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ARTICLES Using the Academic Skills Inventory to Assess the Biology Major Kyle Seifert, Carol A. Hurney, Clifton J. Wigtil, Donna L. Sundre Expanding Professional Development Opportunities to Enhance the Assessment Process Elizabeth A. Jones Sustaining Assessment: A Post‐Epidemiological Approach Using The Program Evaluation Standards Rick D. Axelson, Arend Flick Clarification of Assessment and Evaluation Gloria K. Goldman, Lori E. Zakel Horizontal Assessment W. James Bradley COLUMN From the States Peter T. Ewell FEATURE Resources Susan Kahn     

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ARTICLES Virginia's Value Added: A Diverse System Perspective Vernon B. Harper Jr. Editor's Notes Trudy W. Banta Journals and Program Assessment David J. Cluphf, Curt L. Lox Assessing Critical Thinking Skills in Students with Limited English Proficiency Marianne Gustafson, Joseph Bochner COLUMN Community College Strategies John J. Cosgrove, Lawrence J. McDoniel     

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ARTICLES Perspectives From Campus Leaders on the Current State of Student Learning Outcomes Assessment Jillian Kinzie Editor's Notes Trudy W. Banta Peer Review of Program Assessment Efforts: One Strategy, Multiple Gains Margaret Fong Bloom Assessing Doctoral Applicants' Readiness for Doctoral‐Level Work Michelle A. Maher, Benita J. Barnes COLUMN From the States Peter T. Ewell FEATURE Recommended Reading Susan Kahn     

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ARTICLES The Presentation of the Student Role in Everyday Classroom Life: An Assessment Jonathan I. Marx, Jennifer Crew Solomon, Bradley G. Tripp Editor's Notes Trudy W. Banta A Call for Student Involvement in the Push for Assessment Megan Rodgers Community Outreach: Assessment and Program Planning for Off‐Campus Students Jennifer Massey, Karla Gouthro Closing the Loop: Assessing SLOs for Quantitative and Qualitative Models in Business Courses George G. Klemic, Eveann Lovero COLUMN Assessment Measures Gary R. Pike FEATURE Recommended Reading Susan Kahn     

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ARTICLES Collaborative Online Assessments for Validity and Reliability Merilee Griffin Editor's Notes Trudy W. Banta Implementing the Class‐Level Survey of Student Engagement: First Impressions and Findings Ronald F. Rogers, Patrick F. Cravalho, Jonathan G. Boyajian Recognizing Progress in Degree‐Program Assessment: The Seals of Assessment Achievement and Excellence Thomas W. Paradis, Thomas M. Hopewell Building a Culture of Assessment: Ode to Musun, Baker, and Fulmer Jo‐Ellen Asbury COLUMN Community College Strategies Robin Anderson, with Keven Hansen and Joyce M. Ray Memo Bob Smallwood     

Reviews classroom materials for the gifted

Easy ears. A Scholastic Audio/Visual Program 50 W. 44th St. New York, New York 10036

Grimm's tales for young and old translated by Ralph Manheim, New York: Doubleday & Company, 1977

The uses of enchantment. Bruno Bettelhelm, New York: Random House, 1977 400 Hahn Rd. Westminster, MO 21157.

Capitalization and punctuation by Jennifer Price published by Curriculum Associates, 1977 6 Henshaw St. Woburn, Mass. 01801

Things that are red. Bowmar Artworlds Bowmar/Noble Publishers, Inc. 4563 Colorado Blvd. Los Angeles, California 90039     

Comparative education studies in great Britain

Philosophy and Human Movement. By David Best. Pp. 164. London: George Allen &; Unwin, (Unwin Education Books), 1978. £3.50 (paperback).

Perimeters of Social Repair. Edited by W. H. G. Armytage and John Peel. Pp. 157. London, New York and San Francisco: Academic Press, 1978. (No price.)

The University of Hull: the first Fifty Years. By T. W. Bamford. Pp. x, 290. London: OUP for University of Hull, 1978. £8.00.

Education and Industry in the Nineteenth Century: the English disease? By G. W. Roderick and M. D. Stephens. Pp. ix+196. London: Longman, 1978. £3.95.

