辽细辛中马兜铃酸A的测定方法研究

建立辽细辛不同药用部位中马兜铃酸A的含量测定方法并检测其含量。分别采用索氏提取法、超声提取法两种方法对不同产地辽细辛进行前处理,采用反相高效液相色谱法（RP-HPLC）对辽细辛中马兜铃酸A进行测定,色谱柱为XDB-C18（4．6mm×150mm,5μm）,流动相为甲醇一水一冰醋酸（70：29：1）,检测波长为316nm,柱温为室温,流速为1ml／min。分析样品在10分钟内可全部出峰,且在8小时测定时间内稳定性良好;马兜铃酸A含量在20．4ng～102ng范围内相关系数R：0．9999,在2．04ng～20．4ng范周内相关系数1R=O．9960,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1．2％。该方法简便快速,线性关系和精密度良好．适用于辽细辛马兜铃酸A含量的测定,所测产地的辽细辛质量较好。     

SPE-GC-MS法测定枇杷花茶中的有机氯农药残留

采用微波萃取(MAE)对样品进行前处理,建立了固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法(SPE-GC-MS)同时测定枇杷花茶中的8种有机氯农药残留的分析方法。实验测得:8种有机氯农药的峰面积与量浓度有良好的线性关系,方法的相关系数在0.9963~0.9998之间,按照S/N=3得出检测限为0.18~4.10ng/m L。样品的平均加标回收率为82.5%~116.5%,精密度在2.1%~9.7%之间。该方法快速、灵敏、准确、成本低,能满足枇杷花茶中多种农药残留的测定。     

北京城市园林中赤子爱胜蚓体内有机氯农药污染研究

选取北京具有代表性的23个公园及生活小区作为采样区,研究各采样区中赤子爱胜蚓体内持久性有机氯农药滴滴涕（DDTs）和六六六（HCHs）的含量和来源．结果表明,赤子爱胜蚓体中的DDTs和HCHs总浓度分别为18．97—11129．75μg·kg^-1和0．65—44．78μg·kg^-1．赤子爱胜蚓体内存在较高浓度DDTs暗示其可能对公园的生态系统和食物链有潜在危害．根据DDTs各异构体含量特征比（p,p＇-DDE／p．p＇-DDT平均值：5．07;o,p＇-DDT／p,p＇-DDT 平均值：0．76）可以推断出部分园林环境中很可能有新的污染源存在．     

银川城市土壤中有机氯农药残留及其潜在风险

利用GC-ECD方法测定了银川市城市土壤（城市公园、绿地及郊区农田）中典型有机氯农药六氯苯、六六六和滴滴涕的含量和组成特征．结果表明,六氯苯的残留量为0.0729-1,244μg·kg^-1（中值：0.350μg·kg^-1）,六六六的残留量为0.306-74.219μg·kg^-1（中值：0.852μg·kg^-1）,滴滴涕的残留量为0.284-1068.428μg·kg^-1。（中值：2.236μg·kg^-1）．同其它地区相比,银川市城市土壤中六氯苯、六六六和滴滴涕的残留量很低,几乎不存在有机氯农药污染土壤的现象。不过,个别采样点存在滴滴涕污染的潜在生态风险,还需进一步探讨。     

GC法测定蔬菜水果中有机氯农药残留量

目的：建立测定蔬菜水果中有机氯农药残留量的气相色谱法.方法：采用DB-1弹性石英毛细管柱（30m×0.25mm×0.25μm）,进样口温度260℃;检测器温度280℃;柱升温程序：初始温度150℃,以10℃/min升至210℃保持10min,以20℃/min升至240℃保持5min.结果：12种有机氯农药的线性范围为10～400ng·mL^-1.结论：该方法简便、快速、准确,适用于蔬菜水果中有机氯农药残留量的测定.     

