浅议提高仔猪成活率的措施

仔猪成活率的高低,直接影响养猪业的发展,近年来,仔猪成活率较差,已成为制约养猪业发展的瓶颈。笔者根据自己多年来的实践认为造成仔猪成活率较低的原因主要是疾病因素、饲喂及用药技术,只要做到程序免疫、科学饲喂和合理用药,就能提高仔猪成活率。     

仔猪王718仔猪补充饲料饲喂效果试验

试验选择４０头２８日龄提前奶、体重约７．５ｋｇ的３５日龄长大二元杂交仔猪，随机分成２组，每组２０头，分别饲喂正大３１１仔猪全价颗粒饲料和仔猪王７１８仔猪补充料，经过２４ｄ的试验，结果表明，试验组仔猪生长速度比对照快３．３７％，料肉比降低５．４１％，每ｋｇ增重饲料成本降低１４．５４％。     

佩兰挥发油治疗轮状病毒性仔猪腹泻的疗效观察研究

为研究佩兰对轮状病毒引起的仔猪腹泻的治疗效果,将40头仔猪平均随机分为4个处理组,分别为轮状病毒对照组、佩兰挥发油低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组.于32日龄时,对佩兰挥发油低、中、高剂量组仔猪分别饲喂25 mg/kg/d、50 mg/kg/d、100 mg/kg/d剂量的佩兰挥发油饲料.试验结果表明：使用低、中、高剂量的佩兰挥发油对轮状病毒引起的仔猪腹泻具有明显的保护作用.低、中、高剂量组与病毒感染对照组相比,人工感染轮状病毒后,仔猪腹泻指数均表现差异显著,这说明佩兰挥发油对仔猪感染轮状病毒引起的腹泻有较好的疗效.     

添加酵母代谢物对断奶仔猪生长发育的影响

选用杜洛克公猪与长约母猪杂交的48头仔猪,随机分为3组,每组16头,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加0．25％、0．50％的酵母代谢物,试验仔猪自由采食和饮水,通过测定仔猪初生、7、14、21、29、32、39、46和53日龄体重,记录仔猪的发病情况,计算仔猪7～21、21～29、29-32、32～46、46～53各日龄段的平均日增重情况,分析酵母代谢物对断奶仔猪生长发育的影响。研究结果表明：（1）在基础日粮中添加酵母代谢物能改善仔猪的增重效果,其中以添加0．25％的酵母代谢物效果较好;（2）酵母代谢物能缓解仔猪断奶时发病情况,同样以添加0．25％的酵母代谢物效果为好。     

大豆异黄酮对饲喂氧化鱼油新生仔猪肠道抗氧化功能及细胞因子的影响（英文）

目的:研究大豆异黄酮对氧化鱼油造成仔猪氧化应激的缓解作用,并初步探讨其作用机制。创新点:首次在仔猪肠道氧化应激模型中证明大豆异黄酮可缓解仔猪氧化应激,且此作用与提高其免疫功能相关。方法:将72头平均体重约1.8 kg的4日龄杜×(长×大)三元杂公猪随机分为3组,每组重复6次,每次重复包括4头猪:对照组(饲喂50 g/kg新鲜鱼油),处理组1(添加50 g/kg氧化鱼油)和处理组2(添加50 g/kg氧化鱼油+20 mg/kg大豆异黄酮);基础日粮根据NRC(2012)《猪的营养需要量》配制,每3小时饲喂一次,记录每天采食量;实验期21天结束后,称重,计算平均日采食量、平均日增重及料重比。用苏木精-伊红染色法观察小肠形态结构,并计算绒毛高度和隐窝深度,应用南京建成试剂盒测定肠道中抗氧化酶的活性,应用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)试剂盒测定细胞炎症相关因子和细胞凋亡相关因子的表达。结论:饲喂氧化鱼油引起新生仔猪肠道产生氧化应激,引起仔猪生长性能下降、肠道发育受损、细胞凋亡增加及免疫功能失调。而添加大豆异黄酮能减缓氧化鱼油造成的肠道损伤,提高肠道粘膜完整性,提高肠道粘膜细胞抗氧化功能和免疫功能。     

低蛋白日粮对断奶仔猪胃肠道消化酶表达及激素分泌的影响（英文）

目的:研究蛋白日粮水平对断奶仔猪消化的影响机制。创新点:从营养物质消化及激素变化方面研究低蛋白日粮对仔猪胃肠道消化吸收的影响,探究低蛋白日粮饲养的可行性。方法:18头28日龄断奶仔猪经过7天适应期后平均体重为(9.57±0.64)kg。仔猪随机分为三组,每组6头,分别饲喂20%、17%和14%粗蛋白日粮并自由采食45天。根据国家研究委员会(NRC)2012年的标准,通过添加赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、半胱氨酸、苏氨酸及色氨酸等理想蛋白模型满足仔猪生长需求。实验结束后,进行颈静脉采血并屠宰取样。结论:结果表明基于蛋白日粮水平对内分泌及消化酶影响,与14%及20%粗蛋白组相比,17%蛋白日粮更有利于胃肠道和胰腺等组织中三种主要营养物质的消化。因此,17%粗蛋白水平更适合断奶仔猪的营养需求,证实了低蛋白日粮对断奶仔猪饲养的可行性。     