Education in Britain since 1944. By W. K. Richmond. Pp. 168. London: Methuen, 1978. £7.00. Education paperback £2.95.

Paths to Excellence and the Soviet School. By John Dunstan. Pp. 302. Windsor: National Foundation for Educational Research Publishing Company, 1978. £9.75.

From Armstrong to Nuffield: Studies in twentieth‐century science education in England and Wales. By E. W. Jenkins. Pp. viii, 318. London: John Murray, 1979. Hardback £7.92, Limp £3.95.

Educational Research: the Art and Science of Investigation. By G. J. Monly. Pp. 390. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1978. £12.80.

Learning Later: Fresh Horizons in English Adult Education. By Enid and Edward Hutchinson. Pp. 200. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1978. £6.95.

The Evaluation of In‐Service Teacher Training. By E. S. Henderson. Pp. 224. London: Croom Helm, 1978. £9.95. ISBN: 0 85664 619 9.

How Shall I Put It? By Malcolm Young. Pp. 97. Hythe: Marsland Press, 1978. £3.50. ISBN o 85606 060 7.     

Creating atmosphere for radio drama

PRACTICAL REASONING IN HUMAN AFFAIRS: STUDIES IN HONOR OF CHAIM PERELMAN. Edited by James L. Golden and Joseph J. Pilotta. Dordrecht: Reidel, 1987; pp. x + 404. $79.00.

INVENTING THE PEOPLE: THE RISE OF POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY IN ENGLAND AND AMERICA. By Edmund S. Morgan. New York: W. W. Norton &; Company, 1988; pp. 318. $18.95.

AMERICAN SILHOUETTES: RHETORICAL IDENTITIES OF THE FOUNDERS. By Albert Furtwangler. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987; pp. vii + 168. $17.50; paper $10.95.

ORATORICAL ENCOUNTERS: SELECTED STUDIES AND SOURCES OF TWENTIETH‐CENTURY POLITICAL ACCUSATIONS AND APOLOGIES. Edited by Halford Ross Ryan. Forward by Edward P.J. Corbett. New York: Greenwood Press, 1988; pp. xxv + 329. $39.95.

CONSTRUCTING THE POLITICAL SPECTACLE. By Murray Edelman. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988; pp. vi + 137. paper $7.95.

HANDBOOK OF DISCOURSE ANALYSIS, VOLUME 1: DISCIPLINES OF DISCOURSE. Edited by Teun A. van Dijk. London: Academic Press, 1985, pp. xvii + 302. $58.00.

HANDBOOK OF DISCOURSE ANALYSIS, VOLUME 2: DIMENSIONS OF DISCOURSE. Edited by Teun A. van Dijk. London: Academic Press, 1985, pp. xvii + 279. $58.00.

HANDBOOK OF DISCOURSE ANALYSIS, VOLUME 3: DISCOURSE AND DIALOGUE. Edited by Teun A. van Dijk. London: Academic Press, 1985, pp. xix + 251. $58.00.

HANDBOOK OF DISCOURSE ANALYSIS, VOLUME 4: DISCOURSE ANALYSIS IN SOCIETY. Edited by Teun A. van Dijk. London: Academic Press, 1985, pp. xvii + 228. $58.00.

COMMUNICATING WITH YOUR DOCTOR: RX FOR GOOD MEDICAL CARE. By J. Alfred Jones, M.D. and Gerald M. Phillips. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1988; pp. viii + 184. $19.95.

GROUP PROCESSES. Edited by Clyde Hendrick. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1987; pp. 294. Paper $14.95.

GROUP PROCESSES AND INTERGROUP RELATIONS. Edited by Clyde Hendrick. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1987; pp. 256. Paper $14.95.

A.J. GREIMAS AND THE NATURE OF MEANING: LINGUISTICS, SEMIOTICS, AND DISCOURSE THEORY. By Ronald Schleifer. Forward by Christopher Norris. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1987; pp. xxvi and 223. $28.95; paper $10.95.

THE ABUSE OF CASUISTRY: A HISTORY OF MORAL REASONING. By Albert R. Jonsen and Stephen Toulmin. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988; pp. ix + 420. $45.00.

