Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities to Cope in Middle School

The purpose of this article is to explore how to teach students with learning disabilities (LD) to cope effectively, so that they may develop self-determination (independence) skills in middle school. Teachers need to understand the definition of coping and what makes coping effective. They can then tailor instruction of students with LD with effective coping in mind. I describe the various ways in which the frame of instruction and specific methods can allow students with LD to cope effectively in school and hopefully, beyond it.     

Teaching Multistep Equations with Virtual Manipulatives to Secondary Students with Learning Disabilities

Students with learning disabilities often struggle with the academic demands presented in secondary mathematics curricula. To combat these students’ struggles, researchers have studied various pedagogical practices and classroom technologies for teaching standards covered in subjects such as algebra and geometry. However, as the role of computer‐ and tablet‐based technologies in education grows, some areas of study, such as the use of virtual manipulatives, lack exploration. This study sought to assess the benefits of virtual manipulatives to teach secondary students with a learning disability in mathematics how to solve multistep algebraic equations. A multiple baseline design across three participants demonstrated a functional relation between the use of a virtual manipulative balance and teaching students to acquire, maintain, and generalize the skill of solving multistep algebraic equations. Results provide new evidence demonstrating virtual manipulatives as a beneficial age‐appropriate technology to teach higher order mathematical concepts to secondary students with a learning disability.     

Teaching Secondary School Students with Learning Disabilities to Cope in Preparation for College

The purpose of this article is to explore how to teach secondary school students with learning disabilities (LD) to cope effectively, so they may develop self-determination (independence) skills in secondary school and beyond, in college. Teachers need to know about coping and what makes it effective in school as well as in a college context. I describe psychological concerns and methods of teaching that can allow students with LD to cope effectively in secondary school and in college.     

Teaching Middle School Students with Learning Disabilities to Recruit Peer Assistance During Cooperative Learning Group Activities

Four 8th graders with learning disabilities were taught to recruit assistance from peers during cooperative learning activities in two general education classrooms. The students were taught to show their work to a peer and make statements such as:“Can you help me?” or “How am I doing so far?” Training was conducted in the special education classroom and consisted of modeling, role playing, corrective feedback, and praise. A multiple baseline across students design showed that recruitment training increased (1) the rate of recruiting responses by the students, (2) the rate at which the students received instructional feedback and praise from peers, and (3) the productivity and accuracy with which the students completed their language arts assignments.     

Computer-Mediated Intersensory Learning Model for Students with Learning Disabilities

This article proposes a computer-mediated intersensory learning model as an alternative to traditional instructional approaches for students with learning disabilities (LDs) in the inclusive classroom. Predominant practices of classroom inclusion today reflect the six principles of zero reject, nondiscriminatory evaluation, appropriate education, least restrictive environment, procedural due process, and parental and student participation. These practices guide the amended Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) of 2004. For nearly 35 years the act has championed for the rights of children with disabilities. The act mandates that students with LDs are educated in the general education classroom (Hock, Deshler, & Schumaker, 1999).     

Science Education and Students with Learning Disabilities

Students with learning disabilities (LD) are increasingly expected to master content in the general education curriculum, making the need for effective instructional supports more important than ever before. Science is a part of the curriculum that can be particularly challenging to students with LD because of the diverse demands it places on cognitive performance. In this summary we review a number of strategies that have been validated for learners with LD. The strategies include supports for (a) verbal learning of declarative information, (b) processing information in texts, (c) activities‐based instruction/experiential learning, (d) scientific thinking and reasoning, and (e) differentiated instruction. We also summarize the research regarding the impact of teacher behavior on achievement for students with LD in science education. The strategies reviewed yield tangible and positive effect sizes that suggest that their application to the target domain will substantially improve outcomes for students with LD in science education.     

图式教学对初中代数学困生的影响

研究探讨图式教学对初中代数学困生的影响。被试为大连市 35中学初二年级的 14 4名学生 ,其中包括代数学困生、正常生和学优生。三种教学方式分别为规则中心图式教学、样例中心图式教学和正常教学。学生在不同阶段的成绩作为教学效果的指针。对不同教学方式下的不同类别学生的成绩进行协方差分析 ,结果发现 :图式教学的近期效果不明显 ,远期效果明显 ;规则中心图式教学明显好于样例中心图式教学和正常教学 ,是课堂教学中对代数学困生进行干预的较为理想的方式。     

Social Skills Learning for Students with Learning Disabilities and Students with Behaviour Disorders

