.05). (2)RE significantly impaired QoL of patients(P<0.001).Compared with Ranitidine group, QoL in Lansoprazole group had significant improvement (rate of ″good″ QoL 64.5% vs 45.6%, P<0.01). (3)There was close correlation between symptomic effectiveness and QoL rating scale in both the Lansoprazole and Ranitidine group(P<0.01, r=0.235 and 0.353 respectively). There were no statistical difference of medical cost between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: RE significantly impaired QoL of patients. ″Triple combination therapies″ can significantly improve RE symptoms and QoL. Lansoprazole combination therapy was more cost-effective than Ranitidine combination group.     

Nephroprotective effects of Zingiber zerumbet Smith ethyl acetate extract against paracetamol-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats

Paracetamol (PCM) overdose can cause nephrotoxicity with oxidative stress as one of the possible mechanisms mediating the event. In this study, the effects of ethyl acetate extract of Zingiber zerumbet rhizome [200 mg per kg of body weight (mg/kg) and 400 mg/kg] on PCM-induced nephrotoxicity were examined. Rats were divided into five groups containing 10 rats each. The control group received distilled water while other groups were treated with extract alone (400 mg/kg), PCM alone (750 mg/kg), 750 mg/kg PCM+200 mg/kg extract (PCM+ 200-extract), and 750 mg/kg PCM+400 mg/kg extract (PCM+400-extract), respectively, for seven consecutive days. The Z. zerumbet extract was given intraperitoneally concurrent with oral administration of PCM. Treatment with Z. zerumbet extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg prevented the PCM-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative impairments of the kidney, as evidenced by a significantly reduced (P<0.05) level of plasma creatinine, plasma and renal malondialdehyde (MDA), plasma protein carbonyl, and renal advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP). Furthermore, both doses were also able to induce a significant increment (P<0.05) of plasma and renal levels of glutathione (GSH) and plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The nephroprotective effects of Z. zerumbet extract were confirmed by a reduced intensity of renal cellular damage, as evidenced by histological findings. Moreover, Z. zerumbet extract administered at 400 mg/kg was found to show greater protective effects than that at 200 mg/kg. In conclusion, ethyl acetate extract of Z. zerumbet rhizome has a protective role against PCM-induced nephrotoxicity and the process is probably mediated through its antioxidant properties.     

12例外阴上皮内瘤变患者的病理及临床分析

为了研究外阴上皮内瘤变患者的诊疗方法和进行疗效分析.总结厂12例VIN患者的临床资料,对其临床表现、HPV感染、病理、治疗方法复发等进行了分析,结果表明:12例VIN患者中,青年组(≤40岁)占41.7%,中老年组(>40岁)占58.3%。HPV感染占41.7%,在青年组和老年组中分别为53.3%、46.7%。12例患者均行手术治疗,局部扩大切除术为25.0%,单纯局部切除术为75.0%.可见,VIN在年轻妇女中的患病有增加趋势,可能与HPV感染有关.治疗宜个体化,手术可采用局部扩大切除或单纯局部切除,同时应强调定期随访.     

静电增强颗粒层除尘器除尘效率的理论与实验研究

静电增强颗粒层除尘器（EGB)是一种新型高故除尘器。本文采用孤立球模型，推导出孤立颗粒的截留效率计算式和静电效率计算式，进一步提出了EGB除尘总效率计算式。经过颗粒层除尘器(GB)和EGB除尘效率对比实验研究表明：静电能明显提高除尘效率，为设计和研制高故颗粒层除尘器提供了理论依据。     

Dynamic measurements of serum inhibin B and estradiol: apredictive evaluation of ovarian response to gonadotrophin stimulation in the early stage of IVF treatment

Objective: We dynamically measured serum inhibin B and estradiol in the early stage of hormonal stimulation to predict the ovarian response in in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Methods: A total of 57 patients (<40 years of age) who un-derwent the first cycle of long protocol IVF or introcytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment were included. Serum inhibin B, estradioi, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were measured four times: (i) on Day 3 of the menstrual cycle (basal); (2) on the day before the first administration of gonadotrophin (Gn) (Day 0); (3) on Day 1 of Gn therapy; and (4) on Day 5 of Gn therapy. Comparisons of these measurements with ovarian responses and pregnancy outcomes were made and analyzed statistically. Results: (1) On Day 1 and Day 5 of recombinant FSH (rFSH) stimulation, ovarian response, i.e., numbers of follicles, oocytes, fertilized oocytes, and embryos, had a positive correlation (rS=0.46～0.61, P=0.000) with raised inhibin B and estradiol concentrations, but a negative correlation (rS=-0.67～-0.38, P=0.000 or P<0.01) with total rFSH dose and total days ofrFSH stimulation. (2) No significant variation (P>0.05) between the pregnant and non-pregnant groups on the basis of mean age or on all hormone concentrations at four times of the IVF cycle was observed. However, all the seven patients aged >35 years did not reach pregnancy. Conclusions: (1) Serum inhibin B and estradiol concentrations obtained shortly after Gn therapy may offer an accurate and early prediction of ovarian response; (2) Low levels of serum inhibin B and estradiol obtained shortly after Gn stimulation indicate the need for a longer period of Gn treatment and a higher daily dosage; (3) No obvious pregnancy difference among patients of age <35 years was found; however, IVF pregnancy outcome is significantly lower in women of age >35 years.     

