技术创新对资本配置效率影响的实证测度——基于大型高新技术企业的分析

本文基于技术创新对资本配置效率有重要影响的思路,借助Jeffrey Wurgler的资本配置效率模型,测度了我国大型高新技术企业经营的各个行业的资本配置效率水平。同时通过引入技术创新能力指标和对Jeffrey Wurgler的资本配置效率模型进行有效的改进,并利用2001—2008年的相关数据,检验了技术创新对资本配置效率影响的存在,实证结果表明技术创新对我国大型高新技术企业经营的各个行业的资本配置效率有显著的影响,其影响值约为0.135;结果同时显示,相对于企业利润指标,技术创新指标对资本配置效率的影响在技术创新能力高的一组中的作用更加明显。     

风险资本专业化对被投资企业技术创新的影响

风险资本对于企业技术创新的作用是重要的学术和实践问题。论文以创业板上市公司为样本,研究风险资本专业化投资对被投资企业技术创新的影响。研究发现,风险资本能够显著促进企业技术创新,并且风险资本行业专业化程度越高,企业技术创新水平越高。进一步检验发现,风险资本的行业专业化对高科技企业技术创新的影响更大;阶段和地域聚焦投资强化了行业专业化对企业技术创新的影响;同时,行业专业化提高了风险资本进行早期阶段和近距离投资的倾向,不同专业化之间存在部分相互强化关系。论文从专业化角度,揭示了风险资本促进企业技术创新的能力机制。     

制造业服务化、知识资本与技术创新

基于技术创新理论与知识资本理论,首先从理论上深入探讨了制造业服务化对技术创新的直接影响机制,以及基于知识资本的中介作用机制,其中将知识资本界定为研发资本、人力资本和创新设施资本三个维度,之后利用2000—2014年中国制造业行业面板数据进行了实证检验。研究结果表明：从直接影响机制看,制造业服务化对技术创新具有显著的正向影响,但该影响效应存在着行业异质性;从制造业行业异质性视角看,制造业服务化对劳动密集型制造业技术创新的影响并不显著,对资本密集型和技术密集型制造业技术创新的影响却是显著的,但影响效应不存在着差异性;从服务要素投入行业异质性视角看,低端服务要素投入对技术创新的服务化效应具有显著的负向影响,而高端服务要素投入则具有显著的正向影响。从中介作用机制看,研发资本、人力资本和创新设施资本是制造业服务化影响技术创新的中介作用渠道,其中创新设施资本的中介作用效应最大,研发资本的中介作用效应最小。     

技术创新资源配置能力的评价

从技术创新资源配置潜力、配置强度、配置效益和配置环境四个维度人手,建立技术中心技术创新资源配置能力评价模型,用此模型对省级企业技术中心(分行业)技术创新资源配置能力进行评价、排序,探讨其在不同行业上的优劣,为提升创新资源配置能力提供决策依据.     

自主创新能力缺失下产业资本配置低效及影响因素分析——以制造业为例的实证研究

本文用Jeffrey Wurgler思想和面板数据模型计量了我国制造业28个产业销售收入、增加值和利润的资本配置效率,并对影响上述资本配置效率的产业结构因素进行分析得到:我国产业资本配置对规模扩张(销售收入和增加值)行业增长潜力的反应比对自主创新、技术进步决定的行业增长潜力(利润)的反应更敏感,利润计算的资本配置效率过低.其根本原因是国内要素市场发育迟缓,自主创新能力缺失.引进外资虽然能够改善增加值、销售收入计算的资本配置效率,但不能够从根本上改变利润计算的资本配置效率,说明"市场换技术"的有限性.因此:第一,应健全内部要素市场,矫正扭曲的生产要素价格,强化企业自主创新的内在激励;第二,政府应该通过产权制度改革和交易方式改进来培育更具效率的微观市场主体,提高企业的自主创新能力.     

资本配置效率会影响企业创新投资吗？--独立董事投资意见的调节效应

资本配置效率反映了企业从资源配置的优化出发对不同类型资产的偏好，表现出企业的投资风格。本文基于2004—2017年A股上市公司的样本进行实证研究，从资源优化理论出发探讨了资本配置过度和资本配置不足对创新投资的影响, 并对比了企业创新投资与固定资产投资的变化趋势。研究发现：资本配置过度对创新投资的影响并不明显，但资本配置不足会显著抑制创新投资；当资本配置不足时，企业偏好缩减固定资产规模以保障研发投资；当独立董事积极发表投资意见时，因资本配置不足使得创新投资受抑制的情况得到缓解，显示独立董事基于公司整体发展出发更加强调创新投资的稳定性。本文为提升创新决策中资本配置有效性、促进治理机制在创新活动中发挥作用提供了启示。     

中国制造业以技术创新为中心的知识资本测度研究

结合知识经济时代中国制造业自身特点及制造业的国际发展趋势,从行业角度出发,在综合考虑知识资本影响的情况下,把知识资本绩效分为人力资本绩效、财务资本绩效、市场结构资本绩效、技术创新资本绩效等4个因子,重点考察技术创新资本,运用VAIC与DEA模型对中国制造业29个行业2002-2006年统计数据进行分析.研究结果表明:中国制造业知识资本效率与技术创新效率之间存在明显的不协调性,而且其技术创新资本投入产出严重不均衡,尤其表现在中国高科技制造业中.根据结论给出了相应的对策建议.     

企业社会资本对技术创新能力影响的实证研究/FONT

    摘要：以我国制造企业为调查对象,对企业社会资本是否影响技术创新能力以及通过何种途径产生影响进行了实证研究。结果表明,结构维社会资本对自主创新能力有着显著的直接影响,并通过企业间合作、产学研合作对自主创新能力产生不同程度的间接影响;认知维社会资本对自主创新能力、合作创新能力有着显著的直接影响;认知维社会资本通过企业间合作对自主创新能力、合作创新能力产生不同程度的间接影响;企业间合作对自主创新能力、合作创新能力均有正向影响,产学研合作对自主创新能力有正向影响。企业间合作在企业社会资本与技术创新能力关系中起到了重要的作用。研究结论对我国企业创新能力的提升有指导意义。       

中国高端装备制造业技术创新能力评价研究

基于2011—2018年中国高端装备制造业数据,结合“VHSD-EM”综合动态评价模型对七个高端装备制造业子行业进行技术创新能力的测度分析。结果表明：①时间演变维度上,各子行业技术创新能力变化幅度存在差异,但分化程度呈现一定程度的缩小趋势。②行业分布维度上,各子行业技术创新能力分化明显,且在分布上具有集聚效应。③影响因素分析中,运用混合回归模型,实证检验了技术进步和产业特征对技术创新能力的正向影响。本文基于以上分析结果对我国高端装备制造业技术创新能力的提升提供了相关政策建议。     

社会资本、知识共享与企业技术创新能力的关系

企业技术创新能力是企业创新过程的有力支撑,技术创新能力的提升有助于企业构建区别于竞争对手的核心竞争力,进而战胜竞争对手。在已有的研究基础上,将社会资本、知识共享引入企业技术创新的领域,探索社会资本、知识共享对企业技术创新能力的影响作用。研究结果表明:社会资本的三个维度对知识共享的效果具有正向的直接影响;社会资本的三个维度对企业技术创新能力具有正向的直接影响;知识共享对企业技术创新能力具有正向的调节作用。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.