关于理工类学生科学史教育的几点思考

科学史在沟通人与科学、发扬科学本身蕴含的人精神、提高人素质等方面有着很重要的作用。然而在目前我国理工类大学的教学中,科学史尚未发挥出应有的作用。各院校应把科学史融入专业课教学之中。     

Is science itself the cause of ineffective science teaching?

In her article “A Possible ‘Orality’ for Science?” (Interchange, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 227–244), Rampal argues that science can be made more relevant to students if its language is reformed and replaced by one that contains elements drawn from oral cultures. There is some point to this policy proposal, but it fails to note that the dispassionate and impersonal prose of science has its own function in the on-going practice of science. The real task for the teacher should not be reforming the language of science but rather using oral culture to lead students in the excitement of scientific theories and the joys of scientific research, bringing them in the end to a mastery of the prose style that the scientific community has found serves well its goal of increasing our knowledge of laws of nature.     

Mathematics in science: The role of the history of science in communicating the significance of mathematical formalism in science

The use of a historical profile for illustrating the significance of the mathematical components of a scientific law is discussed in this paper. Such an approach addresses the need for the purposive use of scientific laws rather than the blind substitutionary procedures characteristic of most problem-solvers. The approach has the potential for increasing female participation in the physical sciences because of its reliance on learning modes favourable to female participation.     

从脑科学的角度看科学教育的本质

非常感谢对我的邀请。能在长春与各位学者见面交谈感到不胜荣幸。我在日本大分大学所从事的专业是理科教育学科。主要是培养从事理科教育的老师。该学科由物理学、化学、生物学、地理学和理科教育学共5个科目构成。在中国理科教育学这一学科也许是新概念吧。对这样的学科来说如何使学生有效地掌握科学内容与科学方法是一个庞大的研究课题。为此 ,在我的研究室里以人的生理反应为指标验证教育效果从而进行各种各样的实验。具体一点说就是以脑电波以及皮肤电阻变化所进行的学习过程的研究。从另一角度来说 ,就是运用脑科学知识探索应该如何进…     

The presentation of science in everyday life: the science show

This paper constitutes a case-study of the ‘science show’ model of public engagement employed by a company of science communicators focused on the popularization of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) subject disciplines with learner constituencies. It examines the potential of the science show to foster the interest and imagination of young learners in STEM; challenge popular pre/misconceptions of science and scientists; reveal the broadness, plurality and everyday relevance of science; and induce a more fluent and equitable science nexus between expert and non-expert or learner groups. Discussion focuses on conversations with members of a UK and university based science communication outfit who comment on the potential of the science show as a model of non-formal science education and science engagement and the necessary conditions for its success.     

Undergraduate science students' images of science

This article describes views about the nature of science held by a small sample of science students in their final year at the university. In a longitudinal interview study, 11 students were asked questions about the nature of science during the time they were involved in project work. Statements about the nature of science were characterized and coded using a framework drawing on aspects of the epistemology and sociology of science. The framework in this study has three distinct areas: the relationship between data and knowledge claims, the nature of lines of scientific enquiry, and science as a social activity. The students in our sample tended to see knowledge claims as resting solely on empirical grounds, although some students mentioned social factors as also being important. Many of the students showed significant development in their understanding of how lines of scientific enquiry are influenced by theoretical developments within a discipline, over the 5–8 month period of their project work. Issues relating to scientists working as a community were underrepresented in the students' discussions about science. Individual students drew upon a range of views about the nature of science, depending on the scientific context being discussed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 36: 201–219, 1999     

Democratic science teaching: A role for the history of science

For John Dewey, democracy meant the opportunity and the ability to participate in the continuing conversation of the community. To participate effectively, education must free the intelligence to creatively reconstruct the community. Dewey traced logic back to its etymological roots in dialogue. The history of science is the history of a conversation of an international community. To participate in it effectively, students must free their intelligence. Logically, this is best done by creative and disciplined democratic classroom dialogue instead of the monologue common to so many schools. We recommend a dialogical model of science teaching.     

Influence of resequencing general science content on the science achievement,attitudes toward science,and interest in science of sixth grade students

This study was designed to determine the influence of resequencing general science content on sixth grade students' science achievement, attitudes toward science, and interest in science. Resequencing content was accomplished for experimental group students through revising the order of textbook chapters in a general science course, in order to clarify content structure and establish interrelationships among major concepts. The subjects were 203 sixth grade learners randomly assigned to the two treatment groups of resequenced content and nonresequenced content. The findings revealed that students for whom content structure was clarified through resequencing general science chapters exhibited significantly higher science achievement, significantly more positive attitudes toward science, and significantly greater interest in science than students for whom general science content was not resequenced.     

加快科学进步 跟上世界石化科技发展步伐

当今世界正在经历着一场全球性的科技革命，在新技术革命的带动下，世界石化技术迅猛发展，石化技术的不断进步为石化工业的发展提供了强有力的支撑，推动着石化工业成长为现代产业，并将继续为促进人类更合理和更有效地利用石油资源，改善生活质量提供新技术保障。 本文通过研究世界石化科技发展趋势和石化产品未来的市场需求，确定天津石化的今后发展战略和目标，从而走出一条科技含量高、经济效益好、资源消耗低、生存环境得到保护的可持续发展之路。     

An analysis of prospective science teachers' understanding of the nature of science

Prospective science teachers involved in this study did not endorse viewpoints about the language of science associated with any philosopher of science to the exclusion of others. Their preference, however, appeared to be with Hempel. Although to some degree, both prospective science teachers and science majors subscribed to an inductive notion of science, the former leaned more towards the currently acceptable deductive notion of the nature of science after offering a science methods course emphasizing that logic.     

Dimensions of evidence,the public understanding of science and science education

This paper explores the nature and type of evidence employed by participants in an issue of public concern. By examining documents and interviewing members of the public involved in the debate, the way in which evidence was used in the arguments for and against the issue was determined. Three dimensions of evidence emerged from the data: formal scientific evidence based on the data; informal evidence (e.g. common sense, personal experience) and wider issues which impinge on the evidence (e.g. environmental or legal concerns). In this particular controversy, it was the questioning of the formal evidence by local scientists which became the 'magic bullet' but pertinent questioning by local nonscientists also framed the debate. The authors suggest that school science curricula should include practice in questioning and manipulating different sorts of real data in a variety of ways so that pupils are equipped and empowered to tackle contemporary issues of this kind.     

An investigation of introductory physical science using the test of science process

The hypotheses tested were that there would be differentially, significant improvement in scores on the Test of Science Processes (TSP) for four homogeneous divisions of an eight grade class during the period they studied the first five chapters of Introductory Physical Science (IPS). Results indicated significant improvement in at least one process subscore for each division of the class. A hierarchy of processes was suggested as a topic for further study.     

关于科学技术学学科建设的策略性思考

本文认为申请科学技术学一级学科的策略是应该借助科学学。