英语口语提高之策略

本文从英语口语训练中学生常犯的几例错误分析入手,探讨了英语专业学生在口语交流中犯错的原因。本文作者认为英语口语训练中应强调的重点次序为：流利一准确一恰当。以此为基础,作者提出了口语训练中应遵循的五项基本策略。     

关于初中英语口语学习策略的思考与实践

口语学习策略是学习者直接用于口语学习过程的策略。听说结合,以听带说的口语训练策略能促进口语能力的提高;激励教育的口语训练策略能使学生不断地自我修正,体会到逐渐提高的喜悦,增强自信心;教师监控与学生交流合作相结合的训练方法能鼓励学生在交流后反思自己的言语行为。教师应在重视口语学习过程中采用多元化评价。     

初一语文口语协同训练策略

初一阶段虽然不是学生学习语言的最佳时期，但却是学生口头表达能力提高的关键时期。初中生对语法、修辞问题逐渐有了清晰的认识，因此在初一阶段大力进行口语训练极为必要，也很有效。训练初一学生的口语能力，要特别注意多种能力与形式的协同训练策略。     

小学中年级口语交际指导初探

口语交际训练要落到实处,必须探究有效的教学模式,开发有效的训练途径,引导学生想说、会说、善听,互动交流,切实提高学生口语交际的能力。本文结合个人的教学实践,从四个方面来谈小学中年级口语交际训练的有效策略。     

语文新课标下口语教学训练模式探究

语言是交际的工具,作为口语交际的裁体——普通话。有利于促进人们的交流,在口语交际活动中起着至关重要的作用,课程改革以来。各种教育理论虽然如雨后春笋殷呈现出一派繁荣的态势。但是,对于实践性探作性训练方式的探索却显得不足,教育研究的关键是实践教师如何把理论有效地运用于实战,解决这一问题的方法就是建构教学模式,面对新课标提出的加强学生口语交际能力的目标,结合语文教学特点,本文提出。定向漱趣——观察模仿——参与练习——自主练习——迁移创新’五步法口语训练模式,希望能够丰富口语训练的策略。     

探索培养高职学生口头表达能力的方法

随着社会不断进步，创新、开放、宽容、和谐已成为实现人类社会可持续发展这个主题的关键词，而要做到创新、开放、宽容、和谐，人们越来越重视交流与沟通，在深圳，人们甚至已提出“讲话也是生产力”，并开设许多旨在训练讲话能力的训练班。据央视等媒体报道，这些训练班“生意”还持续走红着。近年来，笔者多次接受所在区域的各级党委、政府职能部门以及各企事业单位邀请，为其员工培训政务、公务、警务、商务交流中的口语表达技能，正是在这些培训中，我深切体会到，我们必须重视并培养即将步入社会的大学生具有较强的口语沟通与交流能力。口语沟通与交流能力即口才，不同于人的相貌，它是完全需要后天培养并不断训练以Et臻完善的。同时认识到口才训练是一个长期不懈的过程。     

口语交际话题资源的开发

口语交际的话题是指学生在交流沟通的过程中谈论、议论、争论的中心,同时是思想交流、情感沟通、观点阐述、议论评判的核心,也正是通过话题,将交际情境中的双方维系在一起。在小学语文口语交际教学中,话题选择不仅会影响学生口语交际训练的兴趣,更直接影响了口语交际训练的质量。因此,我们必须关注口语交际话题资源的开发。     

口语训练在高职英语教学中的应用

当前大多高职院校学生的英语基础较为薄弱,尤其在实际交流中英语应用能力不强。因此,教师要善用口语训练,提高高职学生的口语能力,让英语能够真正运用到实际的交流中,提升学生运用语言的能力。本文主要分析了口语训练的重要作用,并对口语训练在高职英语教学中的运用策略进行研究。     

阅读教学中口语交际的四个度

口语交际是最基本的语言信息交流手段。在阅读教学中进行口语交际训练,对于小学生应该把握四个度。 一、循序渐进的梯度 口语训练要从学生的年龄特点与认知特点出发,根据从易到难,从基本到综合,从一般到特殊的规律循序渐进,训练的过程要呈梯度渐进。     

提升低年级学生口语训练有效性的策略

《小学语文课程标准(2011年版)》中指出“口语交际能力是现代公民的必备能力.应培养学生倾听、表达和应对的能力,使学生具有文明和谐地进行人际交流的素养”.它明确了口语交际的重要地位,同时也对“口语交际”在不同学段分别提出了不同的目标,但实际操作仍需加强.因此作为起始年级,我们必须围绕“以学生的发展为本”,紧扣“三个一切”,从不同的角度运用不同的策略提升学生口语训练的有效性,在语文教学的各个环节有机渗透口语训练,为学生的生存和可持续发展奠定基础.     