This study examined the effects of a computer‐assisted social skills intervention on the social competence and behaviour adjustment of students with special needs. The sample consisted of 114 male students, divided into two groups: 52 students with learning disabilities (LD) (mean age = 12.23; SD = 1.12) and 62 students with behaviour disorders (BD) (mean age = 12.53; SD = 1.34). The students were trained with the “I Found a Solution” computer‐assisted social skill package. The intervention consisted of the computer‐assisted program and teacher‐guided work. Each student was assessed, before and after the training, on: teacher‐rated self‐control and maladjusted behaviours, peer‐rated social acceptance and self‐rated loneliness. Through conceptualisation based on the students’ loneliness and externalising maladjustment, four subgroups were identified: (a) relatively adjusted students; (b) externalising and not‐lonely students; (c) lonely and non‐externalising students; and (d) lonely and externalising students. The analyses included subgroups b, c and d, excluding the relatively adjusted subgroup, adding up to a sample of 83 students (35 students with learning disabilities and 48 students with behaviour disorders). A series of two‐way ANOVAs with repeated measures (grouping by subgrouping, with pre‐/post‐training scores as the repeated measures) revealed that following training, students in both groups felt less lonely and were more accepted by peers. Teachers rated them as demonstrating higher levels of self‐control and decreased externalising and internalising maladjustment. The differential impact of the training between groups (LD/BD) and among subgroups (b/c/d) highlighted the significance of the subtyping approach for understanding the children's social learning profiles and for directing effective social skill programming.     

学习障碍学生社会技能迁移及其干预

学习障碍学生的社会技能缺失主要表现在社会认知、判断力、情感识别能力、社会成熟、社会交往活动频率、人际排斥及社会技能迁移等方面,这些社会技能缺乏的表现可归为四种基本类型.学习障碍学生的社会技能干预模式主要包括直接教学形式和策略教学模式.教育者可根据社会技能缺失的类型和特点设计社会技能训练过程,并采取不同的干预方法对学习障碍学生进行干预.     

融合教育理念下学困生的差异教学

学困生在普通课堂教学中,因其自身认知特点无法获得有效学习的支持.基于对差异教学理论基础的考量,为满足学困生的特殊学习需求,课堂教学应采用差异教学,也就是针对学生的不同学习需求,提供适合的学习活动.     

国外学习困难学生研究综述

自1896年摩根发现词盲现象,从医学角度确定学习困难的概念以来,有关学习困难的研究一直受到教育界、心理界和医学界的广泛关注,并已成为一个重大难题。世界各国的研究者分别从学习技能、社会性、心理特点等方面对学习困难进行了研究。一、学习困难的界定和类型1.学习困难的界定学习困难,也称“学习失能”(Learning Disabilities)或学习不良,这一概念由美国学者柯克(S.kirk)在20世纪60年代首先提出,用来标示那些智力正常而学业成绩长期滞后的学生。从20世纪80年代末以来,人们在界定学习困难时,回避对原因问题的争论,而普遍接受美国学习困难…     

学习障碍学生社会技能训练的内容与方法

社会技能训练在促进学习障碍学生社会技能发展方面具有重要作用。学习障碍学生社会技能训练的内容主要包括基本交往技能、情绪情感表达和控制技能、社会关系技能、课堂交往技能、决策与问题解决技能以及冲突管理技能。学习障碍学生社会技能训练主要通过六步直接教学法、隐性课程法、社会解析法和应用行为分析法进行     

The University Experiences of Students with Learning Disabilities

To explore the university experiences of students with learning disabilities (LD), 63,802 responses to the 2014 Student Experience in the Research University Survey were analyzed. Compared to other students, those with self‐reported LD (5.96 percent) had difficulty with assignments and had more obstacles caused by nonacademic responsibilities and imposed by their skill levels. Students with self‐reported LD sensed more bias toward people with disabilities on campus, and they were less satisfied with their overall experience. Interactions between disability status and age suggested even more challenges for older students who self‐reported LD. Approximately one‐third of students who self‐reported LD received accommodations. The rate of accommodations was higher among individuals who were wealthy, who lived alone, and who were out‐of‐state students. Compared to students who self‐reported LD but reported no accommodations, those with accommodations had more contact with faculty and less difficulty with assignments.     

针对学习障碍学生的各种特殊教育观

针对学习障碍学生的特殊教育,从最初鉴别学生学习过程中的缺陷并进行矫正,到现在针对学生学习需要而进行的阶梯教育模式,经历了其自身发展的过程。     

浅论学习不良儿童积极自我概念的建立

学习不良儿童一直以来是教育者们关注的一个特殊群体.研究表明其自我概念整体水平低于一般儿童,学习不良儿童的自我概念与心理健康呈较高正相关.家庭、教师、同伴群体和社会文化对儿童自我概念的形成发展产生着重要影响,教育者应努力发挥自身作用促进学习不良儿童积极自我概念的建立.     

"学困生"在课堂学习中究竟在干什么--关于一个"学困生"的课堂行为表现的观察报告

学困生课堂活动的参与度低,常常游离于课堂学习活动之外.选择一位学困生作为观察对象,观察其在其他学生参与课堂学习活动时的课堂行为表现,寻求他游离于课堂学习活动之外的原因.通过对观察的分析,我们认为,教师对学困生的忽视可能是造成学生活动参与度低的主要原因.     

在表现性学习中促进学困生的转化与发展

对学困生人们一般是以考试成绩或教学大纲为标准来界定的,对学困生的转化也往往围绕这个方面做工作。在表现性学习看来,学困生的学习困难是局部的、暂时的、动态的,每个人都有自己擅长的领域与方式,假如给他们表现的机会与平台,激发他们表现的欲望与潜能,发挥他们自身的优势,促进他们独特、多样、充分地表现,那么,人人都精彩,个个都灿烂。