美国国家数字信息基础结构和保存项目

目前,许多国家都在做数字化方面的工作,重点是传统文献资源的数字化保存。而对已经数字化的信息如电子书、电子期刊、网站信息等的保存问题也越来越为世人所重视,并着手实施。据调查,1998年44%的网站的寿命有1年,到2002年网站的寿命只有44天。保存数字信息刻不容缓。美国国会已于2000年12月通过了PublicLaw106-554,计划拨款1亿美元给国会图书馆进行数字保存项目的研究,并委托国会图书馆制定国家数字信息基础结构和保存项目(NDIIPP)的具体计划。同时敦促国会图书馆和主要政府管理部门合作,如商务部、白宫科技政策办公室、国家档案局同国…     

德国国家文化遗产科研数据基础设施构建模式研究及启示

[目的/意义]构建文化遗产数字基础设施既是保护传承文化遗产的重要手段,又是开放科学环境下支撑新的研究范式的重要保障。[方法/过程]本研究以德国国家文化遗产科研数据基础设施建设项目NFDI4Culture为研究对象,从建设内容、核心问题、组织结构到运行机制进行了分析。[结果/结论]研究发现,NFDI4Culture项目以建设科研数据基础设施的方式进行文化遗产数字化,具有协同合作、标准统一,并且建立全数据生命周期生态系统的特点。本研究在结尾给予我国图书馆/信息机构进行相关工作给予建议。     

The wireless abyss: Deconstructing the U.S. National Broadband Map

The U.S. National Broadband Map (NBM) is arguably the most complex articulation and synthesis of telecommunications data ever generated by the federal government. Drawing upon information collected by fifty U.S. states, five territories and the District of Columbia, broadband provision is tabulated at the Census block level and made available to the general public in a variety of formats (e.g., maps, tabular databases, and geographic coverages). One major policy challenge associated with deepening our understanding of wireless broadband provision in the United States is developing a methodological process for accurately rearticulating NBM wireless data collected at the block level to more meaningful economic units (e.g., Census block groups or tracts). Without this ability, policy analysis and an objective evaluation of the goals set forth in the National Broadband Plan are compromised. The purpose of this paper is to outline such a methodology, while simultaneously highlighting several consistency checks for ensuring completeness and data aggregation integrity.     

美国地理空间信息管理体制问题研究

文章重点研究了美国地理空间数据及其组织与管理体制、有关数据分享政策法规建设、地理空间信息政策研究及相关争论等问题,提出我国地理空间信息体制建设和产业发展可借鉴美国经验,重视政策与立法,做好顶层设计,制定科学管理模式,协调各方利益。     

论高等学校院系图书馆的定位和发展

基于对现代图书情报知识服务趋向的理解和把握,对新形势下高等学校院系图书馆(资料室)的组织结构,情报资料的来源和管理,管理人员的基本要求等方面进行了探讨。从知识组织管理的角度对院系图书馆进行了重新定位,在此基础上提出了信息时代图书馆进一步发展的方向,以适应新形势下知识服务的客观需要。     

从美国电子媒体势力演变过程看新老媒体竞争(上)

正在走向市场经济的中国媒介产业 ,报刊 ,广播 ,电视以及新兴的网络媒体 ,如何在日益激烈的广告和受众的竞争中占据有利地位 ,并在竞争中协调合作、共同发展 ,是一个紧迫的课题。美国在这方面起步早 ,经验和教训也多 ,日本中央大学综合政治系教授山口秀夫以一个亚洲研究人员看美国新老媒体竞争演化的视角 ,对之进行了详尽的分析 ,相信会给我们一些启发。     

美国版权集体管理模式及其借鉴意义

文章从组织型态、版税分配、组织监管和数字授权实践的发展等四个方面分析了美国版权集体管理模式,在此基础上,提出我国版权集体管理组织应引入市场竞争机制、加强监督管理,建立版税分配标准的争议解决机制和逐步实现版权集体管理的数字化等建议。     

A post-September 11th balancing act: Public access to U.S. government information versus protection of sensitive data

The purpose of this paper is to suggest realistic guidelines that balance public access to government information and the need to protect sensitive data. Emphasis is on lessons learned from a 1979 case where the government attempted to prohibit the Progressive Magazine from publishing an article about making a hydrogen bomb and government reactions to the September 11th attacks. Executive Orders 12958 and 13292 and the new U.S. Geological Survey policy towards sensitive data can become the foundation for reasonable guidelines. The author concludes that the U.S. tradition of democracy and open government remains strong and will survive the attempts to limit information access since September 11, 2001.     

Human Trafficking in the United States. Part II. Survey of U.S. Government Web Resources for Publications and Data

This second part of a two-part series is a survey of U.S. government web resources on human trafficking in the United States, particularly of the online publications and data included on agencies’ websites. Overall, the goal is to provide an introduction, an overview, and a guide on this topic for library staff to use in their research and instruction services, as well as to benefit new researchers, students, government agencies, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), social service providers, and others exploring this topic.     

#SELFIES at the 2016 Rio Olympics: Comparing Self-Representations of Male and Female Athletes from the U.S. And China

Social media provides athletes an efficient platform on which to build and maintain their online image. Applying the self-representation theory of Goffman (1959), this study explored the gendered differences between the self-portrayals of U.S. and Chinese athletes. Findings suggest that hegemonic gender norms still had a strong hold on Chinese athletes’ self-disclosure, whereas minimal gender differences emerged between male and female U.S. athletes. Results suggested that cultural background had a substantial impact on self-representation for all participants. Although athletes might claim agency when presenting themselves on social media, the practice of self-portrayal should be examined within specific cultural contexts.     

Comparison of social media use for the U.S. and the Korean governments

Social media allows for the creation of bottom-up online communities that encourage the government to utilize a two-way participatory media model, rather than a traditional broadcast media model. The purpose of this study is to examine the current status of social media usage in both Korean and U.S. governments, present several issues and suggest future directions.     

Congress as Publisher: The magic of the U.S. Congressional Serial Set

A major part of Congressional publishing, though not the whole conspectus of it, is the U.S. Congressional Serial Set. After a quick review of the history of the Serial Set, the formal categories of publications are discussed with their statistical breakdown followed by salient examples from some of the various genres of Serial Set publications.     

美国公共图书馆数字参考咨询延伸服务的启示

文章运用实证研究法和案例分析的方法,研究分析了美国公共图书馆的数字参考咨询延伸服务的五个方面——"知识服务"、"咨询知识库""、在线作业辅导""、信息素养教育"以及"个性化信息传递",并提出了优化我国公共图书馆数字参考咨询延伸服务的建议。