肥猪王738高效补充精料饲喂效果试验

试验选择长大杜三元杂交断奶仔猪２０头，随机分成２组，每组１０头，分别饲喂正元８００猪用浓缩饲料和肥猪王７３８猪用高效补充精料，３０天试验结果表明，肥猪王７３８饲料能明显提高试猪生产性能，增重速度提高，２４．２０％（Ｐ＜０．０５），料肉比下降１２８．２１％，每ｋｇ增重的饲料成本降低２２．１１％。／     

发酵豆粕对早期断奶仔猪生长、肠道微生物菌群及腹泻的影响

试验选择21日龄断乳仔猪120头,随机分为对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组共个四组,分别用不同比例的发酵豆粕替代普通大豆粕配制的日粮饲喂,研究发酵豆粕对早期断乳仔猪生长性能的影响。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组仔猪的平均日增重、料重比和平均日采食量均随发酵豆粕剂量的增加而逐渐改善,其中以试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的仔猪日增重显著增加（p〈0.05）;试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组均比对照组的腹泻率明显降低,差异极显著（p〈0.01）,而试验Ⅰ组与对照组相比仔猪的腹泻率有所降低,但差异均不显著（p〉0.05）;仔猪肠道中大肠杆菌数量比对照组均有一定程度的下降,而乳酸杆菌数量则呈现增长的趋势,且以试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的效果显著（p〈0.05）。试验结果说明：早期断乳仔猪日粮中使用不同比例的发酵豆粕可一定程度调节肠道微生物菌群结构,减少早期断乳仔猪的腹泻发生,改善了早期断乳仔猪的生产性能,以发酵豆粕添加10%以上效果较明显。     

仔猪断奶后综合症的防治措施

仔猪断奶后综合症，是由溶血性大肠杆菌引起的一种传染病，包括了仔猪水肿病（俗称红眼病）。仔猪断奶后腹泻、仔猪断奶后过敏三种疾病，本文参考最新研究成果对此作以简述。     

养仔猪新技术

养仔猪新技术侯国芳为提高仔猪成活率，获养猪高效益，必须采用养仔猪新技术。这对加快我国养猪业的发展，具有重要现实意义。近年来，我们探索出以抓好“三关”为重点的养仔猪新技术。一、初生关：要想提高仔猪成活率，使仔猪发育整齐，要作好保温和喂奶。仔猪体温和母猪...     

新课程理念下中学数学学习过程评价的探究

数学学习过程评价，是数学新课程评价的核心内容．它是将评价与教师的教学与学生的学习活动有机地结合起来，把评价纳入学习活动过程之中，并将评价作为学生主动学习的一部分，以评价促进学生的学习和学生的发展．数学学习过程评价的目的是为了及时反馈调节学生数学学习活动，促进学生的发展，而不是为了检查．正确建构数学学习过程评价必须明确过程评价的意义、类型、内容、评价方法和呈现方式．     

Dual flow immunochromatographic assay for rapid and simultaneous quantitative detection of ochratoxin A and zearalenone in corn,wheat, and feed samples

A one-step dual flow immunochromatographic assay (DICGA), based on a competitive format, was developed for simultaneous quantification of ochratoxin A (OTA) and zearalenone (ZEN) in corn, wheat, and feed samples. The limit of detection for OTA was 0.32 ng/ml with a detection range of 0.53?12.16 ng/ml, while for ZEN it was 0.58 ng/ml with a detection range of 1.06?39.72 ng/ml. The recovery rates in corn, wheat, and feed samples ranged from 77.3% to 106.3% with the coefficient of variation lower than 15%. Naturally contaminated corn, wheat, and feed samples were analyzed using both DICGA and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and the correlation between the two methods was evaluated using a regression analysis. The DICGA method shows great potential for simple, rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective quantitative detection of OTA and ZEN in food safety control.     

Removal of aqueous phenol compound by vacuum membrane distillation

1.IntroductionPhenolisanimportantchemicalindustrymaterial,butitalsoaboundswithserioushazardtoenvironmentandthreatstohumanhealth.Rigidruleshavebeenmadeoutonthephenoldischargeconcentration.Researchesonthetreatmentofphenolwastewaterwerecarriedoutinvariouscountries[1-5].Membraneseparationmethodsincludingreverseosmosis,ultrafiltrationandpervaporationhaveattractedmuchattentionforphenolwastewatertreatment,withcelluloseacetate(CA)membraneemployedmostly[6].Membranedistillationisanewmembraneseparation…     

当代中国革命文学"经典"的生产及再生性

当代中国革命文学在20世纪50-70年代曾经因其具有的革命价值和意义而成为时代的"经典",被当代作几代人的"教科书".但随着这个时代的历史化,中国社会的"政治路线发生转变时",这些昔日的"经典"是否真的失去了文学的功能呢?没有再生的可能呢?应该说,当代中国革命文学"经典"的生产机制依然在运转,而且整个中国社会从民间到国家政权仍需要"革命"的喂养,因此当代中国革命文学"经典"在今天仍有再生产的价值.     