KENNETH BURKE AND MARTIN HEIDEGGER: WITH A NOTE AGAINST DECON‐STRUCTIONISM. By Samuel B. Southwell. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1987; pp. ix+ 156. $15.00.

TIME AND NARRATIVE, Vol. 3. By Paul Ricoeur. Translated by Kathleen Blarney and David Pellauer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988; pp. 355. $29.95.

RHETORIC AND HISTORY IN REVOLUTIONARY NEW ENGLAND. By Donald Weber. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988; pp. xii + 207. $22.50.

THE PAPERS OF DANIEL WEBSTER: SPEECHES AND FORMAL WRITINGS, Two Volumes. Edited by Charles M. Wiltse and Alan R. Berolzheimer, Associate Editor. Hanover: University Press of New England. Volume 1 (1987), pp. xx + 641. $70.00; Volume 2 (1988), pp. xvii + 700. $75.00.

HERMOGENES’ ON TYPES OF STYLE. Translated by Cecil W. Wooten. Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1987; pp. xviii + 159. $19.95.

TRIALS OF CHARACTER: THE ELOQUENCE OF CICERONIAN ETHOS. By James M. May. Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1988; pp. viii + 215. $27.50.

THE SOPHISTS. By Harold Barrett. Novato, CA: Chandler &; Sharp, 1987; pp. v + 85. Paper $6.95.

POLITICAL ETHICS AND PUBLIC OFFICE. By Dennis F. Thompson. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1987; pp. viii + 263. $25.00.

TELEDEMOCRACY: CAN TECHNOLOGY PROTECT DEMOCRACY? By F. Christopher Arterton. Beverly Hills: Sage, 1987; pp. 224. $29.95; paper $14.95.

SELLING SCIENCE: HOW THE PRESS COVERS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. By Dorothy Nelkin. New York: W. H. Freeman, 1987; pp. 224. $16.95.

THE SOCIAL MEANING OF CIVIC SPACE: STUDYING POLITICAL AUTHORITY THROUGH ARCHITECTURE. By Charles T. Goodsell. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1988; pp. xv + 229. $25.00.     

A correspondence of academic interest

Editor's Note: The following is a continuation of the dialogue “A Correspondence of Academic Interest” in the Spring 1994 issue ofAcademic Questions. That exchange concerned the program, recently announced by the Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association-College Retirement Equities Fund (TIAA-CREF), to promote diversity on the governing boards of the public corporations in which it invests.     

Political oratory in pre‐revolutionary America

German Psychological Warfare: Survey and Bibliography. Edited by Ladislas Farago and L. F. Gittler, Assistant Editor, with the cooperation of Gordon W. Allport, John G. Beebe‐Center, Edwin G. Boring, Floyd L. Ruch, and Stanley S. Stevens. 51 E. 42nd Street, New York: Committee for National Morale, 1941; pp. 155. $2.50.

Language Habits in Human Affairs. By Irving J. Lee. Foreword by Count Alfred Korzybski. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1941; pp. 278 + xxvii. $1.25.

Humanistic Studies in Honor of John Calvin Metcalf (University of Virginia Studies, Vol. I). By Various Contributors. Charlottesville (Va.): The University of Virginia, 1941. x + 338 pp.

Producing the Play. By John Gassner, and The New Scene Technician's Handbook. By Philip Barber. New York: The Dryden Press, 1941; pp. xxvii + 744, illustrated. $3.25.

The Jingle Book. By Alice L. Wood. New York: E. P. Dutton &; Co., Inc. 1940; pp. 208. $1.25.

Speech Improvement Cards, By Bryng Bryngelson and Esther Glaspey. New York: Scott, Foresman and Company, 1941. $3.60.

Practice Steps in English. By Frederick H. Blair, Elma A. Neal, Inez Foster, Ollie P. Storm. New York: The Macmillan Co., 1941. 29 cents each.

Debate Index Supplement. The Reference Shelf, Vol. 14, No. 9. Compiled by Julia E. Johnson. New York: H. W. Wilson Co., 1941; pp. 90; $.75.

