The Evaluation of BEC Vantage(Oral Test)

The validity and reliability of BEC Vantage are the key factors to the success and failure of oral test.This paper evaluates the speaking test of BEC Vantage by analyzing the reliability,authenticity,validity and the assessment of the test.     

Validity Considerations in Designing an Oral English Test

Speaking is the main purpose and most important skill for second language learning.This paper reviews the important validity considerations in designing a test,such as face validity,content validity,on the basis of which the author analyzes the oral test paper for the postgraduate entrance interview in Shaanxi University of Technology,thus putting forward some methods to improve the test paper.     

Evaluation of an Oral Test Paper

This paper is to evaluate an oral test paper for the middle school graduates of Jiangsu Province according to its validity and reliability.And then the advice on how to improve the reliability is given.     

An Analysis on Content Validity and Its Backwash Effects of CET4-Writing

Based on some theories of content validity and backwash,this paper attempts to discuss CET4-Writing from two aspects.Firstly,the content validity of the CET4 writing test will is discussed by analyzing its material,style,pattern,time allotment,score,score principle and score criteria.Secondly,backwash effect is analyzed with the help of the data collected from the questionnaire.In the end,three suggestions are given:(1)real-world task should gain propriety to improve authenticity of the test;(2)the diversity in test formats is strongly recommended to avoid `teaching to test' behaviors;(3)CE teachers highlight their teaching role.     

Reading Testing and Its Validity——with the analysis on some CET—4 sample tests

In this paper,the author discusses reading testing and its validity,and the requirements of reading to test takers as well as the principles which determine the validity of reading testing. By analyzing two GET - 4 model test( reading section), he shows how to make a test of great validity so as to ensure the accuracy and objectiveness of a test.     

Interpretation of Key Concepts in Language Testing: Validity,Validation and Reliability

Language testing is an important link in language teaching,in this paper,the two important criteria of language test the reliability and validity has carried on the detailed elaboration,in order to a language teacher proposition and evaluation test more scientific.     

Influence of reaction piles on test pile response in a static load test

This work presents a new analytical method to analyze the influence of reaction piles on the test pile response in a static load test.In our method,the interactive effect between soil and pile is simulated using independent springs and the shear displacement method is adopted to analyze the influence of reaction piles on test pile response.Moreover,the influence of the sheltering effect between reaction piles and test pile on the test pile response is taken into account.Two cases are analyzed to verify the rationality and efficiency of the present method.This method can be easily extended to a nonlinear response of an influenced test pile embedded in a multilayered soil,and the validity is also demonstrated using centrifuge model tests and a computer program presented in the literature.The present analyses indicate that the proposed method will lead to an underestimation of the test pile settlement in a static load test if the influence of the presence of reaction piles on the test pile response is neglected.     

Examining the Validity and Reliability of Reading Comprehension of IELTS

IELTS(International English Language Testing System) is one of the most popular testing in China for those who will study abroad in the countries of the Commonwealth of Nations,or immigrate to those countries.Compared with TOFEL,IELTS is usually considered to have a higher degree of validity and reliability.This paper focuses on the validity and reliability of reading comprehension by examining one reading material from a book named《雅思阅读高分榜中榜》,through which the validity and reliability of the reading test could be inferred.     

An Evaluation of Testing for English Majors Level 8 in China

The paper mainly presents the evaluation of a test named Testing for English Majors(TEM8) undertaken in China’s higher education institution concerning the following aspects: test purpose, test specifications, candidates and the specific test techniques. The evaluation is based on Bachman and Palmer’s framework of test usefulness which included test validity, reliability,practicality and backwash effect. The evaluation indicates that this test is proved to be a successful language test which satisfy testdevelopers’ purpose to measure test-takers’ overall language ability.     

Practice on assessing grammar and vocabulary： The case of the TOEFL

The Test of English as a Foreign Language （TOEFL） brings tremendous influence to EFL （English as a Foreign Language） learners worldwide. TOEFL 2000 project claims that TOEFL, as a more reflective of communicative model, could provide more information about international students＇ language ability that it is supposed to measure. However, after detailed analyzing an authentic paper-based test paper in May, 2001 in China as a sample from four aspects--test reliability, construct validity, authenticity and interactiveness respectively, it is found that the test puts too much emphasis on vocabulary and grammar knowledge within almost every session of the test paper, in which ＂structure and written expression＂ could be the most disputed part. The content could not fully demonstrate its validity and communicative purposes so that it is suspected that test takers could meet the later demands in academic study abroad. Nevertheless, this is a powerful explanation about the current revolutionized change in the framework and content of TOEFL to meet the principles of designing a test, which could provide more information and guidance for later test designs.     

Exploratory study of logistics service quality scale based on online shopping malls

Online shopping has already become the new mode that a lot of customers try to adopt. At the same time, the online shopping could not be successfully completed without logistics service. Logistics service quality (LSQ) has significant impact on revenue and profitability. This paper presents the issue from the perspective of the customer, and explores the initial factors of LSQ based on the online shopping through in-depth interview and the Delphi method. The survey uses a standard 7-point Likert-type scale to measure the LSQ. Empirical research results are shown in detail to confirm seven LSQ dimensions with Chinese characteristics, including timeliness quality, personal contact quality, order quality, order discrepancy handling, order condition and convenience. Statistical analyses of the investigation were conducted to test the reliability and validity of the LSQ evaluation model.     

