理论实践结合法在地质学与地貌学教学中的应用

理论实践结合法就是以教学大纲为本,课堂理论讲授为基础,野外实地考证为主导方法,提高学生认知能力和创新能力为目的,多种野外教学环节为手段,以确保教学质量为目标的教学方法。     

利用农村环境资源提高初中生物学教学质量

由于基础设施的限制,农村中学学生视野较窄,但他们所处的生活环境中生物资源丰富多彩．农村中学生物教学可利用得天独厚的自然资源,促进教学,激发学生的学习兴趣,引导学生更好地学习生物,认识生物资源与人们生活的密切关系,促进学生的资源保护意识,培养高尚的情操。     

Learning in the workplace for garage mechanics and technicians

Employees in technical firms, like garages, need more and more formations. Due to the very fast innovation in technology, lifelong learning is a real need for these labour forces. On the other hand, there are the needed formations very specialized and expensive. Another problem employers faced in these economical sectors in Western Europe is the lack of candidates. Also in secondary education schools, the wide interest for these formations is decreasing. One of the factors causes this problem is that schools don＇t have enough money for investing in new and high-tech machines. Therefore two interreg projects were submitted and approved for financing. Interreg is an initiative of the European Union meant for the permanent development of the ＂European Space＂. The third phase of interreg means enhancing the economic and social cohesion within the European Union. In this paper, we describe two successful projects, namely Autoweb and V@K, which try to help employers, employees, schools and students to keep up with the high-tech innovations with a workplace-based e-learning program.     

The quantifying analysis of effectiveness of music learning through the Dalcroze musical method

Movement activities can be used to integrate with any other curriculum in childhood education. The movements can inspire the sense of rhythmic concepts for children. This study aims at investigating how children can be motivated and inspired rhythmically by body movement through Dalcroze approach. In this research, the author revealed how physical movements can motivate children＇s potential sense of rhythm and inspire children＇s interest of musical rhythmic concepts learning. The study was conducted with 1000 primary school 6th grade students from twenty primary schools in Taipei, Taiwan. These 1000 6th grade students have the same age, same music syllabus and have equally same music training at their schools. The 1000 students were divided into two equal groups, one having different activities of body movements at school, and the other without. The different activities included tapping, swinging, clapping, turning, and stamping simple rhythms. The experiments consisted two parts which were rhythm dictation and improvisational skills. All the participants were equally given the pre-test and post-test as evidences of progress of the experiment, and the researcher then compared with the differences of the two tests of the two groups before and after the experiment to see if there were any progress in their learning of musical rhythms. The study lasted 6 months and consisted of three stages： observation, comparison, and analysis. The author observed and compared the two groups of students, analyzed the results and found out that the two groups demonstrated obvious differences in their degree of progress on learning of musical rhythms.     

Laser-based manufacturing concepts for efficient production of tailor welded sheet metals

Laser welding is an established manufacturing technology for a large variety of automotive applications due to its attractive properties such as low heat input, high precision and fast welding speed. Especially when welding high strength steels, which are dominantly used in today＇s car body construction, the low heat input by laser welding bears significant advantages with regard to the properties of the weld seam. The exploitation of the full application potential of laser welding in mass production requires an appropriate manufacturing concept and corresponding auxiliary technologies. The present paper demonstrates the integration of laser welding into the surrounding manu- facturing concepts by a modular setup with different levels of automation. This approach offers flexible solutions for individual needs thereby optimizing investment cost, labor cost and productivity. Recently available laser sources enable exceptionally high welding speed on thin gauged sheet metals but require efficient material handling con- cepts to utilize the full speed potential. Industrial concepts are presented offering efficient material handling and high process robustness for mass production welding.     