新乡市蔬菜硝酸盐含量现状研究

在新乡市的蔬菜集散市场采集购19种新鲜蔬菜，分为三大类：叶菜类、花果类和根茎类。研究测定了这19种蔬菜中的硝酸盐含最。结果表明：三类蔬菜硝酸盐含量相差比较显著。三类蔬菜硝酸盐含量人小分别为：叶菜类（495．2mg／kg）〉根茎类（234．9mg／kg）〉花果类（161．6mg／kg）。而且19种蔬菜中硝酸盐含量相差比较明显。例如：芹菜硝酸盐含量最高为985．5mg／kg，苦瓜硝酸盐含量最低为23．9mg／kg。根据国际标准计算的硝酸盐人体安全上限标准为1080mg／kg，新乡市蔬菜硝酸盐含量均不超标。     

2，4-D在明胶／壳聚糖微球中的包埋与释放

以明胶／壳聚糖复合物为水相,液体石蜡为连续油相,农药2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸（2,4-D）为芯材,Span80为乳化剂,通过醛交联,采用反相乳液法制备了2,4-D-明胶／壳聚糖微球．考察了制备条件对微球形貌及包封率的影响,并研究了2,4-D在微球中的释放性能．结果表明：当Span80为1mL,油水比为4：1,用一定量甲醛与戊二醛的混合物为交联剂,芯壁材比大于1：14时,制备的微球形态圆整,表面光滑,分散性较好．该复合微球中2,4-D的包封率为70．8％,具有良好的缓释性能,作为一种新型农药剂型可望在农业领域得到应用．     

珠三角某河流多环芳烃的初步研究

用固相萃取和气相色谱-质谱法对珠三角某条河流进行了多环芳烃的测定。结果表明水相中多环芳烃的浓度范围介于30.96～357.90 ng/L之间,平均为150.14ng/L。以2环（Nap）和3环（Ace,Acy,Flu,Phe,Ant）为主。说明低分子量的多环芳烃在水相中居于优势地位。颗粒相中多环芳烃的浓度范围介于292.54 ng/g和873.65 ng/g之间,平均为574.32 ng/g。以3环和4环（Fluo,Pyr,BaA,and Chry）为主,高分子量五、六环的多环芳烃比例远远高于水相中的比例。lgKoc与lgKow在本研究区具有良好的相关性（R2=0.554）。     

阿立哌唑治疗精神分裂症的血药质量浓度与临床效应关系

建立反相高效液相色谱法测定阿立哌唑血药质量浓度的方法,并研究其临床疗效及副作用的关系．采用Herpesil ODS C18柱（250rnm×4．0mm,5μm）,流动相为V（甲醇）：P（水）=85：15,流速1．0mL／min,检测波长254nm,测定阿立哌唑的线性范同为25～800ng／mL,r=0．99147,平均加样回收率97．66％．用PANSS量表和TESS量表评定药物疗效和副反应,阿立哌唑的血药质量浓度与临床疗效呈显著性相关,与副作用无相关性．     

急性乙醇中毒大鼠中枢氨基酸类递质及行为学改变的研究

目的 观察急性乙醇中毒对大鼠海马、小脑氨基酸类神经递质及行为学改变的影响,以探讨急性乙醇中毒对中枢神经系统损害的机制。方法雄性Wistar大鼠48只,随机分为对照组,饮酒后0．5h组,饮酒后1．0h组,饮酒后1．5h组,饮酒后2．0h组,饮酒后4．0h组;实验组60％（v／v）白酒1次灌胃（灌胃体积10ml／kg）,对照组用等量生理盐水灌胃。采用高效液相色谱法和Moms水迷宫法分别检测大鼠小脑和海马中谷氨酸（glutamic acid,Glu）和γ-氨基丁酸（gamma aminobutyric acid,GABA）含量的变化以及逃逸潜伏期（escape latency,EL）的变化。结果实验组大鼠小脑和海马中Glu和GABA含量明显下降（P〈0．01）,小脑中Glu和GABA比值在0．5h和2,0h组明显升高（P〈0．01）．实验组大鼠在饮酒后逃逸潜伏期（EL）值明显延长（P〈0．01）,2．0h组和4．0h组的EL值较其他实验组明显缩短（P〈0．01）。结论急性乙醇中毒引起行为学改变可能与小脑和海马氨基酸类神经递质改变有关。     

