脉搏自我监测法

体育锻炼可以使青年人变得健美,使中老年人祛病延年。可如果盲目地锻炼,不考虑自身状况,往往收益少,甚至带来副作用。这里给大家介绍一种简便易行的自我监测保护法——“脉搏测定法”: 安静时,用食指、中指、无名指轻压手腕桡动脉,以十秒种为单位连续记数脉搏频率,如果连续三个十秒的脉率一样,即以此数乘六,得出每分钟的脉搏频率。运动后脉率上升,一般以运动后即刻第一分钟前十秒脉率乘六,推算出运动后第一分钟的平均脉率。还可以根据运动后每分钟前十秒的脉率推算出脉搏的恢复时间。     

儿童少年改进台阶试验前后心血管系统机能变化分析

前言在进行湖北省儿童少年心脏血管系统改进台阶试验方法及其评定标准研究过程中,我们除测定了该课题所必需的登台阶后(以下简称负荷后)第2分钟前30秒的脉搏频率(以下简称脉率)外,还测定了登台阶前安静时(以下简称负荷前)和负荷后第1分钟的脉率和血压,以了解改进台阶试验前、后脉率、血压的变化,观察改进台阶试验负荷对心脏血管系统机能的影响。并通过对收缩压/脉率心功能指数的分析讨论及其评定标准的制定,对湖北儿     

心率、脉象在体育课中的运用

心率（也称脉率）是用来测定体育课运动负荷的一种简便方法。有人研究提出平均脉率130次/分，能获得最大的吸氧量和心输出量，对心肺功能影响最好。据日本研究，学生脉率每分钟在130次以下，练习无精打采，没有生气；每分钟在130－150次之间，练习的兴奋性高、持续时间长、锻炼效果好；每分钟在150次以上持续练习2－3分钟就出现疲劳。我国有人研究提出体育课学生脉率在130－140次/分之间最为适合。为了避免体育课的运动量过大或过小，教师必须教会学生摸脉搏、数脉率。当学生练习到一定程度后，就可利用练习的间隙由教师统一时间，让学生数1…     

多功能遥测脉率仪的设计

<正> 一、前言运动状态下的脉率变化情况,常作为体育科研、运动训练和体育教学中,观察人体生理、心理、运动负荷等的参数。测量人体处于运动状态下的脉率,不同于静止状态下的直接     

体育文摘栏

<正> 晨脉监督法——自我掌握长跑运动量(作者:郭宝善) 一、测定晨脉平均值。在身体状况较正常的日子里,测出每天早晨睡醒后(不起床)一分钟脉搏次数,连测五次(每日一次),算出平均数,这个数值就是自己的“标准脉率”。二、长跑锻炼后。要经常测定晨脉,并与“标准脉率”对照。1.测出的晨脉次数与“标准脉率”相同。这说     

李柱宏(2007)年度训练周期安排特征及训练负荷分析

对我国优秀马拉松运动员李柱宏2007年度训练周期特征进行了分析,得出以下结论:第一大周期训练负荷量和负荷强度达到训练计划要求,使运动员达到最佳竞技状态,比赛取得了理想成绩;第二大周期准备期和竞赛期训练中,专项耐力负荷量相对偏低(准备期专项耐力负荷量占总负荷量的43.31%,竞赛期专项耐力负荷量占总负荷量的47.15%),造成比赛成绩不理想;第三大周期训练在总结第二大周期失利的基础上,加大了专项耐力和混氧训练比例,在比赛中效果明显,取得了较好成绩.     

三级跳远运动员的训练负荷量分析及关键性训练因素研究

对三级跳远运动员的训练负荷量分析及关键性训练因素进行剖析 ,不同级的运动员的训练负荷量的结构中 ,一般训练负荷量和发展性负荷量在所占的比重存在不同的比例。关键性训练因素对三级跳远运动员成绩所起的作用有训练负荷因素、身体机能因素、教练因素占有主导作用     