Anticonvulsant and hypnotic effects of amiodarone

Amiodarone hydrochloride is a potent anti-arrhythmic agent, known as a multiple ion-channel blocker in the heart.Although it has been detected in the rat brain, there are no data related to its central nervous system (CNS) effects. In this study, we evaluated anticonvulsant and hypnotic effects of amiodarone. Convulsions were induced by phentylenetetrazole (PTZ) (100 mg/kg) or caffeine (300 mg/kg) in mice. In both models, amiodarone prolonged both latency period and time to death, and acted as an anticonvulsant drug. It was found to be more effective in the PTZ model than in the caffeine model; none of the animals treated with 150 mg/kg dose amiodarone had died in the PTZ model. For hypnotic effect, sleeping was induced with pentobarbital (35 mg/kg) in rats. Amiodarone dose-dependently increased the sleeping time (677.7%～725.9%). In the sleeping test, all rats in 200 mg/kg amiodarone group died. In conclusion, anticonvulsant and hypnotic effects of amiodarone have shown the depressant effects on CNS. These effects may be dependent on its pharmacological properties.     

免疫生长促进剂调控肉仔鸡免疫应答和生长的研究

选择120只1日龄AA商品健康雏鸡,随机分为4个组,每组30只。研究了口粮添加免疫生长促进剂C96在调节免疫应答与生产性能中的作用以及对某些内分泌活动的影响。结果表明：在内仔鸡生长前期0—15d日粮添加C96为11mg／kg饲料的C96组和疫苗－C96组鸡的生长速度（日增重）均极显著高于对照组和疫苗组;生长中期15－30dC96组鸡的生长速度仍明显高于对照组和疫苗组。疫苗－C96组与未添加C96两组相比虽无明显差异,但强于它们;生长后期30－45d添加C96两组鸡生长速度均高于或显著高于对照组,此时疫苗组也快速生长,明显高于对照组,各组比较疫苗－C96组生长速度最快。整个试验期添加C96两组采食量和饲料转化率均比对照组和疫苗组高。几种代谢激素表现出在15d时添加C96两组的胰岛素、T_3和T_4均比对照组和疫苗组或明显高,以后30d和45d的胰岛素和T_4维持在相对高的水平上,T_3逐渐下降,而对照组和疫苗组的胰岛素和T_4明显升高,T_3在30d时亦升高,以后下降。     

语言理解的ERP 研究

伴随着实时研究方法和技术的发展，上世纪80年代中期之后，事件相关脑电位(ERP)作为一种比反应时更精细和敏感的指标在心理学研究领域中得到大量运用。在语言理解领域，目前已发现了三种不同的ERP成分，分别是反映词汇一语义加工的N400、反映实时句法加工的ELAN／LAN和后期整合的P600，这三种成分在正常人和失语症病人之间有着不同的表现形态。在未来，ERP和其他相关技术的结合将有利于语言理解的更深入研究。     

Comparison of low-molecular-weight-heparin and unfractionated heparin for acute PTE

INTRODUCTION Acute pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE)is serious pulmonary vascular disease with high mortality.The challenge is to make a correct diagnosiand give appropriate treatment(Nicolaides et al.2001).Effective treatment will decrease morbidityand mortality.This study compares the efficacy,adverse effects and costs of low-molecular-weightheparin(LMWH)and unfractionated heparin(UH).MATERIALS AND METHODS Materialss a or-sis al.,ity ad-ht-).All patients diagnosed as non-massiv…     

Integrated direct air capture and CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> utilization of gas fertilizer based on moisture swing adsorption

A new concept of low-cost direct air capture technology integrated with a fertilization system is proposed, as an alternative to the application of air derived CO₂. A moisture swing sorbent can elevate the CO₂ concentration from 400 parts per million (ppm) to several thousand ppm, and this can be used to cultivate plants. Desorption isotherms were determined and are described well by a Langmuir model. The adsorption rate constant and the desorption rate constant were gained at 25 °C, 35 °C, and 45 °C under 1000 ppm concentration of CO₂. In accelerated cultivation experiments, the effects of CO₂ concentration, light intensity, and spectrum on the CO₂ uptake rate of the plants were investigated. A multi-bed desorption system which is capable of providing a continuous and stable CO₂ supply for a greenhouse is demonstrated based on the desorption characteristic and CO₂ uptake feature of plants. An energy and cost assessment for the integrated system was performed and the results indicated that minimum energy requirements and cost estimate of CO₂ are 35.67 kJ/mol and 34.68 USD/t, respectively. This makes direct air capture a competitive and sustainable carbon source for agriculture.     

剩余污泥好氧减量实验与经济可行性分析

通过序批式试验,检测剩余污泥在不同温度条件下（25℃、35℃、45℃）,好氧消化减量反应前后污泥的沉降性、体积和质量的变化;研究污泥在相应条件下消化减量效率及能耗;对比污泥消化减量的其它方法,对剩余污泥高温好氧消化减量的经济可行性进行分析。通过本课题的研究后发现：污水厂剩余污泥通过好氧消化减量处理后污泥的体积与质量大幅度减少,与直接将剩余污泥运输填埋处理方法相比,该方法能够大幅度降低污泥处置成本,具有显著的经济优势。