Studies on the changes of West Lake's zoobenthic communites after Qiantang River water was pumped into it

During Jan. 1995 to Dec. 1996, monthly investigations on the zoobenthic communities of West Lake, samples were collected from six sampling stations. A total of 26 species of macrozoobenthos were identified. The seasonal changes in density and biomass of zoobenthos in this lake were analyzed. The annual mean densities were 980∼2751 ind/m² and mean biomass was 19.69–122.80 g/m². The densities in winter and early spring were higher than those in summer and autumn. Comparative study of theprevious data (1982 to 1983) collected by the authors, showed that the succession of zoobenthic communities, dominated byProcludius choreus in density andBellamya purificata in biomass, had been occurred in Xiaonan sub-lake after Qiantang River water was drawn into it; and that the species and biomass of zoobenthos were then increased and the density was decreased. In other sub-lakes, the dominant species wereLimnodrilus hoffmeisteri andTokunagayusurika akamusi in density andBranchiura sowerbyi andTokunagayusurika akamusi in biomass. The water quality was bad in these sub-lakes because these dominant species are indicators of eutrophication. According to the Margalef index and Goodnight index, West Lake is still an eutrophic lake. Only the water quality of Xiaonan sub-lake was improved after water drawn from the Qiantang River was introduced into it. Project supported by the Evironmental Protection Bureau of Hangzhou, China.     

思贤滘附近X形河道的形成与演变

从地质条件、动力作用、沉积环境以及人为干涉等方面解释思贤滘附近X形河道的形成与发展。在河道整治时,如能把西江径流引入现今北江下游的东平水道,将有利于改善该水道的航运条件。     

西辽河流域的古代都市——辽中京大定府（下）

构成西辽河流域的主要支流共有两条,一是西拉木伦河,另一是老哈河,两河相汇处就是西辽河的干流。按照流域源头划分,老哈河应该是西辽河的南源。老哈河发源于燕山山麓的北侧,一直是古老的山戎、东胡和奚族的活动中心。辽王朝与北宋签订了＂澶渊之盟＂后,辽宋之间终结了无休止的征战状态。于是,辽圣宗将其统治中心从西拉木伦河的左岸南徙,并在原奚族故地老哈河畔修建了辽中京大定府,老哈河流域便成为辽朝中后期的政治、经济、军事、文化的中心。因此,辽中京成为有辽一代西辽河上的两大都市文明的中心之一。     

Investigation of iodine concentration in salt,water and soil along the coast of Zhejiang,China

Objective: We aim to describe the environment iodine concentration in salt, water and soil along Zhejiang Province coast in the China foreland. It will be helpful for us to judge whether this area is insufficient in iodine and universal iodized salt is necessary or not. Methods: We collected iodized salt samples, drinking water samples (tap water in the towns, and well water or spring water in the villages), water samples from different sources (ditches, lakes, rivers) and soil samples through random sampling in June, 2005. Salt, water and soil iodine was detected by arsenic-cerium redox method. Statistical analysis was expressed as mean±SEMby Windows SPSS 13.0. Results: (1) The iodine concentration in salt was 27.9±4.33 mg/kg (n=108). (2) Seventy-five water samples were collected. The water iodine value was 0.6～84.8 μg/L (mean of 11.66 μg/L). The watershed along the Qiantang River has significantly higher iodine content than the water in Lin'an in mountain area (P＜0.01). The iodine content and mean iodine content of tap water, well or spring water and natural water sources were 4.30±2.43 μg/L (n=34), 23.59±27.74 μg/L (n=19)and 12.72±10.72 μg/L (n=22) respectively. This indicated that among environmental water sources, the ditch iodine content was the highest with river water iodine being the lowest (P＜0.01). (3) Soil iodine value was 0.11～2.93 mg/kg (mean of 1.32 mg/kg).Though there was no statistical difference of soil iodine in different districts (P=0.131), soil iodine content correlated positively with water iodine content. Conclusion: Iodine concentration in salt accords with national policy of adding iodine in salt. Foreland has more iodine in water than mountain area. The data reflected that water and soil iodine in foreland area was not high, which suggests universal iodized salt should be necessary. Environment iodine has relatively close association with pollution.     

