Knowledge sharing in open source software project teams: A transactive memory system perspective

The extant studies have not empirically examined the possible team cognitive mechanisms that facilitate knowledge sharing in OSS teams, even though knowledge sharing is a cognitive task and an OSS team is a complex cognitive system. To fill this research gap, we adopt the perspective of transactive memory system (TMS) to explore the relationships among TMS, knowledge sharing, communication quality, and technical achievement of OSS teams. By analyzing data from 95 OSS projects with the partial least squares (PLS) method, our study demonstrates that several TMS dimensions have positive impacts on knowledge sharing behaviors and communication quality. Moreover, communication quality positively influences technical achievement of OSS teams. These findings provide useful implications for literature and practice.     

考虑知识隐藏的项目团队知识共享激励研究

本研究在分析项目团队知识隐藏概念基础上,整合社会认知、社会惰化等理论,构建知识隐藏的前因变量模型,并通过187份有效问卷,运用逐步回归分析对假设进行验证。研究结果表明,知识共享自我效能、个体结果期望、外生激励、分配公平、互惠与知识隐藏显著负相关;知识共享自我效能与个体结果期望显著正相关;个体结果期望对知识共享自我效能和知识隐藏之间的关系起到部分中介作用;互惠对知识共享自我效能和知识隐藏之间的关系起正向调节作用。最后对研究进行了分析与讨论。     

基于计划行为理论的设计链知识共享因素及模型研究

设计链作为产品研发设计的发展趋势,其知识共享可以提高研发效率,提升设计链的整体绩效。基于修正后的计划行为理论(TPB),从影响知识共享行为的态度、主观规范和认知行为控制三个方面分析了影响设计链知识共享的外生变量,提出设计链知识共享模型。问卷调查的统计分析结果验证了知识共享模型的有效性。     

技术联盟知识转移影响因素的实证分析

摘要：本文针对技术联盟企业间知识转移的行为,深入分析了影响知识转移因素,构建了一个包含多个影响因素的模型,据此提出了相应假设,通过实地访谈和问卷调查,运用结构方程模型对国内251家企业的问卷数据进行分析。结果显示：知识的隐性、接收方学习动机、联盟伙伴间的知识差距、关系距离都能对联盟伙伴间的知识转移产生显著影响;相对于契约式联盟,股权式联盟更有利于知识转移效率的提高。     

Knowledge sharing and rewards: a game-theoretical perspective

Shared databases are used as tools for knowledge management. But contributing knowledge to the database is a public-goods dilemma. Its specific features are multidimensionality of the goods, resource overlap, interdependency of group members and the lack of a marginal unit of return for individual contributions. An analytical model is presented describing the individual- and group-level payoff function. It shows that rewarding contributions with a cost-compensating bonus can be an effective solution not only at the individual level, but also at the group level. Whether or not a bonus system is self-supporting depends on the critical mass of people on average needing a contribution. This depends on the overlap of the people's resources and their interdependency.     

员工知识共享、知识共享意愿与信任基础

分析了员工信任关系产生的基础,进而从知识拥有者和知识分享者两方面揭示了知识共享意愿与不同类别信任的关系,以及这种信任关系建立的原因,提出促进知识共享意愿的员工信任关系的构建途径。     

Inducing knowledge sharing in teams through cost-efficient compensation schemes

A natural challenge for firms seeking to implement knowledge management systems is accounting for the interplay of incentives among workers and supervisors. This paper studies this interaction, focusing on the dynamics arising from joint projects, task evaluation, and knowledge sharing, in the framework of a game-theoretic model. We identify conditions under which a firm can minimize the costs of implementing an incentives-based system for knowledge sharing, taking into account the firm’s ability to monitor individual performance. We show that an employer in our framework has a stronger incentive to monitor tasks when relative-performance pay is small and when higher-paid agents are more likely to generate new knowledge.     

