Towards Program Evaluation in Archives

A review of the archival literature, including records and information management, indicates that archivists’ have shown over the last two decades an interest in program evaluation. The sparceness of the literature on the subject suggests a gap in an articulate body of knowledge, based on solid theoretical and methodological foundations, for evaluation of archival programs and activities. However, if they have not particularly investigated the subject from a theoretical perspective, archivists have developed in their different organizations and working environment practical knowledge of and experience with program evaluation. In large corporations as well as in public bureaucracies, they have been part of or subjected to specific or generic program evaluation initiatives conducted by internal and external evaluators. But archivists might need now to go some steps further and to look from a critical perspective at what is needed in order to get full benefit from program evaluation.     

2022年中国档案学研究现状、特点及发展趋势——基于对《档案学研究》《档案学通讯》的发文统计

本文结合文献计量分析法和文献研读法,对2022年《档案学研究》和《档案学通讯》所刊发的207篇学术论文进行研究力量布局与研究主题分布分析,并与2021年分析结果相比较,发现高等院校仍是档案学研究的主体力量,来自业界的研究力量有所增强。2022年中国档案学研究依旧关注“档案学基础理论”“档案治理”“档案与数字人文”“电子文件”“中国古文书学”等主题,但也涌现了“红色档案”和“档案学科建设与发展”等新主题;研究特点上呈现显著的本土化和跨学科性,但在关注“人”的需求、跨学科的双向互动以及研究深度上仍有待加强。未来中国档案学研究仍需立足中国档案工作的实际和需求,对从西方移植的理论进行本土化、中国化的过滤和处理,对中国传统的档案思想进行创新性转化和发展,同时,基于档案工作、档案事业发展的新实践和新需求,提出新的思想和理论。     

公共档案馆微信公众平台服务质量评价研究

[目的/意义] 从用户感知角度对公共档案馆微信公众平台服务质量评价进行深入地分析与探讨,为公共档案馆微信公众的平台技术改进和服务质量的提升提供数据支持和参考。[方法/过程] 通过问卷调查构建公共档案馆微信公众平台服务质量评价框架和评价假设模型,运用SPSS软件,并利用探索性因子分析法对假设模型进行检验,根据结果对评价假设模型进行修正,并对修正后的评价模型进行讨论。[结果/结论] 构建公共档案馆微信公众平台服务质量评价模型,从用户的视角全面衡量微信平台上公共档案馆服务的效果和用户满意度。     

Evaluation, Research and Communities of Practice: Program Evaluation in Museums

Museums present different contexts for learning, particularly when compared with places such as schooos, universities and libraries. They have been described as free-choice learning environments visited by a broad range of people. Museums have the opportunity to shape identities—through access to objects, knowledge and information visitors see themselves and their culture reflected in ways that encourage new connections, meaning making and learning. However, across the world museums are finding themselves competing with other leisure and learning experiences in an increasingly global world. The long history of audience research in the cultural sector demonstrates the interest museums have had in their visitors over time. This paper outlines the development of audience research in museums, the context within which it operates, and describes the processes of audience research through a series of case studies drawn from the work of the Australian Museum Audience Research Centre. It is argued that the shift in museums from mission-led program development to balancing content and audience needs through a transaction approach requires a broader research-focused agenda. While traditional ways of conducting evaluations are necessary and useful, to remain viable audience research needs to be more strategic, working across the sector in new ways and utilising new methods. How programs impact on users and facilitate learning about a wide range of key issues that museums are concerned with is a leadership role that audience research can take across both the cultural sector and other free-choice learning contexts. To achieve this, a communities of practice approach is suggested as a potential framework for audience research in the contemporary museum.     

The Impact of David Bearman on Modern Archival Thinking: An Essay of Personal Reflection and Critique

This essay is a preliminary assessment of David Bearman as the leading archival thinker of the late twentieth century. Bearman has revolutionized thinking in archival circles around the world by offering a defence of traditional archival notions of provenance, evidence, recordness, and contextuality that equals the noblest statements of a Hilary Jenkinson, and by positing a relevant, dynamic, engaged future for archivists to transform the Information Age into a Record-Keeping Age. The essay is both a personal reflection and critical analysis. There are three main themes: an assessment of Bearman's ideas and their overall importance to general archival theory; a more specific exposition of the nature and importance of the University of Pittsburgh Project and of where Bearman sees that its results are leading archivists and their profession and institutions in future; and a critique of some of the implications, if not the conscious intentions, of his ideas and methods that seem to exclude the cultural, historical, and heritage dimensions and uses of archives, public or private. The overall aim of the essay is to push the archival discourse to the next stage by challenging and constructively critiquing as well as extolling the work of this archival pioneer.     