Military Training: The Fifteenth Annual Debate Handbook. Edited by Bower Aly for the Committee on Debate Materials and Interstate Cooperation of the National University Extension Association. Columbia (Mo.): Lucas Brothers, 1941. vols.; Vol. I, 220 pp.; Vol. II (supplement), 220 pp. $1.00 each volume.

Universal Military Service. (The Reference Shelf, Vol. 15, No. 2). Edited by Robert E. Summers and Harrison B. Summers. New York: H. W. Wilson Co., 1941; 280 pp. $1.25.

Compulsory Military Training. (The Reference Shelf, Vol. 14, No. 6). Edited by Julia E. Johnsen. New York: H. W. Wilson Co., 1941; 266 pp. $1.25.

Compulsory Military Service. (Annual Debaters’ Help Book, Vol. 8). Edited by Ezra Christian Buehler. New York: Noble and Noble, 1941; vii + 422 pp. $2.50.

Representative American Speeches, 1940–1941. Selected by A. Craig Baird. New York: The H. W. Wilson Co., 1941; pp. 319. $1.25.

A Functional Program of Teacher Education. By The Curriculum Committee of the School of Education, Syracuse University. Washington, D.C.: American Council on Education, 1941. x + 260 pp. $1.25.

High School Forensics: An Integrated Program. By Arnold E. Meltzer. New York: H. W. Wilson Co., 1940; pp. 156. $.90.     

New Directions in Foreign Language Teaching

Abstract

Exiles from Eden: Religion and the Academic Vocation in America By Mark R. Schwehn New York: Oxford University Press, 1993, 143 pages, $19.95 Reviewed by Amy A. Kass.     

Reviews

The Development of Scientific Thinking Skills. Deanna Kuhn, Eric Amsel, and Michael O'Loughlin, Academic Press, 1988. 249 pp.

Understanding the Representational Mind, Josef Perner, MIT Press, 1991. 348 pp.

Literacy as Involvement: The Acts of Writers and Readers, and Texts. Deborah Brandt. Carbondaie: Southern Illinois, 1990. 159 pp.

Dialogue, Dialectic, and Conversation: A Social Perspective on the Function of Writing. Gregory Clark. Carbondale: Southern Illinois, 1990. 93 pp.

Hypermedia and Literary Studies. Ed. Paul Delany and George P. Landow. Cambridge: MIT P, 1991. 352 pp.

Writing Space: The Computer, Hypertext, and the History of Writing. Jay David Bolter. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1991. 258 pp. Also from Erlbaum, Writing Space: A Hypertext for Macintosh.

Writing and Speaking in Business. Gretchen N. Vik, Clyde W. Wilkinson, and Dorothy C. Wilkinson. 10th ed. Homewood: Irwin, 1990. 636 pp.

Communication for Management and Business. Norman B. Sigband and Arthur H. Bell. 5th ed. Glenview: Scott, 1989. 783 pp.

Business Communication Today. Courtland L. Bovee and John V. Thill. 2nd ed. New York: Random, 1989. 680 pp.

Guidelines for Preparing Proposals: A Manual on How to Organize Winning Proposals. Roy Meador. Chelsea: Lewis, 1985. 116 pp.     

θ-PSO： a new strategy of particle swarm optimization

Particle swarm optimization （PSO） is an efficient, robust and simple optimization algorithm. Most studies are mainly concentrated on better understanding of the standard PSO control parameters, such as acceleration coefficients, etc. In this paper, a more simple strategy of PSO algorithm called θ-PSO is proposed. In θ-PSO, an increment of phase angle vector replaces the increment of velocity vector and the positions are decided by the mapping of phase angles. Benchmark testing of nonlinear functions is described and the results show that the performance of θ-PSO is much more effective than that of the standard PSO.     

