Educational Vouchers: A Primer

Advancements in technology have changed the day to day operation of society. The ways in which we teach and learn have begun the same process. For this reason, we must reexamine instruction. In this article, the author analyzes the changing environment of educational technology and how to incorporate the theory of multiple intelligences. The teaching strategies presented outline how to enhance student performance by blending new technologies with time-tested pedagogy. The author explains and matches up each intelligence with an effective technology tool. He also provides examples from scholarly publications and actual classroom practice.     

敦煌寺院会计凭证考释

会计凭证是敦煌寺院会计文书中的一个重要类型,与诸色入破历、入破历算会牒等会计账簿和会计报告构成了一个相对完整的会计文书体系。敦煌寺院的会计凭证种类多样。本文对判、施舍疏、取抄署、契据等几种会计凭证的形制特点及其在会计核算活动中的使用状况进行了具体辨析,指出敦煌寺院十分重视会计凭证的制作、整理、审核与保管。会计凭证发挥了记录收支、控制出纳和为编制账簿、会计报告提供依据的重要作用,是敦煌寺院进行会计核算的基础,体现了敦煌寺院财产管理和会计核算制度的严谨性。     

School voucher funding system of post-Soviet Georgia: From lack of funding to lack of deliverables

This research explores the school funding system in post-Soviet Georgia. The research aimed to answer the following research questions:

(1) Does the voucher system promote cost effectiveness, and does increased funding improve the academic achievements of schools?

(2) To what extent does the school voucher funding system promote freedom of school choice?

(3) How effective is the school funding system in promoting the privatization of general education?

(3) The content analysis research method was used in the study. The study revealed important problems in the general education funding system of post-Soviet Georgia in terms of cost effectiveness, school choice, and the development of the private school sector. The authors argue that the absence of linkages between funding and educational reform is the main challenge facing the education system. The introduction of a differentiated, need-based, top-up funding model for private schools could improve opportunities for school choice and promote the establishment of free schools.     

学校选择的法理分析

国家推行就近入学政策是为了保障适龄儿童、少年接受基本的教育,而学生选择理想的学校是为了接受更高质量的教育。择校既是学生受教育权的重要内容,也体现了受教育权的平等性。只要作出合理的制度安排,进行严格的规范,择校就应该得到肯定。     

美国克利夫兰市教育券诉讼案始末

美国克利夫兰市教育券诉讼案的审理和裁决过程十分复杂,历经法院的层层审理,最终由美国联邦最高法院做出判决,判决认为该教育券计划没有违背美国宪法第一修正案政教分离条款。该诉讼案由此也成为美国教育券实施过程中的一个里程碑,为之后教育券的实施奠定了法律基础。     

School Vouchers

ABSTRACT

The study of school choice for special education students brings together several important pieces of legislation which are separately the focus of high interest. This paper reviews the features of the three major special education bills (the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, section 504 of the Rehabilitation Acts, the Americans with Disabilities Act) in the context of the Establishment and Free Exercise Clauses of the U.S. Constitution and so-called Blaine Amendments in various state constitutions. The principles of special education are discussed, and current voucher programs are examined to determine their compatibility with special education. The litigation that has resulted from this growing voucher movement is discussed and current and future trends are presented from a special education perspective. doi:10.1300/ J467v01n03_06     

关于择校就学的经济学分析

择校就学不仅是一种教育现象而且是一种经济决择。从经济学的角度看,择校就学的存在有其理论基础、客观依据和主观原因,因此,对择校就学的评价也应在此基础上作出。     

清代王敏买地砖券考述简

买地券是古代人们通过模拟现实生活中的土地契约文书,让生人或死者同各类神祗进行象征性“交易”,使死者得到安居之所的一种契约。在墓中随葬“买地券”的习俗在我国流传广泛,是很有价值的宗教、民俗等方面的精神文化史料。金塔县出土的清代道光十五年《王敏买地砖券》对于研究当时的丧葬风俗、民间信仰和土地买卖契约等都有一定的史料和学术价值。     

The Australian Education Union: A History of Opposing School Choice and School Autonomy Down-Under

In this article, I chronicle the recent history of efforts to broaden school choice in the Commonwealth of Australia and the opposition to these efforts put forth by Australia’s largest teacher union, the Australian Education Union (AEU). Evidence is presented on the positive effects that flow from the public funding of nongovernment schools and of the perception held by principals that less external regulation improves school functions. In spite of this, the Union continues to oppose choice efforts. I conclude that, at least in Australia, the influence of the AEU has placed impediments in the way of increased school choice and autonomy. Readers in other countries may draw their own conclusions from these observations in Australia.     

The Educational and Behavioral Impacts of the Ewing Marion Kauffman Charter School

The Kauffman School is a public charter school serving students from low-income neighborhoods in Kansas City, Missouri. This paper used a matched comparison group design to estimate the impacts of the Kauffman School on student achievement, attendance, and suspensions. We found that the Kauffman School had large positive impacts on student achievement in mathematics, reading, and science. This paper also used qualitative data to explore possible mechanisms for the school's effects. We found evidence that the Kauffman School's hallmarks are being implemented faithfully, and that stakeholders believe the school's methods are having a positive influence on students' attitudes and performance     