Accessibility in post secondary education： Application of UDL to college curriculum

The inclusion of students with disabilities at the university is a relatively new occurrence in the field of special education. Although legislation in the United States has supported the acceptance of students with disabilities at the post-secondary level, it has only provided minimal support with the emphasis on the learner rather than the curriculum. Now we are looking for multiple ways for students to access learning and demonstrate mastery. Universal Design for Learning （UDL） is currently seen as a means to reconceptionalize curriculum. This study examines the experience of four professors and their effort to use a Classroom Performance System （CPS） as part of reformatting their courses using UDL. The Center for Applied Special Technology, CAST （2001） states that the goal of Universal Design for Learning is to develop teaching methods that enable all students with diverse learning needs, including those with disabilities and cultural differences, to have equal access to classroom curriculum. This paradigm shift echoes the move in special education from a deficit model to a minority rights model put forward by Hahn （1989）, and which is the basis of inclusive educational philosophy. Together inclusion and UDL create learning environments that strive to serve all students. This research describes the implementation of clickers as part of the CPS program in college courses in a special education teacher preparation program. The case study demonstrates how technology can provide access for all learners with positive outcomes such as increased participation and application of knowledge. It also illustrates some of the difficulties in making this pedagogical paradigm shift particularly in the use of technology, and the value of overcoming the existing barriers in place.     

中学生物教学合理运用多媒体技术的探讨

如何充分发挥多媒体辅助教学的优势，将多媒体技术合理运用于中学生物教学，以取得最佳教学效果，是值得深入探讨的课题．在农村中学高中生物学教学过程中，对新授课、复习课以及实验课等3种课型教学进行了对照试验，认为对抽象知识教学及系统复习课运用多媒体手段效果较佳，但多媒体课件演示不能替代学生实验操作技能的训练．     

Crystal structure and formation mechanism of the secondary phase in Heusler Ni-Mn-Sn-Co materials

In the present work, crystal structure and for- mation mechanism of the secondary phase in Heusler Ni- Mn-Sn-Co materials were investigated using X-ray dif- fraction, scanning/transmission electron microscopy and selected-area electron diffraction techniques. Experimental results showed that the secondary phase presented in both Ni44.1Mn35.1Sn10.8Co10 as-cast bulk alloy and melt-spun ribbon, possessing a face-centered cubic （fcc） NilTSn3-type structure. The secondary phase in the as-cast bulk alloy was resulted from a eutectic reaction after the formation of a primary dendritic flphase during cooling. However in the melt-spun rapidly solidified ribbon, the secondary phase was largely suppressed as nano-precipitates distributed along the grain boundaries, which was attributed to a divorced eutectic reaction. The secondary phase exhibited partial amorphous state due to high local cooling rate.     

Same vague expression, different conceptualizations

The study was to investigate the vague words measurement across native and non-native English speakers and gender differences. Ninety-two students from the University of Oklahoma participated in this study by filling out an internet-based questionnaire on the vague words. The researchers put each of the thirty-two vague words in a context, or the same word put into different contexts. The participants were asked to rate the degree or the numerical value that they thought was the most appropriate in the context of the vague word. It was found that ten out of the thirty-two words had a significant difference across the native and non-native English speakers, and two of thirty-two words had a significant difference across genders. The word ＂fairly＂ showed the most significant difference interactions of language speaking by gender.     

启发归纳法在高中生物实验教学的尝试

高中生物实验教学是高中生物教学的重点和难点,因此教会学生归纳分类进行应对十分必要．在此基础上掌握实验的原理分析,实验步骤设计,实验结果的分析,提高灵活运用实验知识和具有不同情境下迁移知识的能力．     

坚定道路自信

要使大学生成长为中国特色社会主义事业的合格建设者和可靠接班人,不仅要大力提高他们的科学文化素质,更要大力提高他们的思想政治素质。特别是坚定社会主义、共产主义信念,坚定对我们所走道路的自信。本文从大学生思想特点入手,提出了相关问题,并探析了坚持道路自信的依据。     

概念图在高中生物复习总结中应用的初探

高中生物复习课教学是师生双方从新的视角对所学知识进行系统梳理、深化、拓宽及灵活应用的教与学的过程．应用概念图可以有效地组织课程内容,激发学生自主构建生物学知识体系,使知识概括化、网络化,并能灵活地迁移．     

