Public Library Public Access Computing and Internet Access: Factors Which Contribute to Quality Services and Resources

SUMMARY

This article explores a number of variables which can contribute to the quality of public access computing and Internet services that public libraries provide their communities. Through this exploration, the article offers several insights and implications for the development and implementation of high quality public access computing and Internet services which increasingly technology-savvy users expect from service providers. A key focus of the article is determining the extent to which some public libraries can reasonably provide high levels of network-based services given staff, budgetary, and other constraints and challenges.     

图书馆书目数据的网络化研究

图书馆的书目数据由于不能被计算机程序阅读与理解,为其网络化发展带来了障碍。从图书馆的书目数据的现状出发,分析书目数据向网络化发展中出现的问题,图书馆必须改革书目数据,及时建立新型的书目数据。     

Life Cycle Management Considerations of Remotely Sensed Geospatial Data and Documentation for Long Term Preservation

As geospatial missions age, one of the challenges for the usability of data is the availability of relevant and updated metadata with sufficient documentation that can be used by future generations of users to gain knowledge from the original data. Given that remote sensing data undergo many intermediate processing steps, for example, an understanding of the exact algorithms employed and the quality of that data produced could be key considerations for these users. As interest in global climate data is increasing, documentation about older data, their origins, and their provenance are valuable to first-time users attempting to perform historical climate research or comparative analysis of global change. Incomplete or missing documentation could be what stands in the way of a new researcher attempting to use the data. Therefore, preservation of documentation and related metadata is sometimes just as critical as the preservation of the original observational data. The Goddard Earth Sciences–Data and Information Service Center (GES DISC), a NASA Earth science Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) that falls under the management structure of the Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS), is actively pursuing the preservation of all necessary artifacts needed by future users.

In this article, we will detail the data custodial planning and the data lifecycle process developed for content preservation, and our implementation of a Preservation System to safeguard documents and associated artifacts from legacy (older) missions, as well as detail lessons learned regarding access rights and confidentiality of information issues. We also elaborate on key points that made our preservation effort successful; the primary points being drafting of a governing baseline for historical data preservation from satellite missions and using the historical baseline as a guide to content filtering of what documents to preserve. The Preservation System currently archives documentation content for High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS), Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) mission data, and the 1960s era Nimbus mission. Documentation from other missions like the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), and the Atmospheric Infra-Red Sounder (AIRS) are also slated to be added to this repository, as well as other mission datasets to be preserved at the GES DISC.     

Demographic Data Sources on the Internet

Abstract

Demographic data is extremely valuable for a variety of business applications, including market research, strategic planning, identifying target markets, advertising, and for use with geographic information systems. Because timely data is very important, the Internet is increasingly being used as a tool for gathering and disseminating demographic data to end-users. This paper outlines many Web sites containing demographic data. Included are sites for governmental bodies, universities, and research institutions; international sites; commercial vendors; and Web versions of journals. Many of these sites also contain links to other useful demographic information resources.     

论网络环境下的信息获取权

在我国进行的政府信息化过程中 ,政府信息公开已成为必然的趋势。在这一发展形势中 ,信息获取权必将成为我国法律中不可或缺的重要权利。本文对我国信息获取权的概念、意义、设定基础、内容和限制等作了探讨 ,并着重论述了在网络环境下 ,信息获取权应有的一些新内容     

The College Librarian's Guide to Accessing the Internet

Until a few years ago, the Internet was available only to institutions that could afford the high cost of an Internet node. Now many companies are making access affordable, and smaller libraries can set up individual accounts to secure full service.     

若干国家科研数据开放政策框架研究

基于整体性视角,分析了若干国家的政府、科研资助机构、科研教育机构、学术出版界以及图书馆科研数 据开放政策体系,并指出所带来的启示。研究认为,数据治理、科研资助、科研管理与数据服务整合是进一步推动科 研数据开放共享的关键。     

The Internet Access and Use in Public Libraries in Limpopo Province,South Africa

ABSTRACT

Citizens, including those living in poor and developing countries, need equitable access to information daily to satisfy their diverse and multiple information needs. In this information age and information economy era, easy and instant access to information and knowledge, which are inevitabilities for socio-economic development, cannot be overemphasised. With rolling out of public libraries even in disadvantaged rural communities due to the library conditional grant in South Africa, the study is aimed at investigating factors influencing the Internet access and use in public libraries in Limpopo. The study adopted a qualitative research approach. The twenty four users of three rural, semi-rural and urban public libraries were selected through convenience sampling. A well-placed government official of the Department of Sport, Arts and Culture was purposively selected. All informants were interviewed face to face to collect data. The study found that, although public libraries studied have networked computers for the Internet access and use, there are many challenges. The officials of the relevant department need to study the recommendations of this study to ensure that the people have digital access in public libraries to mitigate the diverse socio-economic challenges they are facing to improve their lives.     

