加强绘本阅读教学打开幼儿心灵世界的研究

绘本是早期阅读的重要形式,在绘本阅读教学中,教师应注重培养幼儿自主阅读习惯,促进幼儿思维发展。文章立足幼儿实际,从幼儿绘本阅读兴趣的培养,幼儿思维、语言能力的发展以及思想品质的提升等方面进行研究,意在使幼儿因绘本阅读而更智慧,因绘本阅读而更懂得生活之美。     

浅谈家长如何正确看待和指导幼儿图画书阅读

图画书是幼儿早期阅读的重要载体,家庭中的亲子图画书阅读不但能增加亲子间的关系,而且对于幼儿的认知发展、良好的阅读习惯和兴趣的养成有积极的意义。目前家长在亲子图画书阅读过程中存在诸多误区,文章从三个方面阐述了如何正确看待图画书,并对家长参与指导亲子图画书阅读提出建议。     

立足绘本阅读 提升儿童语言表达能力

绘本是儿童的重要阅读材料,有助于儿童阅读习惯的培养,有利于儿童语言表达能力的提高。学校及教师应该重视绘本阅读,立足于培养学生语言表达能力的目标,根据学生的年龄特点和认知规律选择合适的主题绘本,还要根据绘本特点对学生进行针对性的指导,并通过展示和评价活动保证绘本阅读的效果。     

“六个一”策略推进小学整本书阅读的有效性研究

整本书阅读被列入小学阶段的日常教学内容后,推进整本书阅读的策略就显得尤为重要。整本书阅读可以全面提升学生的语文素养。采用“六个一”策略能够有效推进整本书阅读,增加孩子阅读量,提高他们阅读品位。     

Preschool literacy experience and later reading achievement

During their children's preschool years, parents were asked about the frequencies of adult reading, parent-child reading, and children's solitary book activities in the home. Parental responses were compared for three groups of children defined according to the parents' reading skills and the children's reading achievement in Grade 2. The results indicated that the 22 preschoolers who became poorer readers had less frequent early literacy-related experiences than the 34 children who became better readers.     

全阅读教育理念与儿童早期阅读

基于全语言教育的全阅读教育理念强调为幼儿早期阅读提供多重开放的阅读情境、对象与方式、途径等.遵循这一阅读理念,有助于克服当前早期阅读教育单调、枯燥,被等同于识字教育等弊端.幼儿园应在开展绘本式阅读,让儿童在阅读绘本过程中深刻体会童年意义的基础上,多组织开展环境式阅读,促进幼儿亲社会性品质的形成;在亲子共读中感受亲情的温暖与支持,形成良好的阅读习惯与浓厚的阅读兴趣;在阅读自然之书中形成亲近自然的和谐精神.     

图画故事书与学前儿童的发展

图画故事书是学前儿童阅读的起点,是儿童人生的第一本书.图画故事书通过文字和图画共同传达故事信息,有别于其他形式的语言或视觉艺术,它独特的表达系统比较契合儿童心理特点.同时,图画故事书阅读又是一种复杂的心理过程,需要学前儿童具备大量的知识、经验和策略.因此,对学前儿童的语言、想象、思维、情感、社会化及审美能力发展都具有重要的价值.     

试论分享阅读与幼儿成长

早期阅读,是幼儿智力成长的重要手段,也是幼儿国语言教育的核心组成部分。本文通过分析分享阅读——一种有效的阅读手段,在幼儿成长中所产生的巨大作用,来论述分享阅读的教育价值。     

此中有真趣 欲辨已忘言———评《童趣诗词一百首·插图本》

《童趣诗词一百首·插图本》选题独特, 创意新颖, 评点精彩, 诗画一体, 具有很强的可读性和可欣赏性, 是一本能陶冶少年儿童审美情趣的优秀读物, 它填补了目前同类出版物的空白。同时, 它具有较高的学术性, 是儿童文学研究者研究中国古代儿童文学的重要参考资料。     

