THE I-SCHOOL CONCEPT IN THE UNITED STATES AND BEYOND

信息学院(i-school)在当今美国图书情报学(LIS)教育史中具有重要作用.本文明确了信息学院的关键特征,并描述其如何帮助定位图书情报学教育长期面临的挑战.以"人、信息、技术"为中心,信息学院已经在科研和教学中建立了强大的多学科项目,结果获得学科地位提升、交叉学科伙伴、学生入学增多和较强的经费支持.在美国以外的地方也正在出现类似信息学院的模式,可见于中国、印度、日本、新加坡和德国.参考文献12.     

美国的因特网资源组织

将美国因特网编目的发展过程划分的三个时期,并对每个时期出现的重大项目、编目技术的特点以及研究的问题作出阐述与分析,旨在为我国图书馆界研究与开发因特网编目技术提供借鉴与参考。     

美国近年来图情专业课程设置与教学方式分析

美国图书情报专业教育历史较长,目前发展势头良好,为了探究其内在原因,使我国的专业教育有所借鉴,作者在对美国图书情报学院综合考察的基础上,结合个案研究和亲身体验,从课程设置和教学方式的角度总结和分析了其特点。     

美国一流大学及其图书馆调研报告

按照一流大学应具有一流学科、一流教师和一流学生的思路用三个指标筛选出了10所美国一流大学,陈述了美国一流大学图书馆的资源特征、人员特征、经费特征服务特征和发展特征,对中国建设一流大学和一流大学图书馆提出了参考建议。     

西欧四国的图书馆信息资源共享模式

从图书馆联盟的管理体制、组织制度、经费来源、采用技术、共享内容、共享形式、联盟特点7个方面来探讨西班牙、葡萄牙、瑞士与比利时四个西欧国家的图书馆信息资源共享模式。     

中美大学图书馆电子资源利用调查之比较研究

分析了中美大学图书馆对教职员及部分博、硕士生的问卷调查结果,指出加大对新的电子资源的宣传、提高用户情报意识、提供各种培训机会和远程检索方法,根据用户的需求进行合理的预算,及时调整和重构藏书体系和高效的服务体系,已成为中外大学图书馆的当务之急。     

VALUE-FRAMING ABORTION IN THE UNITED STATES: AN APPLICATION OF MEDIA SYSTEM DEPENDENCY THEORY

This paper is in the tradition of social analysis aimed at creatingframeworks to join mass media and public opinion processes (e.g.Clarke and Evans, 1983; Gamson, 1975; Gitlin, 1980; Hall, 1977;Iyengar and Kinder, 1987; Lang and Lang, 1968, 1983; Lippman,1922; Mollotch and Lester, 1974; Noelle-Neuman, 1974; Paletzand Entman, 1981; Shaw and McCombs, 1977; Turner and Paz, 1986).After a brief review of media system dependency (MSD) theory,we illustrate how it may apply to public opinion processes thatentail contested issue ‘value-frames’ (Ball-Rokeachand Rokeach, 1987). In such cases, the media system is directlyimplicated in the negotiation of legitimacy of opposing positionson an issue. Our illustrative case is the abortion issue asit has been played out in the United States over recent decades(Luker, 1984). We focus upon the respective capacities of pro-and anti-abortion movements to control the value-frame of mediacoverage of the issue (Guthrie, 1989). A value-frame may beconceived as ‘... the main substantive theme of a moralityplay’ (Ball-Rokeach and Tallman, 1979) wherein the distinctionbetween ‘good’ and ‘bad’ hangs in thebalance; in this case, between positions on abortion. We suggestthat change in the value-frame of media coverage and publicdiscourse may be understood, at least in part, as an outcomeof change in contestants' MSD relations.     

CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN LISTENING STYLE PREFERENCES: A COMPARISON OF YOUNG ADULTS IN GERMANY, ISRAEL, AND THE UNITED STATES

Do the listening styles preferred by young adults in Germany,Israel, and the USA differ significantly? In order to addressthis question, college students in all three countries completedversions of the Listening Styles Profile (LSP; Watson et al.1995) presented in their native languages. Factor analysis revealedfour predominant constructs underlying the LSP, which were designatedas people, action, content, and time listening styles. Comparisonsbetween the three cultures revealed distinctively differentpatterns of listening style preferences, with Germans preferringthe action style, Israelis endorsing the content style, andAmericans favoring both the people and time styles.     