Dialogic classroom talk in early childhood education: The effect on language skills and social competence

The first purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of dialogic classroom talk on children's language skills (i.e. oral communicative competence and receptive vocabulary knowledge). The second purpose was to examine the effect of this type of classroom talk on children's social competence (i.e. theory of mind and social acceptance). A total of 17 teachers and 311 children (aged 4–7 years) participated in this study. Eight teachers participated in an 8-week intervention directed at dialogic classroom talk. Multilevel analyses revealed that the intervention had a significant effect on children's oral communicative competence. No significant effects were found on children's receptive vocabulary knowledge, theory of mind, and social acceptance. The results of this study indicate that dialogic classroom talk is beneficial for children's oral communicative competence. Further research is required in order to investigate how dialogic classroom talk might affect receptive vocabulary knowledge and social competence as well.     

口译技巧中的图式理论研究

本研究试图通过有关背景知识的口译实验,探讨背景知识(即图式)对英汉口译过程的影响。研究结果表明:背景知识有助于提高口译成效;口译成效与英文语言水平相关,但语言水平的缺陷可以通过背景知识来弥补。     

Relationships between motivational strategies and cognitive learning in distance education courses

This study examines the relationships between students’ academic levels, the use of motivational regulation strategies, and cognitive learning strategies. A total of 141 undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in online distance courses participated in the study. The findings show that students use different motivational regulation strategies and cognitive learning strategies depending on their academic levels. Additionally, hierarchical regression analyses using two dependent variables (i.e., surface level learning strategy and deep processing level learning strategy) indicate that a surface level learning strategy (i.e., rehearsal) and deep processing level strategies (i.e., elaboration, organization, and critical thinking) are predicted by different sets of motivational regulation strategies after controlling for academic level and age. The results provide distance educators and instructional designers with practical suggestions on how to support undergraduate and graduate students’ motivational needs and further promote their use of cognitive learning strategies in online distance education programs in higher education.     

英语口语交际策略课堂教学的实证研究

本文报告了有关英语口语交际策略课堂教学的一次实验。本次实验为期一个学期，旨在探明口语交际策略的可教性、学生对口语交际策略教学的认同程度及学生使用交际策略的倾向性。本研究所取得的实验数据表明：1．交际策略是可教的，并且是有效提高学生的策略意识和促进口语流利性的一种重要手段。2．学生认同交际策略课堂教学，对不同交际策略的倾向程度不同，较多认可和喜欢迂回策略和拖延策略。3．学生策略意识的提高并未表示他们的实际策略使用频率和能力会有同等程度的增长。     

Teachers' perceived usefulness of strategy microanalytic assessment information

The current study examined special education teachers' ratings of the usefulness of strategy microanalytic assessment (SMA) (i.e., self‐regulation, strategy use) and standardized norm‐referenced assessment information (SNRA) (i.e., cognitive and academic skills). Ninety‐six participants separately rated the frequency with which SMA and SNRA are used in schools and the usefulness of each report [i.e., Teacher Rating Questionnaire (TRQ)] for intervention planning about a case study. A mixed model experimental design revealed that even though SNRA information is more typical of the data provided in evaluation reports/Individualized Educational Programs, the SMA data were rated significantly more helpful than the SNRA for enhancing important school‐related outcomes (e.g., test performance) as well as teacher‐related roles (e.g., developing instructional plans). Despite the participants' consistent preference for SMA information, their overall TRQ ratings of the SNRA were positive. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 149–155, 2006.     