信任、内部竞争与团队程序性知识共享

分析团队内竞争和信任对知识共享的作用机制,并建立模型。研究发现,团队内部信任可促使程序性知识的共享意愿,但超出信任关系的知识共享则会产生团队消极怠工现象;同时,内部竞争对于员工知识共享有促进作用,过分强调竞争会阻碍团队程序性知识共享。     

Narrating Your Work: an approach to supporting knowledge sharing in virtual teams

We propose an approach to enhancing knowledge sharing and connectedness in distributed teams. Termed ‘Narrating Your Work’ (NYW), the approach involves members of distributed team using a microblogging tool to post regular updates about their current work, accomplishments, and issues. The NYW approach was evaluated within a geographically and temporally distributed team at Shell International for a period of one month, using a mixed-method research design. Methodology comprised of a quantitative survey, followed by semi-structured interviews and analysis of microblogging updates posted during the month in which the approach was being trialled. The evaluation results suggest that NYW was viewed as a valid and practical approach to enhancing knowledge sharing and connectedness. A range of barriers and enablers that could impact the future application and embedding of the approach are identified and recommendations for implementation are outlined.     

大型集团企业知识共享模式研究

 知识是企业的重要战略资源,越来越多的企业开始关心自身的知识积累与更新,以适应时代瞬息万变的步伐。因此,探讨出一种企业知识共享的分析层次和实践模式,对于企业来说很有价值。通过对三家国内大型企业的全面深入调研,提出了集团企业知识共享现状的分析框架以及知识共享的三种模式,并对其应用范围进行了阐述。     

基于Wiki的知识共享系统研究

知识共享是知识管理的基础,是实现知识创新的前提条件。Wiki的出现给知识共享带来了新的契机,如何构建Wiki环境下的知识共享系统成为一个亟待解决的议题。有鉴于此,结合知识共享的关键环节和Wiki技术特征,构筑出一个基于Wiki的知识共享系统模型(KSSBW);接着,详细分析了知识共享系统的实现过程。最后,提出了后续研究内容和方向。研究对提升组织的知识创新能力与核心竞争力具有重要的指导意义。     

Knowledge markets in firms: knowledge sharing with trust and signalling

Knowledge sharing and learning are critically important to the success of knowledge management. In this research, we study the design of incentive rewards to facilitate knowledge transfer utilizing an internal knowledge market within organizations. The internal knowledge market is modelled as a marketplace where knowledge providers can send signals about their knowledge and learners may voluntarily acquire the knowledge based on the signals. Three types of knowledge recipients are differentiated with respect to their signalling threshold functions: knowledge connoisseur, knowledge public, and knowledge dilettante. In addition, a knowledge recipient may be either humble or arrogant, with different propensities for learning characterized by different learning inhibition cost functions. For different knowledge recipients, we study the knowledge providers’ best signalling strategies and the firm's optimal design of reward structures. Knowledge providers will adopt different signalling strategies if they lack the necessary trust that knowledge recipients will accurately report their learning. We analyse how the firm can offer learning rewards and employ IT support to improve the trust so as to increase knowledge transfer. This research provides valuable insights for practitioners to manage an internal knowledge market.     

知识价值导向下的知识共享与创新

知识是推动社会进步的重要元素,而知识团队是一类特殊的知识密集型组织,因此,在知识团队中实现有效的知识管理,促进知识的共享与创新具有十分重要的意义。以知识价值为导向,将知识团队的知识共享与创新和知识增值相结合,通过一种可量化的评价体系提出更有效、更具操作性的策略与方法,提高知识团队的竞争力。     

大学科研团队知识共享的社会网络分析

 本文从大学科研团队成员在团队中所处的网络位置与其知识共享行为的关系研究出发,通过对9个科研团队的问卷调查和分析发现,个人在“学习咨询网络”的结构位置中心性受到个人在正式组织结构中的职务、科研工作协作网络中心性、科研任务相依性的正向影响,以及科研工作负荷性的负向影响。而个人在“友谊关系网络”的结构位置中心性,则仅受到科研网络的正向影响,以及科研工作负荷性的负向影响。知识共享行为受到职务、科研协作网络、学习咨询网络、友谊关系网络等变量的正向影响,而受到科研工作负荷性的负向影响。     

Knowledge sharing in a multi-cultural setting: a case study

Organizational culture has been shown to influence the success of knowledge management practices. Hofstede's theory specifies that organizational culture is not independent of national culture. A case study of an international subsidiary was conducted to explore the extent to which knowledge sharing is dependent on national culture. Results indicate that language differences can create knowledge blocks, and cross-cultural differences can explain the direction of knowledge flows.     