Great Teaching and the Fullness of Life

Abstract

Issues in Academic Freedom George S. Worgul, Jr., editor Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press, 1992, 184 pages, $32.50 Reviewed by Robert L. Spaeth

A Different Sort of Time: The Life of Jerrold R. Zacharias, Scientist, Engineer, Educator By Jack S. Goldstein Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1992, 310 pages, $35.00 Reviewed by Frieda A. Stahl     

Reviews

Reviews in this articles: Professionalism and Competence in Higher Education Developing Professional Knowledge and Competence, Michael Eraut A future for quality? Managerialism and the Academic Profession: Quality and Control, Martin Trow International policy patterns Higher Education Policy: an international comparative perspective, edited by Leo Goedegebuure, Frans Kaiser, Peter Maassen, Lynn Meek, Frans van Vught and Egbert de Weert     

Reviews

Reviews in this articles: Flexible Learning? Flexible Learning in Higher Education, Winnie Wade, Keith Hodgkinson, Alison Smith and John Arfield (eds.) Merging for Growth Merging Colleges for Mutual Growth. A New Strategy for Academic Managers James Martin, James E. Samels & Associates Facing Forward Ronald Barnett, Improving Higher Education: total quality care Robin Middlehurst, Leading Academics     

Conferences past and future

Education and Enquiry. By John Anderson, edited by D. Z. Phillips. Pp. 240. Blackwell, 1980, £21.00 hardback, £5.25 paperback.

Injustice, Inequality and Ethics. By Robin Barrow. Pp. xii, 204. Brighton: Wheatsheaf Books, 1982. £18.95 (cloth) and £4.95 (paper).

Universities, Politicians and Bureaucrats: Europe and the United States. Edited by H. Daalder and E. Shils. Pp. viii, 511. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982. £37.50.

Conflict and Compromise: Class Formation in English Society 1830–1914, A Comparative Study of Birmingham and Sheffield. By Dennis Smith. Pp. xiv, 333. London: Routledge &; Kegan Paul, 1982. £17.95.

English Education, Social Change and War 1911–20. By Geoffrey Sherington. Pp. xiii, 194. Manchester University Press, 1981. £14.50.

The Sociology of Childhood: Essential Readings. Edited by Chris Jenks. Pp. 290. Batsford Academic Books, 1982. £6.95 paperback.

Hooligans or Rebels? By Stephen Humphries. Pp. viii, 279. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1981. £12.50.

A New Case for the Liberal Arts. By D. G. Winter, D. C. McClelland and A. J. Stewart. Pp. xxvii, 247. London: Sage Publications, 1981. £14.75.

Sources for English Local History. By W. B. Stephens. Pp. xvi, 342. Cambridge: University Press, rev. ed., 1981. Hard covers £25.00, paperback £8.95.

Innovation in the Science Curriculum. Ed. by John Olson. Pp. 178. London: Croom‐Helm, 1982. £12.50.

Brightest and Best. By W. P. Gothard. Pp. 270. Driffield: Nafferton, 1982. £10.95.

Verbal Deficit: A Critique. By J. C. B. Gordon. Pp. 181. London: Croom Helm, 1982.

Multi‐lingualism and Mother‐tongue Education. By D. P. Pattanayak. Pp. xvii, 185. Delhi: O.U.P., 1982. £7.95.

Asia: the Winning of Independence. Ed. Robin Jeffrey, London, the Macmillan Press Ltd., 1981, xv, 337     

General Education and Graduate Education

Renewing Liberal Education: A Primer By Francis J. Wuest Kansas City, Missouri: Project for Change in Liberal Education, 225 pages, $6.50 paperback. Reviewed by Annette Atkins.

Academic Culture and Faculty Development By Mervin Freedman, with Wesley Brown, Norbert Ralph, Robert Shukraft, Michael Bloom, and Nevitt Sanford Orinda, California: Montaigne Press, 1979, 173 pages, index, $8.95 paperback. Reviewed by Frederick Stirton Weaver.     

Table of Contents

ARTICLES Postsecondary Assessment: Faculty Attitudes and Levels of Engagement Tara Eisenhauer Ebersole Editor's Notes Trudy W. Banta Where Learning and Assessment Meet Mark W. Lencho, Michael J. Longrie, Stephen J. Friedman The Degree Specification Project: A Case Study in Departmental Outcomes Assessment Daniel A. Weinstein, Beverly Schneller COLUMN Community College Strategies Richard Haney, Debralee McClellan F EATURE Resources Susan Kahn