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Martin Halvey David ValletDavid Hannah Yue FengJoemon M. Jose 《Information processing & management》2010
There are a number of multimedia tasks and environments that can be collaborative in nature and involve contributions from more than one individual. Examples of such tasks include organising photographs or videos from multiple people from a large event, students working together to complete a class project, or artists and/or animators working on a production. Despite this, current state of the art applications that have been created to assist in multimedia search and organisation focus on a single user searching alone and do not take into consideration the collaborative nature of a large number of multimedia tasks. The limited work in collaborative search for multimedia applications has concentrated mostly on synchronous, and quite often co-located, collaboration between persons. However, these collaborative scenarios are not always practical or feasible. In order to overcome these shortcomings we have created an innovative system for online video search, which provides mechanisms for groups of users to collaborate both asynchronously and remotely on video search tasks. In order to evaluate our system an user evaluation was conducted. This evaluation simulated multiple conditions and scenarios for collaboration, varying on awareness, division of labour, sense making and persistence. The outcome of this evaluation demonstrates the benefit and usability of our system for asynchronous and remote collaboration between users. In addition the results of this evaluation provide a comparison between implicit and explicit collaboration in the same search system. 相似文献
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M D Cooper 《Journal of the American Society for Information Science》1983,34(6):374-380
The response time characteristics of the National Library of Medicine's (NLM) ELHILL bibliographic search system are examined in this article. Transactions for a five-week period are analyzed and average response times are calculated for typical search commands, by time of day, and by file being searched. Overall, the response time of the system was found to be 2.1 seconds, a very low value. Based on statistical tests of significance applied to the data, it was concluded that response time differences can be explained in terms of the number of users on the system and not the command issued by the user nor the file the user searched. 相似文献
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Maria Taramigkou Dimitris Apostolou Gregoris Mentzas 《Information processing & management》2018,54(4):609-629
Exploratory search is a type of information seeking used by searchers who are either unfamiliar with the domain of their goal, are unsure about the ways to achieve their goals or uncertain about their goals in the first place. We present a method that utilizes interactional context and personality information in order to proactively prompt users to undertake actions for improving exploratory search and its outcome. Our approach is based on inferring exploration patterns based on the logged past behavior of users in order to produce models of behavior, which in turn are used to predict the next action in the current context. The user is classified into specific groups of users that share personality traits for which we have analyzed their search behaviors. At the same time, we assume that the users who belong within the same group show similar exploration tactics to reach their goal such as the sequence of actions performed. Having the models, we show how we can predict the next interaction of the user given a specific sequence of actions of the current session. In this way, we assist users in their exploration process and act proactively by providing meaningful recommendations and prompts towards possibly undiscovered facets of the topic under investigation. 相似文献
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We report a naturalistic interactive information retrieval (IIR) study of 18 ordinary users in the age of 20–25 who carry out everyday-life information seeking (ELIS) on the Internet with respect to the three types of information needs identified by Ingwersen (1986): the verificative information need (VIN), the conscious topical information need (CIN), and the muddled topical information need (MIN). The searches took place in the private homes of the users in order to ensure as realistic searching as possible. Ingwersen (1996) associates a given search behaviour to each of the three types of information needs, which are analytically deduced, but not yet empirically tested. Thus the objective of the study is to investigate whether empirical data does, or does not, conform to the predictions derived from the three types of information needs. The main conclusion is that the analytically deduced information search behaviour characteristics by Ingwersen are positively corroborated for this group of test participants who search the Internet as part of ELIS. 相似文献
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Patricia Berger 《Information processing & management》1979,15(4):179-193
Due to the financial crisis many public libraries are experiencing, research was formulated to ascertain whether libraries could gain higher budget allocation if they employed public relations activities. Business and industry have successfully done so, openly acknowledging the importance of the public relations function and of its directing specialist. The following hypothesis was formulated: Libraries that engage in public relations activities will show a higher public support as evidence by a higher budget allocation than libraries who do not engage in public relations activities. The method of data collection was a twenty-six item questionnaire sent to Connecticut libraries servicing a population of twenty-five thousand or more. When the questionnaires were returned the answers were translated into a numerical code, giving each library a weighted composite score along with the budget allocation, which was considered in terms of percentages of the total town budget. The correlation coefficient (Pearson r) between public relations score (the weighted composite score) and budget allocation was calculated to be 0.53 with a standard deviation of 0.13; between public relations score and per capita expenditures was 0.75 with a standard deviation of 0.08 thus indicating a significant relationship. Summary of the findings: (1) The hypothesis is supported. (2) The activities that appear to closely correlate to a higher budget allocation are the managerial or administrative aspects of public relations: research, planning and evaluation. (3) The size of the population is not a critical variable influencing public relations activities. (4) The patterns of employment that seem to correlate to higher budget allocation are (a) full/part time specialist on staff, (b) possibly a joint combination of public relations/programming position; and (c) a high involvement of the Directors, Assistant Directors, and Trustees. 相似文献