Use of Reference in the Narratives of Kurdish-Persian Bilingual Children

This study investigates some of the differences and similarities between Kurdish-Persian bilinguals and Persian monolinguals with respect to the use of referring expressions in spoken narratives. The narratives were elicited from 36 participants, consisting of 24 bilinguals （Groups l and 2） and 12 monolinguals （Group 3） in the first four grades of primary school using picture narrative book. The results have revealed that Group 1 （bilinguals told the story in Kurdish） used definite noun phrases most frequently followed by zero anaphors, indefinite noun phrases, and pronouns. Group 2 who narrated the story in Persian produced definite nouns most frequently followed by pronouns, zero anaphors, and indefinite noun phrases. Group 3 （Persian monolinguals） employed definite noun phrases most frequently followed by zero anaphors, pronouns, and indefinite noun phrases. The significant difference between Groups 1 and 2 and Groups 2 and 3 has been in indefinite noun phrases and between Groups 1 and 3 in the use of pronouns. One reason is that children universally apply similar strategies regardless of their first language （L l）. The conclusion is that some of the differences are due to the difference in the structure between Persian and the dialects of Kurdish.     

How intuition contributes to high performance： An educational perspective

Intuition usually is defined as the capability to act or decide appropriately without deliberately and consciously balancing alternatives, without following a certain rule or routine, and possibly without awareness （Gigerenzer, 2007; Hogarth, 2001; Klein, 2003; Myers, 2002）. It allows action which is quick （e.g. reaction to a challenging situation） and surprising, in the sense that it is extraordinary in performance level or shape. This paper reports theories of intuition and their empirical evidence in the field of professional work. It aims at reporting the state of research on intuition, discussing the relevance of different approaches for analyzing work performance, and describing challenges for future empirical research in the domain of professional working life.     

专题化合作讨论教学模式及其在教学中的应用

已有研究和教学实践均表明,合作讨论教学模式能够有效提高教学效果,但新兴多学科交叉课程的教学对此提出了更高要求。基于合作讨论教学的建构主义基础理论,针对新兴交叉学科课程教学过程中教学专题多且相互独立的特征,本文构建了"选题-导学-自学-小组讨论-演讲-反馈"的专题化合作讨论教学模式,并将其应用于"环境地质学"教学中。结果表明,本文提出的专题化合作讨论教学模式可充分调动学生的学习积极性,促进教学方法的自优化过程,在"环境地质学"的教学实践中取得了较好的教学效果。     

新课程理念指导下的初中数学小组合作学习初探

合作学习作为一种教学模式是基础教育改革实验的一项新举措．合作学习的意义既体现在促进学生智力因素的开发，也体现在非智力因素的发展．然而在课改实验的探索和实践中，往往出现一些关于合作学习的困惑和误区，这就要求教育工作者不断改进教学方式，将合作学习的意义充分体现出来．     

新课程背景对高中化学教学的几点看法

我国正在进行新一轮的基础教育课程改革,着力改变以往课程内容的难、繁、偏、旧的倾向和单一的课程结构,构建起能充分体现综合性、均衡性和选择性的新的基础教育课程体系．随着高中新课程的实施,贯彻新课程精神,实现教学改革,提高教学效益,是每个教师必须不断探索实践的问题．从授课内容深广度的把握、对学生的调查与分析、注重教学过程的人文性、开展好研究性学习等方面进行了探索和实践,调动了学生主动参与学习的积极性,又培养了学生关心社会的情感态度,提高了教学质量．     

生物学史在课堂教学中的教育价值及其应用

生物学史不仅体现了生命科学知识的形成过程，而且蕴涵着科学家的科学态度、科学精神，对于培养学生的生物学素养和人文素养都具有积极的教育意义．因此如何更好地挖掘生物学史的教育功能并正确运用是生物教学中应该探究的重要课题．     

Correlation between process parameters and primary dendrite arm spacing in laser welding of Cu and Al

A combined numerical model of thermal field and the primary dendrite arm spacing （PDAS） was proposed to correlate the process parameters and PDAS in laser welding of Cu and A1. The solidification parameters simulated by the finite volume method with commercial software ANASYS FLUENT were applied in the PDAS model to predict the dendrite arm spacing of fusion zone. Dendrite was also examined by the metallographic method to validate the model. Results indicate that the calculated PDAS agrees with metallographic measurements reasonably, especially the Hunt model. PDAS increases apparently with increasing laser power while decreases slightly with increasing welding speed. Increasing laser power increases the secondary dendrite and increasing welding speed increases the microporosity in dendrite.