我国对俄罗斯、东欧图书馆学研究论评-兼评借鉴东西方图书馆学流派

我国的一些优秀图书馆学专家的学术成就证明，有中国特色的高水平的研究，必须广泛借鉴东西方的学术思想，否则将导致学术研究中的片面性和片断性，难以形成完整的学术体系和科学思想。要批判地借鉴国外图书馆学流派，还必须克服固守传统和追随新潮这两种倾向，恰当地对待国外近代图书馆学传统和新图书馆学的成果。     

NEW POLITICS? THE MABO DEBATE AND PUBLIC OPINION NATIVE TITLE IN AUSTRALIA

The Australian High Court's decision on the Mabo case, allowingnative title to Aboriginal Australians, became the major politicalissue during the second half of 1993. The Labor party's championingof this issue is suggestive of a fundamental change in Australianpolitics as predicted by ‘new politics’ theoristssuch as Ronald Inglehart. This paper examines the formationof opinions on the Mabo with particular reference to new politics.Several theoretical approaches to the formation of attitudesto political issues are examined. These comprise the new politics,political partisanship, nonattitudes, rational choice, asttitudinalpredispositions, and group socialization approaches. Littlesupport was found for the standard postmaterialist/materialistcleavage, although aspects of the new politics thesis were supportedas were aspects of the other approaches. In the light of thesefindings we outline a model of public opinion incorporatingelements of each approach.     

THE IMAGE OF PUBLIC OPINION SURVEYS IN BRITAIN AND FRANCE

This paper examines the results of studies in Britain and Franceon the views of the two peoples towards public opinion surveys: — their experience of surveys — attitudes towards the concept of sample surveys — the accuracy of sample surveys — the publication of polls during election campaigns — exposure to news information — interest in survey data The results in the two countries were, to a substantial degree,similar and showed an underlying positive attitude towards publicopinion surveys. There are, however, a number of points to bearin mind, where more public relations and more public informationis required to improve public awareness of, and public acceptanceof, opinion surveys.     

高校人文社科外文资源的布局与保障方法

针对我国高校人文社科外文文献资源的发展现状及其结构性缺藏、共建共享服务不足等问题,从宏观文献资源建设的角度,结合"高校文科图书引进项目"和"中国高校人文社会科学文献中心"(CASHL)的调查和实践,讨论在资源共建共享理念的基础上开展外文资源合理布局和最终保障的方法和途径。     

IN THE KINGDOM OF THE BLIND: SUCCESSFULLY IMPLEMENTING INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORIES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM AND THE SHERPA PARTNERSHIP EXPERIENCE

This paper takes an overview of the work of the Securing a Hybrid Environment for Research Preservation and Access (SHERPA) team and the SHERPA Partnership institutions in the area of developing, populating and maintaining institutional open access repositories. Crucial to this work has been the development of a mutually supporting and enabling Partnership community, something that has now been recognised as needed by institutions that lie outside it. To this end, SHERPA is involved in efforts to support the individuals and institutions across the United Kingdom and Europe who are engaging with the open access agenda on a practical level; through setting up community networks and disseminating experience. Key in the experience of the SHERPA Partnership has been the role of advocacy of open access and institutional repositories to the research community. Whilst this experience has been unique to each institution, there are many shared lessons and best practice that the Partnership has recently reflected on and that are articulated within this paper. Finally, brief coverage on some of the vital community tools developed and maintained by SHERPA, and reflections on the evolving direction of open access in the United Kingdom, are made.     

人文、社会科学学科分类体系框架初探

对现行的《本科生专业目录》、《研究生专业目录》、《学科分类代码》、《中国图书馆分类法》以及《社科院目录》的学科分类进行了比较分析,并对照国外主要的学科分类体系的设置情况,找出国内现行人文社会科学学科分类体系存在的主要问题,由此阐明目前采用的人文社会科学学科分类目录及其分类标准亟待修正与调整。     

高校图书馆采编工作重心转移与加工业务外包

图书馆文献采编工作重心转移和加工业务外包,有助于提高文献建设质量、采编工作效率,合理分配人力资源,是市场机制下重新整合和优化配置社会资源的必然趋势。在市场机制的影响下,图书馆行业已形成了图书加工业务由中盘商外包的社会环境。构建科学合理的馆藏结构,多渠道、多形式、多层次开展采访工作,拓展采编工作业务内容,将成为采编部门今后的工作重心。     

数字图书馆建设中个人数据信息被侵犯的原因与保护原则

文章对个人数据隐私权作了概述性的介绍,分析了数字图书馆功能开发中侵犯个人数据隐私权的原因,提出了保护个人数据信息的相关原则。