医疗废物的分类收集对热解焚烧处置的影响研究

以安阳市医疗废物的热解焚烧处置为例,分析了全市医疗废物的燃烧性质,将医疗废物中可燃烧和不可燃烧的废物投放于热解炉不同位置进行了焚烧试验,找出将可燃废物投放于热解炉下端、不可燃废物投放于热解炉上端的投料方式,与目前行业普遍使用的五类废物随意混合投放入炉的方式相比,可实现节电、节水、节油,具有较为明显的经济效益和环境效益,从而说明了医疗废物分类收集对热解焚烧处置运营水平的提高十分必要.     

983生物活性饲料蛋白饲喂生长肥猪的研究

研究了使用983生物活性蛋白饲料替代生长肥猪日粮的部分原料，结果显示以5％、10％、15％的替代率与正常日粮饲养生长肥猪的平均日增重、料重比无明显差异，头毛利率以5％替代率为最佳。证明使用983生物活性蛋白饲料替代生长肥猪日粮的部分原料是可行的，具有较大的经济效益。     

Enrichment of semi-volatile organic acids from aqueous solutions by multiple-effect membrane distillation

Multiple-effect membrane distillation(MEMD) process for enriching semi-volatile organic acids from their individual aqueous solutions was performed by using a hollow fiber-based air gap membrane distillation(AGMD)module with the function of internal heat recovery.Aqueous solutions of glyoxylic acid,glycolic acid,lactic acid,pyruvic acid,malonic acid and glutaric acid were used as model feed.For a feed of 1%(mass fraction),each acid could be enriched for 8-20 times,which depended on the surface tension of the concentrate.The operation performance of MEMD process was characterized by permeation flux J,performance ratio PR and acid rejection rate R.The effects of cold feed-in temperature,heated feed-in temperature,feed-in volumetric flow rate and feed-in concentration on MEMD performance were experimentally evaluated.Maximum values of J,PR and R were 4.8 L/(h·m 2),9.84 and 99.93%,respectively.Moreover,MEMD process demonstrated a fairly good stability in a long-term experiment lasting for 30 d when aqueous solution of 4%(mass fraction) lactic acid was used as a feed.     

Becoming creative practitioners: elementary teachers tackle artful approaches to writing instruction

The “creativity gap” is a distressing discrepancy between the ostensible value educators place on creativity and its absence in schools. How do teachers take on the attributes and skills of a creative practitioner? What struggles do they face in doing so? This case study examines the practices of six early elementary teachers who embarked on a professional development experience through which they learned arts-based strategies for prewriting activities. They purposefully practiced cultivating an environment in which student imagination would feed the generation of ideas and details in prewriting exercises. Findings indicate some teachers embraced this departure from the norm, recognizing how loosening their reigns emboldened “voice and choice” in student writing. Others experienced difficulty taking risks and developing spontaneity for accepting and responding to student ideas. Finally, teachers grappled with converging creative practice with everyday practices in the classroom.     

高速铣削718模具钢的铣削力试验研究

利用TiAlN涂层刀具对718模具钢进行高速铣削试验研究,获得铣削速度v、背吃刀量α_p、进给速度v_f和径向铣削深度α_e对铣削力的影响规律,为合理选择铣削参数提供可靠的依据。同时,在正交试验结果的基础上, 应用多元线性回归分析方法,建立铣削力的回归数学模型,并用R检验和F检验法验证模型的显著性。     

Ping Pong: competing leadership for reform in EU higher education 1998–2006

How effective is EU cooperation in higher education? This article treats the issue as one of effectiveness in policy-making. What are the policy ideas which the EU wishes to feed into a policy domain where it has to operate largely through political cooperation and a modest degree of incentive funding? What outcomes are possible? The question is of interest since Europe has two processes which aim for a better regional integration of higher education in order to boost the quality of European higher education and to make a global impact. These are the world- famous Bologna Process and the EU process to drive Europe's universities to make better use of their interlinked roles of education, research and innovation, part of a larger strategy (EU 2020, Lisbon) for European Union growth to support employment, productivity and social cohesion. Building on the theoretical insights of an institutionalist literature concerned with the dynamics of European policy-making in the knowledge domain (Maassen & Olsen, 2007; Gornitzka, 2006, 2010) and complementary theories of historical institutionalism (Pierson, 2003, Thelen, 2003) and agenda setting (Kingdon, 1995), this article examines policy-making on higher education cooperation in the European arena since the Treaty of Maastricht in 1992. It seeks answers to two questions. Why did the Bologna Process dominate the agenda from 1999 to 2004? How did the European Commission acquire the power to shape the issue of European higher education cooperation? Rejecting simple spillover explanations, it theorises in terms of policy entrepreneurship why the EU has latterly been effective in shaping European cooperation in higher education.