论"快乐体育"思想在中小学体操教学中的运用

从“快乐体育”思想的实质及内涵入手，结合当前中小学体操教学滑坡的现状，采用献资料法、访谈法、教学论证法，分析和探讨了在中小学体操教学中如何正确地渗透“快乐体育”思想。     

快乐体操在幼儿体育课程中的开展与实施

《幼儿园教育指导纲要》中对幼儿健康领域的目标提出了明确指示,即让幼儿喜欢上体育活动.为增强我国青少年体质,国家体育总局体操管理中心于2014年提出了"快乐体操"理念,并在幼儿体育教育中得到有效推广.本文分析了幼儿快乐体操的内涵及特点,探讨了快乐体操在幼儿体育课程中的开展价值及实施途径,以期为广大幼教工作者提供参考和借鉴...     

幼儿基本体操在幼儿体育活动中的运用

通过介绍幼儿基本体操概述；幼儿基本体操内容在幼儿体育活动中的运用及其作用；竞技性幼儿基本体操的编排，使更多的教师了解和更好地应用幼儿基本体操，充分发挥其在幼儿发展中的作用。     

在高校体操教学中渗透快乐体育思想

采用献法、访谈法和教学论证等方法，从快乐体育的本质和心理机制人手，结合当前高校体操必修课教学现状，对快乐体育思想在高校必修课教学中的运用进行研究，建议在继承传统教学体系优势部分的基础上，教师应转变观念，以素质教育和创新教育为导向，推行一整套“教师主导、学生主体、情感在线”的快乐体育教学目标、内容、方法和评价体系。     

对快乐体育思想的理性探索与研究

快乐体育既是一种以人本主义教育观为理论基础的体育教学指导思想，又是一个较为完整的教学方法论与教材理论的体育教学实践体系。在快乐体育正为我国广大体育教育工作者普遍认同与实施的今天，我们对快乐体育的起源发展，快乐体育对我国体育教育改革所产生的积极影响，学习与引进快乐体育应注意的问题进行全面地探索，对于进一步深化体育教育改革，普及和实施快乐体育具有十分重大的现实意义。     

快乐体育在小学低年级体育教学中的实践初探

以快乐体育思想为指导，小学低年级学生的身心发展特点为依据，在小学低年级体育教学中进行快乐体育的教法探索，为小学体育教学改革提供有益的启示。     

快乐体操对5~6岁幼儿基本协调能力的影响

运用文献资料法、实验测试法和数理统计法等研究方法,选取江苏省苏州市某幼儿园2个幼儿大班作为实验组和对照组,对实验组进行持续3个月的快乐体操干预,探讨快乐体操对5~6岁幼儿基本协调能力的影响。通过12周的快乐体操练习后,幼儿的平衡能力、节奏能力、感知判断能力、空间定向能力、肢体配合能力、肢体活动范围都得到了显著提升,即快乐体操练习对幼儿的基本协调能力提升具有积极作用。     

高校体育课程改革浅析

高校体育课程改革有关话题的讨论长盛不衰。文章以快乐体育为高校体育课程改革的基本原则,以终身体育为高校体育课程改革的首要目标,并详细论证了高校体育课程改革的具体措施。     

幼儿园依托体育中心开展快乐体操活动初探

在当今少儿快乐体操多种推广模式并存的情况下,武汉市硚口区崇仁路幼儿园依托湖北省体育局崇仁体育中心探索开展幼儿快乐体操活动课程,取得了一些成效,如幼儿身体素质显著增强,幼儿教师配教能力得到提高,家长积极响应并全力支持,专业教练逐步摸索教学经验,快乐体操赛事锻炼了孩子们。同时,存在一些问题,如幼儿训练量远远不够,幼儿教师参与严重不足,发挥作用有限,专业教练指导方式缺乏针对性,事倍功半,家长们认识不一,深度参与意愿不强,幼儿安全问题以及课程计划与课程设置体系有待完善。据此提出的解决对策与建议,包括:加强宣传,增进了解,提升多方参与率;制定科学的课程和活动计划,增强针对性和实效性,避免随意性;加强教师和教练的交流与沟通;多管齐下,杜绝出现安全问题。     

快乐体操对幼儿自信心的影响研究——以“杨威Happy Gym”为例

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法、教学实验法等研究方法,并以"杨威Happy Gym"快乐体操培训机构的3-6岁幼儿为教学实验对象,运用王娥蕊编制的《儿童自信心发展水平教师问卷(城市版)》进行三个维度的前、后测教学实验,旨在探讨快乐体操对幼儿自信心的影响,并推动快乐体操在幼儿自信心的培养和建立中的运用和发展。结果表明快乐体操对幼儿自信心的建立和发展具有显著影响,且其影响存在性别和年龄差异,建议积极推广和实行幼儿"快乐体操"教育,并重视性别、年龄及个体等差异。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。     

Effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the lactate minimum speed

The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity.