Teacher ethics as a research problem: syntheses achieved and new issues

Research on teacher ethics and the moral dimensions of teaching has contributed to extensive and valuable knowledge, which has sometimes led to constructive syntheses of positions. Four research problems which have been elucidated are discussed in this article: the relationship between care and justice, the conflict between the ethics of virtue and the ethics of rules, the relationship between moral education and professional ethics and what is morally significant in the teaching profession. Furthermore, an invitation to renew the discussion and formulate the next generation of research problems is made. Two issues are proposed. First, to answer the question why is it so difficult to be a morally good teacher and, second, teachers’ moral responsibility for the content taught.     

从周公伦理思想看儒家伦理的精英定位

通过对儒家伦理思想的根源——周公伦理思想所具有的精英定位的论证,可以证明周公的伦理思想是儒家伦理文化的直接来源,周公伦理思想的精英性质决定了作为他的思想承袭的儒家文化必然是一种精英伦理。     

实训课程设计与师德建设的对接与联动——基于人力资源管理实训课的研究

实践教学是高校教学工作的重要组成部分,师德建设是培养学生人文道德素养的重要保证。通过实训教学内容拓展、教学方法选择及教学考核创新,可以促进实训课程设计与师德建设的对接与联动,实现实训课程设计与师德建设的双赢。     

工程与伦理的互渗与对话——再谈关于工程伦理学的若干问题

工程与伦理一直缺乏沟通与对话,许多工程界人士忽视了伦理因素在工程活动中的作用和重要性,也有许多伦理学家忽视了工程实践中出现的伦理问题。目前这种状况正在发生改变。美国的工程伦理学已经“起飞”,中国的工程伦理学则还处在“起飞”的“前夜”。在工程活动中,伦理要素深刻地渗透在其他要素之中。人们必须正视工程活动中经常出现的伦理意识薄弱的现象,工程界应该努力增强工程活动中的伦理意识,提高伦理自觉性,认真研究和正确处理工程活动中出现的各种伦理难题,另一方面,伦理学界也必须关注工程中的伦理问题,强化伦理学的工程关注与工程意识,大力发展工程伦理学这个新的分支学科。工程伦理学将会在工程与伦理的互渗与对话中迅速得到发展。     

论高校德育与新型师生关系伦理

本文从分析当前高校德育工作中存在的问题出发,提出了建立新的师生伦理关系来改善德育实施效果,并在对高校师生关系伦理及其存在问题的解析基础上,阐述了如何构建新师生伦理关系,并说明了新师生伦理关系对高校道德教育的作用。     

Exemplarity,expressivity, education

ABSTRACT

This article proposes that Catherine Elgin and Nelson Goodman’s work on exemplification is relevant for discussions within moral philosophy and moral education. Generalizing Elgin and Goodman’s account of exemplification to also cover ethics, the article develops a two-factor account of moral exemplarity. According to this account, instantiation and expressivity are individually necessary and jointly sufficient conditions for someone or something to function as a moral exemplar. Applying this two-factor account of exemplarity to discussions within the philosophy of moral education the article then argues that it is the expressive aspect of moral exemplars, which explains and justifies the educational significance of such exemplars. The article concludes by discussing the similarities and differences between the expressivity account and the transparency criterion formulated by Michel Croce and Maria Silvia Vaccarezza in a recent paper.     

THE TEACHER AND THE PROJECT PRINCIPLE

This article presents an initial exploration of the teaching of ethics by religion teachers in second level schools in Ireland. It is set against the moral issues faced in Irish society and the President's Ethics Initiative. The article examines the difference between the practice of morality and the science of ethics as well as ethical theories and traditions. It provides a brief background to Irish education at second level before turning to the results of the survey. It is the author's view that there is considerable teaching of ethics by religion teachers at second level schools in Ireland.     

西方宗教伦理与儒家伦理价值的现实启示

以比较分析的方法,对中国传统伦理价值和西方宗教伦理价值在道德观念、道德规范、人性以及道德理想等方面进行了分析,并归纳出各自伦理价值的不同特点。作者希望在传统伦理价值与现代经济伦理之间找到某种共同点及其现代意义。     

必须重视高校经济伦理教育

在当前道德教育中,经济伦理教育仍是一个相当欠缺甚至被忽视的方面.这不仅使我国的道德教育滞后于市场经济发展的要求,也影响了道德教育在社会主义市场经济建设中作用的有效发挥.本文从化解学生的道德困惑、激发进取心、敬业意识和培养市场经济所需要的健全主体三个方面,论证了重视高校经济伦理教育的必要性.     