游戏与绘本教学结合提高幼儿教育实效性探讨

游戏与绘本教学相结合,可以采用角色扮演游戏、区域游戏和亲子游戏等形式,引导幼儿演绎绘本,激发幼儿学习兴趣,调动幼儿学习的积极性,帮助幼儿养成阅读绘本的良好习惯,让绘本成为幼儿积累知识、获得人生感悟、学习语言的桥梁。文章结合教学实践,对游戏与绘本教学相结合提高幼儿教育实效进行探讨。     

解读低幼绘本读物

绘本读物是低幼儿童阅读学习的主要对象，它所表现出来的内容需要同低幼儿童的接受视野相融合，它所呈现的形式是语码和图码的有机结合，它所具有的价值是在接受主体阅读过程中生成的意义显现。深入解读低幼绘本读物的内容、形式及其价值，有利于绘本读物更好地发挥其促进低幼儿童发展的作用。     

从自主阅读到创意表达:绘本剧的教学策略探讨

在绘本剧教学中,教师可以试图利用绘本剧带动幼儿进行自主阅读,并由自主阅读向创意表达延伸,最终实现幼儿综合素养的不断提高。文章以幼儿园绘本剧的实践教学为研究内容,探讨绘本剧在幼儿阅读表达过程中的重要作用,并结合教学中出现的常见问题,分析完善绘本剧教学的实践策略,为更多幼儿教师开展绘本剧教学提供改革意见。     

The Influence of Children's Literature on Gender Role Perceptions: A Reexamination

This project reexamined young children's gender attitudes regarding occupational roles. The results of this study suggested that young children's atitudes, while still generally stereotypic, were more flexible regarding occupational roles. The reading of carefully selected books and book related activities positively influenced gender attitudes.     

Group Size and Storybook Reading: Two-Year-Old Children's Verbal and Nonverbal Participation With Books

Storybook reading in child care classrooms typically occurs in one large group, a context that does not provide opportunities for each child to talk about the book. Two-year-old children, in particular, need individual support to facilitate their language participation, and they want to touch the book and be close to the teacher. The purpose of the present study was to determine if reducing group size would increase 2-year-old children's engagement and verbal participation during storybook reading, and to describe their nonverbal participation. Fifteen 2-yearold children and six teachers in two classrooms participated. A multiple baseline across settings time-series experimental design was used. Videotapes were transcribed and coded for children's engagement, comments and questions, and nonverbal participation. Observations of book use were conducted during freeplay. The average number of comments and questions per child approximately doubled when reading occurred in small groups. Children participated nonverbally by actions such as pointing, handling books, moving close to the teacher, interacting with peers, and pretending. The results indicate that reducing group size can be an effective method for increasing the verbal participation of 2-year-old children during storybook reading in child care classrooms. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of ecological context, and ways of including small group storybook reading in the daily schedule are suggested.     

Shared book experiences in kindergarten: Helping children come to literacy

Repetitive shared book experiences provided by public school kindergarten staff were used to improve literacy competence and preparation for formal first-grade reading instruction. The entire 1983–1984 kindergarten population (N = 228) of a rural, racially mixed, southeastern school district in South Carolina received eight shared reading experiences for each of three classic children's books. The shared book experience is defined as the situation in which a group of two or three children sit close enough to an adult to see the print as a book is read. Readings were provided by teachers, teacher aides, school volunteers, older students, and audiotapes. The children were individually administered the South Carolina State Department of Education's mandated Cognitive Skills Assessment Battery (Boehm & Slater, 1974) during the first 3 weeks of first grade. The control group, composed of the 1982–1983 kindergarten population (N = 269), had 73% of its children at or above the state cutoff for first-grade readiness, and the experimental group had 83% at or above the cutoff. (T = 22.2, p < .01). In addition, the school district staff reported a 10% increase in the number of children being placed in “top” reading groups. Repetitive, personal shared book experiences were found to enhance literacy awareness and competence, to improve preparation for formal first grade, and to broaden children's literacy interests.     