A Research Agenda for Cataloging: The CCQ Editorial Board Responds to the Year of Cataloging Research

The cataloging and classification community was called to highlight 2010 as “The Year of Cataloging Research,” and specifically was challenged to generate research ideas, conduct research, and generally promote the development of new research in cataloging. Cataloging & Classification Quarterly has become the most influential journal of research in cataloging and classification since its inception in 1981. The idea behind the research reported here was to give the CCQ editorial board an opportunity to present its point of view about research for cataloging. A Delphi study was conducted in three stages during the 2009–2010 academic year. Members were asked to define the key terms “cataloging,” “evidence,” and “research,” and to develop a research agenda in cataloging. The results reveal a basic core definition of cataloging perceived as a dynamic, active process at the core of information retrieval. An eight point research agenda emerges that is forward-looking and embraces change, along with top-ranked calls for new empirical evidence about catalogs, cataloging, and catalog users.     

国外人工智能在档案工作中的应用研究及启示

人工智能作为二十一世纪三大尖端技术之一,在国外档案界已经有了具体的应用。从档案视角出发,国外人工智能在档案工作中具有智能化、创新性、变革式等特点。目前,在合作试点的创建、语音识别两个方面,人工智能在我国档案领域得到应用。在政策制度、创新思维、与公众的互动等方面,国外人工智能可以给我国档案工作以启示。     

政府大数据治理规则体系构建研究构想

[目的/意义] 弥补大数据发展应用背景下政府大数据治理规则体系缺失及其研究的不足。[方法/过程] 从大数据认知多维视角出发,分析大数据治理主体、治理客体、治理活动和治理风险4个方面所面临的挑战及其大数据规则制定需求;诊断政府大数据治理规则体系构建研究的阻碍问题及原因。以公共价值理论、数字连续性理论和多元价值理论为主要理论支持,提出政府大数据治理规则体系构建研究的基本框架。[结果/结论] 明晰了政府大数据治理规则体系构建的关键性要素及其关系,对构建政府大数据治理的长效规则体系提供了一种多维视角的研究思路和一个综合集成的研究方案。     

Agenda Building In Media Coverage of Food Research

Concern has been raised about the rising influence of public relations on scientific news coverage and the potential role of institutional sources in shaping news reports. This study uses quantitative content analysis and qualitative interviews to explore the influence of public relations activities on newspaper coverage of “superfoods” and, in particular, to explore the transparency of reporting of the sources of research funding. Superfoods were chosen as a case study because the term is applied to a wide range of foods with potential health benefits (e.g. foods high in antioxidants). Furthermore, foods labelled as “superfoods” have seen sharp increases in sales, suggesting a potential commercial incentive for such labelling. Analysis of a sample of news articles reporting superfoods revealed a considerable influence for media releases in shaping the content of reports, while less than a third of reports discussing research studies funded by organisations with a commercial interest in the findings mentioned the funding sources. Qualitative interviews confirmed the role of press offices in promoting research, particularly from scientific conferences, and suggest that scientific societies are applying less stringent criteria to studies selected for publication than in the past.     

档案在数字人文研究中的特殊性、项目识别及应用

数字人文是人文学科与信息技术交叉研究的新领域,从数字人文角度重新认识并思考档案资源的深度开发与利用具有很强的现实意义。本文从概念、理论、价值层面对档案资源在数字人文研究中的特殊性进行探讨,厘清包括以档案资源开发为核心、由档案机构主导、与档案相关三个类别的档案数字人文项目,同时阐述了档案数字人文项目的界定与识别方法。最后,提出从参考工具、资源仓储、智力支持、成果呈现四个方面优化档案资源在数字人文研究中的应用思路。     