Knowledge sharing in project-based organizations: Overcoming the informational limbo

Project-based organizations (PBO) are nowadays widespread in almost all the activity sectors. This type of organizations poses complex problems for information and knowledge management due to the fragmentation and lack of uniformity of organizational structures, processes, practices, and technologies. The ineffectiveness of knowledge sharing over time, between project teams, is perhaps the most prominent issue that PBO must deal with. This strongly affects organizational learning, which seems to under-deliver value to PBO. Therefore, relevant knowledge is trapped in an “informational limbo” out of reach, not being capitalized for the organization. This is particularly true in research and development (R&D) institutions, where knowledge sharing can be hindered by conceptual misunderstandings resulting from different disciplines, cultures and ways of working of project participants. This paper addresses such issues by analyzing, in a comprehensive way, how information and knowledge management can better suit project team's needs and at the same time improve organizational learning. An ethnographic study, based on immersed participant observation, is performed at a Portuguese R&D Institute, in order to understand the link between the way information is managed in a project and how people interact and learn by sharing knowledge between projects. Results provide a set of enterprise information management (EIM) recommendations. Findings also suggest that a PBO-wide EIM strategy, balancing knowledge codification and personalization mechanisms, is a feasible solution to overcome the problems of knowledge sharing in PBO.     

Knowledge sharing and team trustworthiness: it's all about social ties!

This paper empirically examines knowledge sharing within innovation teams and explores the relationship between knowledge sharing and trust. This relationship has generally been identified in the literature as an important aspect of knowledge management. However, its pertinence to knowledge transfer within and between teams is less obvious. The case study based on four information technology R&D teams in Taiwan suggests that trust between a knowledge holder and a receiver may not exist. In fact, it can be connected by a mediator, although the use of social relationship in which trust is rooted in both host and visitor's trust of the mediator. Thus, trust may be substituted by the social relationship in certain specific contexts.     

Modeling High-Quality Knowledge Sharing in cross-functional software development teams

We present and empirically validate a Coopetitive Model of Knowledge Sharing that helps understand the forces underlying High-Quality Knowledge Sharing in multiparty software development teams. More specifically, we integrate the Coopetitive Model of Knowledge Sharing and Social Interdependence Theory to explain the forces behind High-Quality Knowledge Sharing in cross-functional software development teams. Based on the analysis of data collected from 115 software development project managers, we explore the mechanisms through which simultaneous cooperative and competitive behaviors drive High-Quality Knowledge Sharing among cross-functional team members. We also show how multiple interdependencies that are simultaneously set in motion engender cooperative and competitive behaviors. This study is the first study that encompasses both the antecedents of simultaneous cooperative and behaviors and the mechanisms through which simultaneous cooperation and competition influence knowledge sharing behaviors. The model adds to the emerging contingency perspective pertaining to the study of cooperation and competition in system development teams.     

Knowledge sharing in a cross-cultural context: Nordic expatriates in Japan

Although the scholarly discussion increases our understanding about aspects involved in the management of knowledge, relatively little is known about knowledge sharing in a cross-cultural context. Yet, attitudes about knowledge sharing as well as knowledge sharing behavior have been identified in related research as varying across cultural contexts. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the aspects that influence the act of making knowledge available to others in a cross-cultural context. The empirical part of the study, consisting of semi-structured interviews with 30 Nordic expatriates and eight Japanese managers in Japan indicates that language differences, status hierarchies, collectivism, and logical differences can create barriers to knowledge sharing. Managerial implications and suggestions for future research are offered.     

组织内部知识共享的类型及进化博弈模型

针对组织内部知识共享面临的动态性和知识结构的多样性,本文根据知识差异及知识结构将组织内部知识共享的博弈划分为多种类型,在此基础之上建立了知识共享的单群体和多群体动态博弈模型,并分析了模型的进化稳定策略和稳定域。结果表明,组织能否实现知识共享取决于激励策略、组织知识结构,以及知识共享的初始状态三个方面的因素,在满足稳定域约束的条件下共享知识才能成为进化稳定策略。该结果可为组织实现高水平知识共享提供理论指导和决策支持。