Relations Among the Frequency of Shared Reading and 4-Year-Old Children's Vocabulary, Morphological and Syntax Comprehension, and Narrative Skills

Books can be a rich source of learning for children and adults alike. In the present study, the contribution of shared reading and parent literacy to a variety of child outcomes was tested. Child outcomes included measures of expressive vocabulary, morphological and syntax comprehension, and narrative ability (story grammar, cohesion, and language complexity) for book stories as well as personal stories. A total of 106 English-speaking 4-year-old children and their parents participated. As predicted, shared reading accounted for unique variance in children's expressive vocabulary and morphological knowledge after controlling for child nonverbal intelligence, parent education, and parent literacy (i.e., book exposure). Although shared reading predicted syntax comprehension, the effect was mediated by parents' own level of literacy. Contrary to expectation, shared reading was not correlated with any of the narrative measures. Interestingly, the narrative measures for telling stories from a book and telling a personal story were not related to each other and were differentially related to the other child measures, suggesting that book and personal stories may represent different genres requiring different skills.     

Parent Scaffolding in Children's Oral Reading

Parent coaching strategies during shared book reading were analysed according to the principles of scaffolding in a sample of 46 parent-child dyads during the latter half of grade one. The ways that parents responded to each of a child's oral reading errors or miscues were coded into levels of assistance that reflected increasing support at each successive level. In addition children's attempts at rereading miscued words were coded as successful or not. Parents often provided a string of feedback clues and analyses revealed that the level of support parents provided shifted up or increased when their child was unsuccessful in rereading a word after feedback. With increasing level of parental support children's success in rereading misread words increased. Moreover, children with weaker word recognition skill were offered feedback at higher levels of support by their parents. These results demonstrate how parents and children co-construct the feedback that parents provide when listening to their children read and the sensitivity on the part of parents to children's reading performance.     

Putting the "Noun Bias" in Context: A Comparison of English and Mandarin

Recently, researchers have been debating whether children exhibit a universal "noun bias" when learning a first language. The present study compares the proportions of nouns and verbs in the early vocabularies of 24 English- and 24 Mandarin-speaking toddlers ( M age = 20 months) and their mothers. Three different methods were used to measure the proportion of noun types, relative to verb types: controlled observations in three contexts (book reading, mechanical toy play, regular toy play), identical across languages; a vocabulary checklist (MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory); and mothers' reporting of their children's "first words." Across all measures, Mandarin-speaking children were found to have relatively fewer nouns and more verbs than English-speaking children. However, context itself played an important role in the proportions of nouns found in children's vocabularies, such that, regardless of the language spoken, children's vocabularies appeared dominated by nouns when they were engaged in book reading, but not when they were playing with toys. Mothers' speech to children showed the same language differences (relatively more verbs in Mandarin), although both Mandarin- and English-speaking mothers produced relatively more verbs than their children. In sum, whether or not language-learning toddlers demonstrate a "noun bias" depends on a variety of factors, including the methods by which their vocabularies are sampled and the contexts in which observations occur.     

Increasing young children's contact with print during shared reading: longitudinal effects on literacy achievement

Longitudinal results for a randomized-controlled trial (RCT) assessing the impact of increasing preschoolers' attention to print during reading are reported. Four-year-old children (N = 550) in 85 classrooms experienced a 30-week shared reading program implemented by their teachers. Children in experimental classrooms experienced shared-book readings 2 or 4 times per week during which their teachers verbally and nonverbally referenced print. Children in comparison classrooms experienced their teachers' typical book reading style. Longitudinal results (n = 356, 366) showed that use of print references had significant impacts on children's early literacy skills (reading, spelling, comprehension) for 2 years following the RCT's conclusion. Results indicate a causal relation between early print knowledge and later literacy skills and have important implications concerning the primary prevention of reading difficulties.     

儿童文学图画书的"格式塔"式阅读

格式塔心理学主张任何形状或形式绝不是各个部分的简单相加,而是经过主体知觉活动重新加以建构使之完形的结果.格式塔心理学这种标举整体,弘扬接受主体性的意蕴,对儿童文学图画书的阅读有较大的启示.图画书的阅读既可以是一种整体性阅读,又可以是一种闭合性阅读,同时还可以是一种同构性阅读.这样的阅读诠释了图画书带给我们乐趣的真谛.