信息生态理论研究评价

文章从国内学者对信息生态理论的研究入手,了解信息生态理论研究的具体内容,并对研究成果进行评价。     

档案记忆观视野下的社群档案开发利用策略研究

档案记忆观对社群档案的开发利用具有理论指导和方法创新的意义。通过从视角、主体、内容、手段四个方面分析档案记忆观对社群档案开发利用的影响,提出档案记忆观视野下社群档案开发利用应在理念层面采用多元理念创新开发利用方式,在视角层面运用多维视角把握开发利用内容的侧重点,在模式层面建立档案馆与社群、公众和其他文化遗产机构之间的多方主体合作开发模式。     

Dang An: A Brief History of the Chinese Imperial Archives and Its Administration

ABSTRACT

Archives are preserved records of human activities. An account of Chinese archival development is as long as the written records of the Chinese history. Oracle bones, bronze ware, and wood and bamboo strips are the three most important recording forms of the early Chinese civilization, as they represented three major stages of archival development in China. Early Chinese archival documents were exclusively administrative records of the state. The basic guiding principles of archival organization throughout ancient China were the essential, imperial orders of the feudal society. This article presents a brief account of the Chinese imperial archives and its administration from the beginning of the Chinese civilization to the end of the Qing Dynasty, the last empire in the Chinese history.     

我国公共档案馆服务绩效评价研究现状分析

公共档案馆的服务绩效评价问题是当前档案管理领域关注的一个热点问题。本文在对我国公共档案馆服务绩效研究领域30余年(1979—2009)来的文献梳理的基础上,通过文献统计分析和文献内容分析的方式,总结出我国该领域研究的特点及其存在的问题,并从研究方法、研究范畴和研究力量等方面提出相关建议,以期促进该领域研究工作不断进步。     

科学计量学应用的佳作——《基于科学计量学指标的科研评价》评析

[目的/意义] 对《基于科学计量学指标的科研评价》一书进行评介,旨在为现有的科研评价体系提供借鉴。[方法/过程] 通过详读全书,查阅大量相关文献,总结本书的特点和精华。[结果/结论] 该书具有研究体系完整、研究目的明确、研究结构清晰、研究指标易于量化等特点,运用科学计量学指标和测度方法来进行科研评价,可为评价科技期刊质量以及科研管理部门制定相关政策提供参考。     

档案馆数字人文架构与策略研究

数字人文兴起,引起各界广泛关注,成为众多领域研究的前沿热点。档案部门面对电子时代的冲击,正在寻找转型的契机。以现实需求为着眼点,通过分析档案馆数字人文的内涵、特点、运行模式,提出活化档案管理工作、开启多节点参与新模式、创建用户体验中心、推进融合环境下的道德建设四大策略,为档案馆现代化建设提供思考。     

公民利用档案自由权探析

本文从“权利”内在包含了“自由权”的哲学思想出发,提出并深刻认识档案利用“自由权”,强调公民利用档案的“自由权”是公民利用档案“权利”实现的基础.从引导公民享受“自由”这一积极的政策调控角度,参考分析美国《公民利用信息指南》,探讨了“公民视角”的我国利用档案信息指南的编制.     

973 计划资源环境领域项目数据汇交实践与思考

随着国内科学数据共享的推进,我国科技计划项目的数据汇交逐渐得到重视和发展。本文基于实践,对已经 实施的973 计划资源环境领域项目数据汇交的进展进行阶段回顾,介绍了数据汇交在政策制定、汇交中心组建、组织实 施策略、汇交环境建设、数据接收管理及共享服务方面的具体做法和进展。并在此基础上,针对973 计划资源环境领域 项目数据汇交未来在其他领域的推广与汇交数据的深度开发利用进行了初步思考。     

基于扎根理论的用户档案价值判断影响因素研究—以综合档案馆的档案利用者为例

档案价值判断是档案利用者利用档案的前提条件。首先通过文献研究法和访谈法收集影响档案利用者判断档案价值的因素;然后利用扎根理论分析发现:档案利用者对档案价值的判断主要受利用需求、利用能力、档案信息、档案来源、档案实体、档案实践活动及档案系统环境7个主范畴的共同影响;最后,根据访谈文本构建了档案利用者档案价值判断的影响因素模型,并据此提出完善档案利用者档案价值认识系统、提高档案工作人员服务水平及推动档案馆馆藏资源建设合理化等启示。