运动负荷的计算方法及其运用

运动负荷是影响运动成绩的重要因素,是控制训练过程的重要内容,是训练监督的重要指标。通常把运动负荷视为由负荷量和负荷强度两大因素构成的。对运动成绩来说,负荷量是基础,负荷强度是关键。负荷量与负荷强度是相互联系、相互影响、相互对立的。从训练全过程讲,欲想提高负荷强度,负荷量就应相对地减少;欲想增加负荷量,负荷强度就应相对地降低,两者呈相反波浪变动。这一变化是有规律的,一般地讲,训练准备期是以增加负荷量为主,竞赛期是以增大负荷强度为主,到休     

安静时脉率

脉率能反映一个运动员身体与心理的状态,在耐力项目训练中被广泛用来评价训练效果和恢复情况。人们普遍认为安静时的慢脉率可给耐力运动员创造具有竞争的能力。例如,一个安静时脉搏只有40次/分的运动员,大强度运动心率达到180次/分,那么他将有140次的储备。     

初中生体育课负荷量与强度探讨

阐述了初中生体育课负荷量与强度安排的依据和原则,结合教学实际,提出了初中生体育课负荷量与强度安排的方法。     

Effects of cigarette smoking on cardiac autonomic function during dynamic exercise

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of cigarette smoking on cardiac autonomic function in young adult smokers during dynamic exercise. Fourteen healthy young smokers (21.4 ± 3.4 years) performed peak and submaximal exercise protocols under control and smoking conditions. Resting and submaximal beat-to-beat R-R series were recorded and spectrally decomposed using the fast Fourier transformation. Smoking resulted in a significant decrease in work time, VO(2peak) and peak O(2) pulse (P < 0.05). Heart rate increased at rest and during submaximal exercise after smoking (P < 0.05). The raw high frequency and low frequency power were significantly reduced by smoking, both at rest and during exercise (P < 0.05). The low to high frequency ratio was higher after smoking (P < 0.05). The normalised low frequency power was also significantly increased by smoking, but only at rest (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that the tachycardic effect elicited by smoking is accompanied by acute changes in heart rate spectral components both at rest and during exercise. Therefore, the cardiac autonomic control is altered by smoking not only at rest, but also during exercise, resulting in reduced vagal modulation and increased sympathetic dominance.     

Study of the Effects of Competitive Basketball upon the Physical Fitness of High School Boys as Determined by McCurdy-Larson Organic Efficiency Tests

Abstract

This methodology study was to determine if testing subjects on a specific day of four phases of the menstrual cycle would yield results which would be comparable to testing subjects on each day of the corresponding phases of the cycle and if the test results of one cycle would be comparable to those of two consecutive cycles. A statistical comparison of the mean scores for a specific day of each phase of the cycle and the mean scores for the average of all days for each phase of the cycle was made for pulse rate before exercise, pulse rate after exercise, and the difference in the pulse rate before and after exercise, or pulse rate increase. None of the t ratios obtained were significant. A statistical comparison was also made for the mean scores for two mentrual cycles for pulse rate before and after exercise, pulse rate increases, weight, and temperature. None of the t ratios were significant. It was concluded that testing subjects on a specific day of each of four phases of one menstrual cycle would be a satisfactory testing procedure.     

Report and Recommendations of the National Committee on Aquatic Leadership

Abstract

Five subjects were tested three times in each of three static and three phasic work tests involving leg extensions in the semi-reclining position. Oxygen uptake, net oxygen consumption, ventilation rate, pulse rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were consistently higher in phasic work than in static effort with a comparable resistance. The patterns of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate response and recovery did not seem to differ in the two modes of work. While the ventilation rate—oxygen uptake relationship was similar in both forms of effort, the pulse rate—oxygen uptake relationship differed in that the static pulse exceeded the phasic rate at a comparable level of oxygen uptake.     

Effect of the Menstrual Cycle on Pulse Rate and Blood Pressure before and after Exercise

Abstract

A random group of 24 college women was tested during four phases of the menstrual cycle to determine if the cycle had an effect on pulse rate and blood pressure before and after exercise. Analysis of variance data indicated that fluctuations in pulse rate and blood pressure before and after exercise could not be attributed to the menstrual cycle.     

The Relationship between Measures of Motor Educability and the Learning of Specific Motor Skills

Abstract

Members of the Santa Barbara basketball team were tested periodically during and after the 1957–58 season of play. The changes in physical conditioning were estimated using a step test. During this period of time the blood pressure and pulse wave measurements were studied to investigate the effects of basketball conditioning on these measurements.