A Study on the Predictive Validity of Reading Comprehension Part in the Simulated NMET

Reading comprehension test occupies nearly one third of the total NMET (National Matriculation English Test) mark. The simulated NMET is designed in accordance with the requirements of the NMET to find out learning weakness, predict their performance on the NMET and make sufficient preparation for the NMET. Predictive validity is used to explore the predictive degree of language testing. On the basis of theories on predictive validity, this study tries to investigate the predictive validity of reading comprehension part in the simulated NMET and hopes to exert positive influence on senior three English teaching.     

Study on reliability technology of contactor relay

In this paper, the reliability of contactor relay is studied. There are three main parts about reliability test and analysis. First, in order to analyze reliability level of contact relay, the failure ratio ranks are established as index base on the product level. Second, the reliability test method is put forward. The sample plan of reliability compliance test is gained from reliability sample theory. The failure criterion is ensured according to the failure modes of contactor relay. Third, after reliability test experiment, the analysis of failure physics is made and the failure reason is found.     

A study on validity of a test paper of College English Test-Band Three

Based on the validity theory of foreign language testing, this article analyzes a test paper of College English Test-Band Three. It sets focus on the discussion of listening comprehension, vocabulary and structure testing, reading comprehension and translation testing. In the end the author gives some personal opinions and suggestions on College English Test-Band Three.     

Financial crisis early-warning model of listed companies based on predicted value

To establish a financial early-warning model with high accuracy of discrimination and achieve the aim of long-term prediction, principal component analysis (PCA), Fisher discriminant, together with grey forecasting models are used at the same time. 110 A-share companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchange are selected as research samples. And 10 extractive factors with 89.746% of all the original information are determined by applying PCA, which obtains the goal of dimension reduction without information loss. Based on the index system, the early-warning model is constructed according to the Fisher rules. And then the GM(1,1) is adopted to predict financial ratios in 2004, according to 40 testing samples from 2000 to 2003. Finally, two different methods, a self-validated and a forecasting-validated, are used to test the validity of the financial crisis warning model. The empirical results show that the model has better predictability and feasibility, and GM(1,1) contributes to the ability to make long-term predictions.     

Experimental study of structural damage identification based on WPT and coupling NN

Too many sensors and data information in structural health monitoring system raise the problem of how to realize multi-sensor information fusion. An experiment on a three-story frame structure was conducted to obtain vibration test data in 36 damage cases. A coupling neural network (NN) based on multi-sensor information fusion is proposed to achieve identification of damage occurrence, damage localization and damage quantification, respectively. First, wavelet packet transform (WPT) is used to extract features of vibration test data from structure with different damage extent. Then, data fusion is conducted by assembling feature vectors of different type sensors. Finally, three sets of coupling NN are constructed to implement decision fusion and damage identification. The results of experimental study proved the validity and feasibility of the proposed methodology.     

Evaluations on TEM-4 Oral Test

TEM-4 Oral Test is designed for second-year English majors in China to measure their English speaking skill.In this article,the author first gave an introduction to the purpose,format and content,and scoring criteria and procedures of the TEM-4 Oral Test.Then she evaluated the test on the aspects of validity,reliability and backwash.Though the test is feasible at present,it still has some problems in implementation.In the second section,the author also gave some advice on the improvement of the test.     

An Evaluation of the English Achievement Test for Junior High School Graduation 2012

This paper evaluates the Achievement Test for Junior High School Graduation in reliability,validity and practicality,which is aimed to help junior English teachers to understand how to identify a useful test and develop their test writing skills as well as improve their teaching.The result suggests that the Achievement Test is a reasonably reliable and valid test though some of the listening items need to be improved.It is the ideal frame of evaluating language learning through language testing.     

Nonlinear modelling of a SOFC stack by improved neural networks identification

The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a nonlinear system that is hard to model by conventional methods. So far,most existing models are based on conversion laws,which are too complicated to be applied to design a control system. To facilitate a valid control strategy design,this paper tries to avoid the internal complexities and presents a modelling study of SOFC per-formance by using a radial basis function (RBF) neural network based on a genetic algorithm (GA). During the process of mod-elling,the GA aims to optimize the parameters of RBF neural networks and the optimum values are regarded as the initial values of the RBF neural network parameters. The validity and accuracy of modelling are tested by simulations,whose results reveal that it is feasible to establish the model of SOFC stack by using RBF neural networks identification based on the GA. Furthermore,it is possible to design an online controller of a SOFC stack based on this GA-RBF neural network identification model.     

Experimental Study on Cyclic Mechanics Characteristic of Saturated Soft Clay Strata

Failure criterion of saturated soft clay is studied under cyclic loads through different experiments. A large number of cyclic torsional shear and cyclic triaxial tests on saturated soft clay under unconsolidated undrained condition are conducted. From the test result analysis, it is seen that the failure of saturated soft clay under static and cyclic loads satisfies Mises criterion. The result from different test stress states is not related to the test stress states or confining pressures. It can be applied in general stress states. Then according to the Mises criterion, the equivalent relationship on failure moment between the test stress state and the general stress state can be established. So the cyclic mechanics characteristics of saturated soft clay at failure moment are clarified in this paper. Furthermore, a theory basis is provided for using pseudo-static elasto-plastic cyclic strength model to evaluate cyclic bearing capacity.