共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Mapping the foundationalist debate in computer ethics 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
The paper provides a critical review of thedebate on the foundations of Computer Ethics(CE). Starting from a discussion of Moor'sclassic interpretation of the need for CEcaused by a policy and conceptual vacuum, fivepositions in the literature are identified anddiscussed: the ``no resolution approach',according to which CE can have no foundation;the professional approach, according to whichCE is solely a professional ethics; the radicalapproach, according to which CE deals withabsolutely unique issues, in need of a uniqueapproach; the conservative approach, accordingto which CE is only a particular appliedethics, discussing new species of traditionalmoral issues; and the innovative approach,according to which theoretical CE can expandthe metaethical discourse with a substantiallynew perspective. In the course of the analysis,it is argued that, although CE issues are notuncontroversially unique, they are sufficientlynovel to render inadequate the adoption ofstandard macroethics, such as Utilitarianismand Deontologism, as the foundation of CE andhence to prompt the search for a robust ethicaltheory. Information Ethics (IE) is proposed forthat theory, as the satisfactory foundation forCE. IE is characterised as a biologicallyunbiased extension of environmental ethics,based on the concepts of information object/infosphere/entropy rather thanlife/ecosystem/pain. In light of the discussionprovided in this paper, it is suggested that CEis worthy of independent study because itrequires its own application-specific knowledgeand is capable of supporting a methodologicalfoundation, IE. 相似文献
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Leah Henderson 《Metascience》2017,26(2):219-222
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刘华杰:2004年圣诞节之际,一场特大自然灾害降临,印度洋突然发生海啸,造成至少20万人死亡的一场大悲剧。亚洲这几年似乎是多事之地,SARS刚过,就来了禽流感,而禽流感过后又来了海啸。表面上看,是大自然与人类作对,人类是受害者。日历翻到2005年,著名科学家何祚庥院士接受新华社《环球》杂志的采访,提出了"敬畏自然"会导致反科学的新鲜见解。何老师说: 相似文献
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The present state of the scientific realism debate 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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1923年,英国遗传学家霍尔丹在剑桥大学发表了一篇题为《代达罗斯,或科学与未来》的演讲,畅想科学应用的未来,提出科学将造福人类并对传统道德提出挑战。翌年,著名哲学家罗素发表《伊卡洛斯,或科学的未来》予以回应,警告人类对科学的滥用将导致毁灭性的灾难。本文介绍论辩双方的主要观点,并在一战前后西方社会文化的背景和"两种文化"论题的语境中分析这一争论的意义,最后回到同期发生在中国大地上的"科玄论战",对中国近代思想史上的这一重大事件进行重新审视。 相似文献
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Stephen Turner 《Metascience》2015,24(3):463-465
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Jolly JC 《Endeavour》2002,26(4):149-153
From 1954 to 1963, numerous scientists engaged in a public debate over the possible hazards from radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons testing. Nobel laureate Linus Pauling, a California Institute of Technology chemist, was one of the most prominent. His scientific papers relating to the fallout debate reveal many of the scientific, social and political issues involved in the controversy. Although the public controversy ended after the signing of the 1963 Limited Test Ban Treaty, many of the scientific questions about the possible hazards of low-level radiation remain under debate within the scientific community. Moreover, the fallout debate was a prototype of current controversies over environmental and public-health hazards. 相似文献
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朱振欢 《科学对社会的影响》2006,(2):51-53
在20世纪初期的“科学化”思潮中《,大公报》上关于中西医的论争就带有着别样的意义,这并不是“正确”与“错误”的争论。而《大公报》在面对此种论争时兼容包并的态度,不得不说具有某种超前的“现代性”。 相似文献
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《普罗米修斯》2012,30(3):355-363
Considerable public debate surrounded the Bush Administration's policy to invade Iraq if it did not dismantle its purported stockpile of 'Weapons of Mass Destruction' and the wisdom of Australian participation in such an attack. This paper invokes Albert Hirschman's well-known 'rhetoric of reaction' taxonomy to examine the patterns of persuasive discourse embodied in the Australian debate over the desirability of Australian involvement in a war with Iraq. We seek to establish whether the Hirschmanian typology does indeed adequately describe rhetorical patterns in the Australian debate and we attempt to identify shortcomings in the analytical system proposed by Hirschman. 相似文献
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