秦人西迁西犬丘的环境资源条件分析

历史上秦人由关中中西部和秦邑两地迁入西犬丘,在迁移过程中除了受到政治、军事和社会文化等方面的因素以外,与资源环境的退化有着十分密切的关系．距今3100年左右开始的黄河中游气候变冷变干,引起的环境资源退化,是秦人由关中中西部西迁西犬丘的资源环境原因．西周中期以后,黄河流域气候进一步变得干冷化,秦邑的水土资源严重退化,导致秦人由秦邑迁往西犬丘．     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in air and their toxic potency

Conclusions In spite of very high toxic potency of PAH, in India environmental monitoring and assessment of PAH is rarely done compared to European countries and US. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) had recently initiated regular monitoring of PAHs in ambient air in select cities. According to CPCB, ambient air PAH in Delhi ranged between 9.4–60.9 nanograms per cubic meter (ng/m³) during 1999–2000 with higher values recorded in winter. Other research studies reported about 4.999.56 ng/m³ of benzo[a]pyrene in suspended paniculate matter (SPM) during 1986 in urban Delhi. In Calcutta, sum of 12 PAHs was 22.91 and 190.96 ng/m³ in SPM at Jadavpur and Maulali respectively, in 1994. The average benzo[a]pyrene concentration was 10.4+4.76 ng/m³. These levels are apparently manifold higher than the European standards. Apart from few such studies no detailed studies are available in India. Even in the current standards and specifications for diesel engines there is no emission limit for PAH. Recently it had specified that 10% of PAH by hydrocarbons as limit that should be adopted by 2005. In the current Indian scenario, especially after the economic liberalization in 1991, the motor vehicle population is increasing rapidly, leading to corresponding increase in PAH emissions. The role of PAHs in cardiovascular mortality, cancer cases and several other health abnormalities that are reported nowadays cannot be ignored.     

基于“珠江-西江经济带”建设的广西高职发展探究

随着珠江-西江经济带上升到国家战略层面,广西6 300亿重金打造西江经济带随之展开,这对于广西的高职教育来说,无疑是一个难得的历史机遇。因此如何对接这一经济带的发展已经成为广西高职教育必须面对的一个迫切现实问题。通过对西江经济带的人才需求分析和广西高职教育对接"珠江-西江经济带"人才培养现状分析,提出了针对"珠江-西江经济带"视域下广西高职建设发展的策略。     

整治和延长西江航道与珠三角经济发展的思考

西江是珠江的主干流,延长其南北航道,还可以沟通湘鄂川陕和环北部湾中国段各地市。因此提高认识整治和延长西江航道非常必要的,也是可能的。这不仅有利于扩大北部湾诸港的腹地,而且对整个华南经济圈的进一步形成具有重要的作用和意义。     

汉水、淮河——中国南北文化转换的轴心

中国文化在地域分布上 ,自古以来就存在着北方黄河流域文化和南方长江流域文化两大板块 ,而汉水、淮河流域是南北文化转换的轴心。这里不仅是中华文明的发祥地 ,而且是南北与东西文化的融汇、改造、消化之地。正是汉水、淮河流域这个南北文化大熔炉 ,冶铸出了光芒四射、魅力无穷的楚文化和道家道教文化。