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Search engine researchers typically depict search as the solitary activity of an individual searcher. In contrast, results from our critical-incident survey of 150 users on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk service suggest that social interactions play an important role throughout the search process. A second survey of also 150 users, focused instead on difficulties encountered during searches, suggests similar conclusions. These social interactions range from highly coordinated collaborations with shared goals to loosely coordinated collaborations in which only advice is sought. Our main contribution is that we have integrated models from previous work in sensemaking and information-seeking behavior to present a canonical social model of user activities before, during, and after a search episode, suggesting where in the search process both explicitly and implicitly shared information may be valuable to individual searchers. 相似文献
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An information retrieval system is modeled from the point of view of a user linearly scanning the output list for relevant records of citations. Expected search length, a measure of retrieval system performance, is shown to be affected by the stopping rule employed by the user to determine when to terminate the search. Three stopping rules are considered: the satiation rule, the disgust rule, and the combination rule. The effects of these various stopping rules on expected search length are examined and discussed in detail. 相似文献
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R S Marcus 《Journal of the American Society for Information Science》1983,34(6):381-404
An experimental computer intermediary system, CONIT, that assists users in accessing and searching heterogeneous retrieval systems has been enhanced with various search aids. Controlled experiments have been conducted to compare the effectiveness of the enhanced CONIT intermediary with that of human expert intermediary search specialists. Some 16 end users, none of whom had previously operated either CONIT or any of the four connected retrieval systems, performed searches on 20 different topics using CONIT with no assistance other than that provided by CONIT itself (except to recover from computer/software bugs). These same users also performed searches on the same topics with the help of human expert intermediaries who searched using the retrieval systems directly. Sometimes CONIT and sometimes the human expert were clearly superior in terms of such parameters as recall and search time. In general, however, users searching alone with CONIT achieved somewhat higher online recall at the expense of longer session times. We conclude that advanced experimental intermediary techniques are now capable of providing search assistance whose effectiveness at least approximates that of human intermediaries in some contexts. Also analyzed is the cost effectiveness of current intermediary systems. Finally, consideration is given to the prospects for much more advanced systems which would perform such functions as automatic data-base selection and the simulation of human experts, and thereby make information retrieval more effective for all classes of users. 相似文献
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J.L. Sears 《Information processing & management》1982,18(2):61-63
EMIS is an online multi-purpose research tool for scientists and electrical engineers who study, process or use solid-state electronic materials. It provides for: (a) Retrieval of continuously updated information on hundreds of properties (selected materials). (b) Rapid publication of research results (all electronic materials). (c) Selection of material supply sources (all electronic materials). 相似文献
14.
Sameer Hinduja 《Ethics and Information Technology》2007,9(3):187-204
Accompanying the explosive growth of information technology is the increasing frequency of antisocial and criminal behavior on the Internet. Online software piracy is one such behavior, and this study approaches the phenomenon through the theoretical framework of neutralization theory. The suitability and applicability of nine techniques of neutralization in determining the act is tested via logistic regression analyses on cross-sectional data collected from a sample of university students in the United States. Generally speaking, neutralization was found to be weakly related to experience with online software piracy; other elements which appear more salient are suggested and discussed in conclusion. 相似文献
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《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1937,223(2):215-241
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Sangwon Lee Taehyun Ha Daeho Lee Jang Hyun Kim 《Information processing & management》2018,54(6):1115-1128
Majority opinions are often observed in the process of social interaction in online communities, but few studies have addressed this issue with empirical data. To identify an appropriate theoretical lens for explaining majority opinions in online environments, this study investigates the skewness statistic, which indicates how many “Likes” are skewed to major comments on a Facebook post; 3489 posts are gathered from the New York Times Facebook page for 100 days. Results show that time is not an influential factor for skewness increase, but the number of comments has a logarithmic relation to skewness increase. Regression models and Chow tests show that this relationship differs depending on topic contents, but majority opinions are significant in overall. These results suggest that the bandwagon effect due to social affordance can be a suitable mechanism for explaining majority opinion formation in an online environment and that majority opinions in online communities can be misperceived due to overestimation. 相似文献
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Xiao-Ling Jin Zhongyun Zhou Matthew K.O. Lee Christy M.K. Cheung 《International Journal of Information Management》2013
This study theorized and validated a model of knowledge sharing continuance in a special type of online community, the online question answering (Q&A) community, in which knowledge exchange is reflected mainly by asking and answering specific questions. We created a model that integrated knowledge sharing factors and knowledge self-efficacy into the expectation confirmation theory. The hypotheses derived from this model were empirically validated using an online survey conducted among users of a famous online Q&A community in China, “Yahoo! Answers China”. The results suggested that users’ intention to continue sharing knowledge (i.e., answering questions) was directly influenced by users’ ex-post feelings as consisting of two dimensions: satisfaction, and knowledge self-efficacy. Based on the obtained results, we also found that knowledge self-efficacy and confirmation mediated the relationship between benefits and satisfaction. 相似文献
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中关村科技型创业者行为与特点分析 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
创业者是创业企业的核心 ,他们在新创企业的生存与成长中起着非常重要的作用。对中关村创业者的一项问卷调查显示 ,他们与中国企业的一般经营者相比具有一些独特之处。这些高技术企业的创业者年龄低、知识层次高、具有更强的现代自然科学和工程技术知识背景 ,因此 ,称之为科技型创业者 ;他们对“奉献精神”和“创新意识”一致认同 ;在对待投资风险和投资收益的态度上表现出兼顾风险和收益的倾向 ;因为受到各种因素的制约 ,目前成功获得创业投资支持的创业者只占很小一部分 ,但他们中的绝大多数对于引入创业投资参与企业管理表现出了极大热情。 相似文献