The relations among L1 (Spanish) literacy skills,L2 (English) language,L2 text reading fluency,and L2 reading comprehension for Spanish-speaking ELL first grade students

We investigated the relations of L2 (i.e., English) oral reading fluency, silent reading fluency, word reading automaticity, oral language skills, and L1 literacy skills (i.e., Spanish) to L2 reading comprehension for Spanish-speaking English language learners in the first grade (N = 150). An analysis was conducted for the entire sample as well as for skilled and less skilled word readers. Results showed that word reading automaticity was strongly related to oral and silent reading fluency, but oral language skill was not. This was the case not only for the entire sample but also for subsamples of skilled and less skilled word readers, which is a discrepant finding from a study with English-only children (Kim et al., 2011). With regard to the relations among L2 oral language, text reading fluency, word reading automaticity, reading comprehension, and L1 literacy skills, patterns of relations were similar for skilled versus less skilled word readers with oral reading fluency, but different with silent reading fluency. When oral and silent reading fluency were in the model simultaneously, oral reading fluency, but not silent reading fluency, was uniquely related to reading comprehension. Children's L1 literacy skill was not uniquely related to reading comprehension after accounting for other L2 language and literacy skills. These results are discussed in light of a developmental theory of text reading fluency.     

Science knowledge and cognitive strategy use among culturally and linguistically diverse students

Science performance is determined, to a large extent, by what students already know about science (i.e., science knowledge) and what techniques or methods students use in performing science tasks (i.e., cognitive strategies). This study describes and compares science knowledge, science vocabulary, and cognitive strategy use among four diverse groups of elementary students: (a) monolingual English Caucasian, (b) African-American, (c) bilingual Spanish, and (d) bilingual Haitian Creole. To facilitate science performance in culturally and linguistically congruent settings, the study included student dyads and teachers of the same language, culture, and gender. Science performance was observed using three science tasks: weather phenomena, simple machines, and buoyancy. Data analysis involved a range of qualitative methods focusing on major themes and patterns, and quantitative methods using coding systems to summarize frequencies and total scores. The findings reveal distinct patterns of science knowledge, science vocabulary, and cognitive strategy use among the four language and culture groups. The findings also indicate relationships among science knowledge, science vocabulary, and cognitive strategy use. These findings raise important issues about science instruction for culturally and linguistically diverse groups of students.     

大学英语口语交际策略教学研究

在回顾交际和交际策略相关理论的基础上,对口语课上三种主要交际策略（迂回表达策略、澄清策略、确认检查策略）教学的效果进行实证分析。在其他教学因素基本相同的情况下,对控制班和实验班分别进行普通口语教学和导入策略口语教学。研究发现在口语教学中引入交际策略,能加强学生对交际策略的理解,增加学生使用交际策略的频率,并在一定程度上增强口语交际能力。     

大学英语口语教学中元认知策略培养的实证研究

本文通过教学试验研究,以探讨在英语口语教学中融入元认知策略训练是否能有效提高英语口语教学效果.研究结果表明,在英语口语教学中融入元认知策略训练教学效果显著,学生的元认知能力和自主学习能力明显增强,英语口语水平快速提高.     

“Commenting on your work is a waste of time only!”: An appraisal-based study of evaluative language in supervisory feedback

Research on supervisory feedback on master’s theses, especially attitudinal stances conveyed in such feedback, is thin on the ground. Students’ construal of their supervisors’ attitudes, however, can have a profound impact on their engagement with supervisory feedback. Drawing on the appraisal framework, which characterizes attitudinal meanings in terms of affect (i.e., emotional responses), judgement (i.e., normative evaluation of human behaviors) and appreciation (i.e., aesthetically-/socially-based evaluation of objects and products), this study examined Nepalese supervisors’ attitudinal stances communicated in written comments on master’s thesis drafts (n = 76) submitted by English-as-a-foreign-language students and oral feedback on proposal and thesis defences (n = 89). Quantitative analyses revealed that while instances of appreciation dominated in the supervisors’ use of evaluative language, judgements were also frequent, with affective responses trailing far behind. In both the oral feedback and written comments, significant disciplinary variations were observed for certain types of judgment and appreciation. These findings are discussed in terms of disciplinary culture and the potential impact of the attitudinal stances on students’ learning. Implications are derived for the productive framing of supervisory feedback to facilitate students’ feedback uptake.