科学数据完全与公开获取政策及其借鉴意义

科学数据成为一种重要的战略资源，在建设创新型国家过程中发挥着不可替代的作用。文章通过对美国科学数据“完全与公开”获取政策的起源、意义、内容和应用情况的阐述，分析了这一政策对我国科学数据公共获取的借鉴意义。     

网络行为数据的适用性评估问题初探

[目的/意义]探讨网络行为数据适用性的意涵、影响因素和评估方法，为相关研究提供参考，以促进此类数据的科学使用。[方法/过程]利用文献法梳理出网络行为数据适用性的核心影响因素，进而以此为基础，结合情报素材评估和社会调查数据评估领域的已有成果，探索如何对网络行为数据的适用性进行评估。[结果/结论]最终提出符合网络行为数据特征的适用性评估框架与方法，并结合案例初步验证所提方法的可用性。     

欧美科学数据开放存取出版平台服务调研及启示

[目的/意义]数据的价值和科学数据开放存取出版的重要性已成为共识，欧美科学数据开放存取出版平台的建设经验具有借鉴意义。[方法/过程]选取欧美地区14个典型的科学数据开放存取出版平台为样本，根据科学数据出版"采集-分发-重用"的生命周期，从科学数据出版政策或愿景，科学数据整合、标识与交互，科学数据出版与分发，科学数据引用，数据生命周期管理与出版质量控制5个方面展开调研，归纳其服务建设特点与经验。[结果/结论]提炼得出对我国科学数据开放存取出版平台服务建设的有益启示：制定覆盖科学数据出版全生命周期的政策，重视科学数据出版服务建设的数据整合、数据标识、数据引用、数据评审等关键性问题。     

Internet Access and Training for African-American Churches

Abstract

Edward G. Miner Library, the health sciences library at the University of Rochester Medical Center, is reaching out beyond its usual user group to improve health knowledge of members of six inner-city African-American churches and one community center. With the Congregation Healthy Heart Action Partnership (CHHAP) and the Rochester Public Library as partners, and with funding from the National Library of Medicine, Miner is providing Internet access at the churchesand training church and community members to use reliable health Web sites such as MedlinePlus. A train-the-trainer approach and follow-up meetings empower church members to carry the information to others. In addition to trainees learning about reliable health Web resources and Rochester Public Library's health resources, new relationships between libraries and churches have resulted. It is hoped that this program will help reduce health disparities between Rochester's inner-city minorities and residents of the surrounding suburbs.     

科技信息开放获取的历史进程

把开放获取运动的发展阶段分为试验期（2004年前）和推广扩展期（2004年后）,详细描述各个阶段国际社会在科技文献开放获取、开放数据和开放教育方面的主要努力,介绍美、英、德、法、加、澳、印等国科研资助机构和教育科研机构在开放获取上的重要举措。     

Net Neutrality and Libraries: Conflicts of Access

The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit recently heard a suit brought against the Federal Communications Commission by Verizon concerning the 2010 Open Internet Rules. These rules were meant to protect consumers and ensure net neutrality by Internet service providers (ISPs). The Court struck down these rules, and now ISPs will have more power about how content is delivered to users. Librarians should be knowledgeable of net neutrality and this ruling, as it potentially affects abilities of users to exercise intellectual freedoms and could impact the library’s ability to provide services to its users.     

“互联网+”背景下科研用户的小数据融合研究

[目的/意义] 从"互联网+"的视角研究科研用户小数据的动态获取与跨界融合问题。[方法/过程] 分析小数据的内涵和特征,梳理科研用户小数据的来源与构成,从科研用户环境、科研用户需求以及科学研究模式3个角度分析科研用户小数据融合的重要性。在此基础上,重点探讨面向科研用户小数据融合的主要原则与具体过程。[结果/结论] 科研用户的小数据融合包括基础库、关联级融合、特征级融合和需求级融合4个层面,并通过数据收集——数据关联——特征提取——知识需求的方式,高效促进小数据的融合创新,为科研用户潜在需求的预测与个性服务的推送提供支持。     

Open Access for Scholars Left Behind: The Issue of Limited Access to Data and Scholarship

Abstract

This column discusses information literacy instruction through the lens of open access (OA) to better serve researchers who have limited access to scholarship due to cost. After providing a definition of OA, the benefit of OA is exemplified through both researchers who lose access to information, like students, and those who have little access to begin with, like researchers in disenfranchised locations. Information literacy instruction librarians who teach the use of OA resources increase awareness for global researchers, ensure alumni access to scholarship after loss of institutional affiliation, and increase scholarship published in OA mediums, supporting those without traditional access.     

2015-2016年国际开放获取相关政策与实践进展

[目的/意义]通过跟踪全球开放获取发展态势,以期为我国的开放获取实践提供参考借鉴。[方法/过程]以2015年1月到2016年12月为时间窗口,通过网络调研和归纳研究的方法,从开放获取知识库、开放出版、开放数据和开放科学四个方面分析和总结全球开放获取相关政策和实践进展,并对开放获取发展趋势和所面临的挑战进行了归纳。[结果/结论]全球开放获取知识库从重点关注资源存储向资源利用转变;开放出版由通过政策促进规模出版转向价格和质量控制;开放数据关注重点从行业领域上升到国家发展战略的高度,发展重点由基础设施建设转向数据存储和利用等政策的制定;开放科学从制定理想规划和落实方案到不确定的阶段。     

2013年国际开放获取实践进展

通过跟踪2013年世界重要科研资助机构、科研机构、政府部门、出版机构的开放获取政策、研究报告和动态消息,从开放获取政策、开放出版实践、开放获取知识库的发展趋势以及新的开放获取学术信息交流模式（如开放数据和开放获取图书）等方面总结2013年国际开放获取实践方面的具体进展。     

对馆员工作时间上网的人性化思考

现代图书馆的工作离不开网络.在利用网络为读者服务的同时,普遍存在馆员上班时间上网的现象,就如何看待和管理这种上网行为,从人性化的角度提出一些管理理念.     

互联网环境下读者服务模式的延伸

针对目前读者访问图书馆数字资源时存在的一系列问题,论文提出采用VPN技术实现对图书馆数字资源的远程访问,实现互联网环境下读者服务模式的延伸。论文概述了VPN的概念、优点、工作原理、两种主流技术及其在图书馆远程访问中的具体应用。