制度伦理与德性伦理在大学德育中的契合

制度伦理和德性伦理有各自的功能和局限,它们在大学德育教育中都发挥着重要的作用。单独强调任何一个都不能很好地解决大学德育的实效性问题,只有让两者相互契合才能提高大学德育的实效性。本文论述了制度伦理与德性伦理在大学德育中契合的应然性和可能性。     

论孔子德育思想的现代意义

孔子德育思想对今天的社会仍然有着重要的影响。孔子德育思想中的“立志”与现代社会对人类精神家园的关注相契合 ;孔子德育思想中的“取利有道”与现代经济伦理相契合 ;孔子德育思想中的“明公私之别”与现代政治道德的要求相契合 ;孔子德育思想中的“仁者不忧”与现代和谐人际关系的要求相契合     

何谓“认同行动”?——规范伦理学的一种拓展性分析

规范伦理学视野中的"认同"意味着行动的"合道德"理由;但是,这还不能达成道德行动的行为动机与辩护理由之间的统一,所以,美德伦理指出"道德理论与道德生活"之间的不和谐。本文试图通过对"认同行动"的拓展性分析,在以"行动者(Agent)"为中心的规范伦理学结构框架中解决这一"内在矛盾"问题。具体指出:"认同"是指称行动者的道德意向行动;而"行动"意味着行动者"个体认同"的伦理性现实。在此基础之上,"消极的"与"积极的"两种认同行动的区分,意味着现代世界中"伦理认同"可行性形态的道德哲学基础转变。因而,行动者的"认同行动"内蕴于规范伦理学的结构之中,拓展了伦理的"规范性"空间,并且一定程度上纠正了德性伦理的传统世界与现代性之间的混淆。     

Professional Ethics in the College and University Science Curriculum

Scientific ethics is a subset of professional ethics, the special rules of conduct adopted by those engaged in one of the pursuits regarded as professions, such as law, medicine, engineering and science. Professional ethics derive from a moral ideal based on service. This ideal leads to a pair of bargains: an internal bargain that defines the internal code of practice within the profession, and an external bargain that defines the relationship between the profession and society. This article develops the internal and external bargains that are the basis of scientific ethics from both an historical and a philosophical perspective and makes suggestions as to how the teaching of scientific ethics can be integrated into the undergraduate curriculum.     

以德治国条件下的道德建设创新

道德教育及建设的领导主体和具体主体的确定 ,道德建设制度和方法的发展创新 ,是道德建设取得成效的前提 ;将德治和法制相结合、健全制度建设、促进各种道德建设的相互衔接、强调道德建设的实践养成教育和知行合一的道德理性培养、实践道德教育的素质教育和美育教育等原则运用到道德建设中 ,是实现道德教育良好社会效果的基本途径和根本方法     

论康德的道德自由与德性论

理性与自由是康德伦理学的重要概念,如若把康德的“理性”概念分为理论理性和实践理性,那么他的“自由”概念同样也可分为理性的自由和道德的自由。理论理性和理性的自由是属于思辨哲学研究的范畴,实践理性和道德的自由是属于伦理学研究的范畴。在康德看来,道德自由是人的道德活动之原因,德性是人的道德活动之结果。因此,在康德伦理学中道德自由与德性之间有着内在的逻辑联系,不仅如此,这种道德自由与德性之内在的逻辑联系恰恰体现着康德理性主义伦理思想的精神内涵。     

论"代表中国最广大人民根本利益"的伦理科学性

“代表中国最广大人民根本利益”是“三个代表”的核心,有着深刻的内涵。从伦理学的角度分析,“代表中国最广大人民根本利益”正确回答了道德是否代表利益,代表谁的利益的问题．是对伦理学基本问题的科学回答;正确地认识到道德的终极标准是为了人民的根本利益,是对道德终极标准的科学表达;正确认识到道德义务的实质在于人民的根本利益,道德义务的特征是出于必然性的自觉义务,是对道德义务的科学认识。     

呼唤中国法律的人伦精神——兼谈法律与道德

伦理道德与法律之间存在着相互渗透的关系,在法律中凝结着基本的道德价值判断,法律应该体现一定的人伦精神。本文分析了我国现行法律对人伦精神的体现及其原因,并呼唤从立法和司法两方面改进对人伦精神的体现。     

道德教育:在规范与德性之间

随着社会的转型与文化的多元，基于规范伦理的道德教育在目的、内容和方法等方面都面临着深层次的困境。要克服这些困境，道德教育必须把视野拓展到规范理论之外，从德性伦理那里寻找新的基点。这是由德性伦理的内在性、超越性与自律性所决定的。从根本上说，道德教育是介于规范与德性之间的，其可能的发展路径是：以德性养成为目的、以道德规范为内容。要实现这种道德教育，至少需要从以下方面入手：(1)转换道德教育的目的；(2)提供道德实践的机会；(3)发挥制度教化的作用；(4)融合传统美德的教育。     

大学生网络道德的生成困境与解决途径

网络以其独特的方式影响着社会的各个方面和领域,高校大学生更是深受其影响。网络在改变着大学生学习、思维和生活模式的同时,也影响到了大学生的道德意识生成。文章从网络道德的特点出发,分析了网络对大学生道德意识的影响尤其是负面影响,进而探讨了培养大学生网络道德的主要途径。     

Locally grounded,universally binding: The benefit of incorporating traditional care ethics,East and West,into current moral education

In this article, I am suggesting that one effective strategy for revitalizing moral education consists in incorporating classical traditions of care ethics, East and West, which are very much alive in contemporary culture, into sentiments, insights and practices of contemporary care ethics. In so doing we might make moral education much more accessible, natural and friendly to both teachers and students. First, it is associated with down to earth affective and relational elements rather than with highly theoretical philosophical reasoning; second, it is grounded in local cultural traditions that are very much alive in the ‘cultural DNA’ of millions of people in their traditional communities; third, in terms of its moral tenets it is humanistic and universally binding. The desirable outcome, if this model proves tenable, is moral education oriented by care ethics, locally grounded and universally binding.