The resting and postexercise systolic blood pressure measurements decreased significantly during training. These changes were significant after 16 weeks, while the pulse rate changes indicated conditioning had changed in six weeks. During de-training these measurements reversed and made significant changes in ten weeks.

The pulse wave measurements more closely followed those of the step test. They changed significantly in six weeks, leveled off, and finally reversed to the starting level during de-training.     

对《学生体质健康标准》中台阶试验的研究与建议

2002年颁发的《学生体质健康标准(试行方案)》中，将台阶试验列为城市小学五、六年级和初中以上学生必测指标，为此，对其进行了实验研究，比较台阶试验指数和每搏功对心功能评价的优劣。结果表明，同一台阶试验，用每搏功对心功能评价比用台阶亚试验指数对心功能的评价，既简便易行，便于大面积推广应用，又把人的体重和台阶试验后的即刻心率，两个变量纳入公式计算，克服了台阶指数评价的缺陷，使科学性更强。     

Effects of cigarette smoking on cardiac autonomic function during dynamic exercise

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of cigarette smoking on cardiac autonomic function in young adult smokers during dynamic exercise. Fourteen healthy young smokers (21.4 ± 3.4 years) performed peak and submaximal exercise protocols under control and smoking conditions. Resting and submaximal beat-to-beat R-R series were recorded and spectrally decomposed using the fast Fourier transformation. Smoking resulted in a significant decrease in work time, [Vdot]O_2peak and peak O₂ pulse (P < 0.05). Heart rate increased at rest and during submaximal exercise after smoking (P < 0.05). The raw high frequency and low frequency power were significantly reduced by smoking, both at rest and during exercise (P < 0.05). The low to high frequency ratio was higher after smoking (P < 0.05). The normalised low frequency power was also significantly increased by smoking, but only at rest (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that the tachycardic effect elicited by smoking is accompanied by acute changes in heart rate spectral components both at rest and during exercise. Therefore, the cardiac autonomic control is altered by smoking not only at rest, but also during exercise, resulting in reduced vagal modulation and increased sympathetic dominance.     

中日竞走运动员高原训练期间心率变化的分析

本文通过中国（世居高原），日本（世居平原）各１０名竞走运动员在海拔２３６６ｍ和海拔１０ｍ训练期间静息心率和运动心率变化的研究（其间采用了短期去３２００ｍ和１５７０ｍ的训练）发现，经高原训练，静息心率和运动心率的良好变化与运动成绩的提高是一致的，心率变化可作为评价运动员在高原的适应情况和检验高原训练效果的一项敏感指标．     

高等体育院校游泳队集训期运动负荷安排的研究

通过对一些机能指标的测试和教学观察 ,如 :运动员的晨脉、运动恢复心率、CK值、尿素氮等机能指标和观察运动员的睡眠、食欲与自主疲劳感 ,发现运动机能水平下降时 ,游泳运动员的晨脉一般超过 5次 ,早晨CK值平均超过 4 5 0IU ,尿素氮值平均在 8 5mol/L以上 ;训练时的运动心率恢复值小于2 0 % ;入睡慢 ,食欲差 ,运动员自主疲劳感在中度以上。     

北京市成年人身体机能状况的调查研究

本文通过对北京市成年人体质测试,进行人体机能分析研究。测试对象为北京市市民,男子18至59岁,女子18至54岁,男子共3806人,女子共3568人。对测试中的机能指标——脉搏、血压、肺活量、台阶指数进行了分析,脉搏、肺活量和肺活量/体重的变化是随年龄的增长而下降,下降过程有起伏;收缩压、舒张压和台阶指数的变化是随年龄的增长而上升,上升过程中有起伏。这些指标的变化规律有阶段性,以下降的幅度、速度和T检验的结果划分为31～35岁,41～45岁,51～55岁3个阶段,不同指标各阶段下降情况与锻炼身体有很大关系。成年人18～20岁组与1985年中学生(18岁组)进行比较,发现成年人18～20岁的指标结果与中学生差异很大,成年人18～20岁组的机能状况不如18岁组的中学生。