教育券能否改进学校效率的分析

教育券提升学校效率的前提是学校间能形成竞争,而学校间竞争形成则需要具备相应的条件。在教育实践中,学校竞争所需的一系列条件如学校的可选择性、教育发展的均衡性、服务的异质性、信息的可获性、完善的退出机制等要素并不完全具备。且上述要件作为一种必要条件,得到满足也并不意味着教育效率的必然提高。教育券诱发的过度竞争、精英化和成本失控反而会导致教育效率的降低。     

The Effect of Private School Vouchers on Political Participation: Experimental Evidence From New York City

In 1997, the New York School Choice Scholarships Foundation Program (SCSF) randomly offered three-year scholarships to attend private schools to approximately 1,000 low-income families in New York City. In this paper we leverage exogenous variation generated by the SCSF to estimate the causal effect of the private school voucher offer—and the private school attendance it induced—on later-life voter registration and turnout outcomes. Our results demonstrate that the voucher intervention had no effect on registering to vote or voting in any of several elections for either the full sample or any of several demographic subgroups. Although unique aspects of the SCSF context impose limits on the scope of our results, they have clear implications for assessing the relative effectiveness of public and private schools in preparing democratic citizens. We close the paper by discussing the implications of the results for research and policy.     

中国教育的问题是公立学校的问题

贯穿于现代公立学校发展历程的一个基本问题是有关国家与教育的关系府关问系题、市。。场2始0、于学世校纪19三8950者年年之的代间中,由的国于关教市系育场,体经简制济政改的放革影权,其响的重,传改点统革就的目是政标通府有过与了简学新政校的放关含权系义开。重始未构分来国化的家,公与形立教成学育了政校的改革既要坚持简政放权的改革成果,又要体现公立学校本身的机构特征,因此维护、发展多元化的办学体制和保证、坚守公立学校的公益性质,就是公立学校必须面对的两大问题。公立学校应当成为一种非政府、非企业的、具有特别法人地位的社会组织,并以此为依据对其权利和义务作出必要的规定。     

论美国对家长择校的法律监督及其启示

家长择校问题涉及到公民受教育权的保障,需要进行严格的监督和限制。美国政府管制家长择校的法理基础是教育机会均等原则。美国政府一方面通过教育券计划、教育税抵免计划、帮助残疾学生,加强对弱势家庭学生的扶助;另一方面通过建立完善的学校信息系统、防范学校设立不公平的入学筛选标准,强化对一般家长择校的控制。     

Interpreting Voucher Research

ABSTRACT

School vouchers, particularly since the landmark U.S. Supreme Court ruling on the Cleveland program, are one of the most contentious issues in American education. Seemingly contradictory results across available studies have caused confusion among diverse audiences. The authors suggest that these divergent findings are, in part, due to three factors, unique to voucher research, associated with choice. How these factors combine for various comparison groups are examined and how the combinations likely impact estimations of voucher effect are discussed. The authors close by suggesting that the most complete understanding of the impact of vouchers on students requires the use of multiple comparison groups.     

学校文化建设的现实困惑与路向选择

文化选择与文化定位一直是学校文化建设面临的现实困境,在社会转型加剧的背景下,学校文化路向的迷失与选择的困惑越来越显著。学校文化路向的叩问旨在展示当前学校文化建设面临的选择危机,应该重视文化传承和文化创造的自主性,确立主导性的文化追求与文化使命;学校文化的重建与选择应以中国优秀传统文化为根基,在与现代文化交流与融合的过程中建立属于我们自己的文化传统与价值体系;学校文化的发展应清楚地认识自觉与自然两个不同的发展阶段,力求将学校文化自然地融入学校教育。     

公立学校的公共性问题

公立学校具有公共性。但近现代公立学校制度本身也暗藏着导致学校非公共化的离心力量,这些力量动摇了人们对公立学校公共性的认同。而新中国公立学校的公共性问题比西方尤甚:一方面,它处于褊狭的公与私的二元对立之中,并没有能够包容“私”;另一方面,它注重形式上的“公”(公有、国办、共管等),忽视实质意义上的“公”(公平、多元、共享)。改革开放极大地削弱了极左政治对公立学校的控制。然而,危及公立学校公共性的教育供给与需求的矛盾依然存在。学校目标的繁杂和寻租行为的泛滥则进一步加剧了公立学校的认同危机,并使其道德基础受到严峻挑战。对公立学校的行政管制也有再一次被强化的趋势。而在我们看来,导致公立学校公共性变异的关键变量,还是它们所处的非竞争性的制度环境……     

美国克利夫兰市教育券诉讼案的法理分析

克利夫兰市教育券诉讼案历经法院的层层审理,最终在2002年6月27日由美国联邦最高法院做出终审判决。美国联邦最高法院判决克利夫兰市教育券计划没有违背美国宪法第一修正案政教分离条款,是符合美国宪法的。     

城市义务教育学校领导质量评价的价值变迁

学校领导质量评价是学校办学水平评估的重要组成部分,也是诊断学校教育发展状况的关键指标.城市学校领导质量评价需要在吸收传统体制思维中“绩效性评价”优点的基础上,形成促进学校改进的“发展性评价”取向,从领导文化、领导能力、领导机制三个维度进一步改进评价体系,增强学校发展的“造血”功能,进而为义务教育办学水平评估提供有益支撑.     

Modeling the Charter School Landscape

ABSTRACT

To date, few studies have quantitatively examined within-group differences among charter schools. This is largely due to the lack of a workable typology with which to describe and classify schools. This study fills that gap with a two dimensional typology constructed from a sample of 1182 charter schools in five states-Arizona, California, Florida, Michigan, and Texas.