Environmental chemistry: the earth-air-water factory

The earth—with its attendant atmosphere and hydrosphere, its vegetation and animal population—forms an immensely complicated dynamic system which defies detailed analysis. Nevertheless, models based on broad generalisations can be very informative. This article¹ reviews the lessons that can be learnt by regarding the whole earth-air-water system as a gigantic chemical factory.     

绿色革命揭开新篇章——生物技术应用于农业的成果和效益

生物技术——基因工程、细胞工程、酶工程和发酵工程,正广泛应用于农业领域:动植物良种培育、快速繁殖、动植物保护、固氮基因工程和土壤改善,以及农产品的深层次加工,并取得了明显的经济效益。生物技术是第二次绿色革命的先导技术,其应用于农业的特点和优势是:开发的层次深,应用的领域广,产出的效益高。     

信息产业定义与范畴的新界定

本文阐述并评价了国内外对于信息产业范畴界定的一些最新研究成果,归纳出对于信息产业范畴界定研究的特点和趋势———从广义走向狭义、从信息技术产业为主导转向信息服务业为主导、信息内容产业与信息设备制造业逐步走向相分离,并给出了本文对信息产业的新定义,在此基础上对学术界关于信息产业范畴界定存的一些分歧进行了讨论,最后形成信息产业范畴的全新界定。     

加强我国动物疫病预防控制体系建设的对策建议

2005年兽医管理体制改革以来,我国动物疫病预防控制体系得到了长足发展,为稳定动物及动物产品供应、保障动物健康和人类健康发挥了重要作用。建设一支与健康中国战略实施相适应的现代化动物疫病预防控制体系,是构建强大的国家公共卫生体系不可或缺的一部分。在深入分析我国动物疫病防控形势与动物疫病防控工作中存在的主要问题的基础上,文章阐述了构建现代化动物疫病防控体系的基本思路,提出要统筹现有资源力量,强化动物疫病预防控制体系疫病监测、应急管理、检疫监管、技术指导、信息技术运用、科技支撑等核心任务建设,建设机构完善、人员到位、基础设施完备、能力匹配的动物疫病防控支持保障体系,为保障畜牧业健康发展,维护公共卫生安全和生物安全提供有力支撑。     

The chemistry of the stratosphere and its pollution

In recent years, there has been growing concern about the possible consequences—for health and climate—of the depletion of the ozone in the atmosphere by the cumulative effects of aerosol propellents and the exhaust fumes of supersonic aircraft. This review shows that while the basic chemical reactions involved are relatively simple, the assessment of their consequences demands fuller knowledge of atmospheric processes and of the biological effects of prolonged exposure to intensified ultraviolet radiation.     

关于高职高专“化工工艺学”课程的教学改革研究

在煤化工生产过程朝着大规模、高效率、连续生产、综合利用方向迅速发展的形势下,＂化工工艺学＂作为煤化工专业的职业技术基础课,教学内容、教学方法、教学手段及实践环节等方面均存在着一些问题,为提高教学效果和质量,本文提出了对上述各项进行教学改革的方法和措施。     

Neurosecretory hormones in insects

Although the existence of hormones in insects has been known for many years, it is only comparatively recently — with the benefit of sensitive new techniques of assay, isolation, and sequencing — that an overall picture of their nature has begun to emerge. From this it is clear that, like vertebrate hormones —with which they have some structural affinity — they fall into related families. Apart from their great intrinsic scientific interest, these studies suggest new lines of approach to the development of more potent or discriminating drugs and insecticides.     

纵向视角下中国技术转移系统演变的协同度研究——基于复合系统协同度模型的测度

 从纵向视角出发,结合系统论,对技术转移系统进行概念界定及结构解析。在此基础上,选择合适的序变量,基于2000-2009年相关数据,运用复合系统协同度模型对我国技术转移系统演变的协同度进行实证分析。结果证明,我国技术转移系统的协调发展程度不高,且呈现波动演变态势,其中,技术传播子系统是影响我国技术转移系统演变过程中协同度发展方向和程度的关键因素。最后,针对我国技术转移系统协调度的现状,为宏观调控者提供了政策性建议。     

Stabilizing two-dimensional stochastic systems through sliding mode control

This paper presents a stabilizing control for two-dimensional stochastic differential equations. The stability concept in this study is the stability in probability. To ensure such a stability, the control is designed based on the sliding mode technique, and applied to account stochastic systems. This finding has a practical implication—the proposed control can be used to stabilize a real-time automotive electronic throttle valve. The proposed approach is verified by data collected from experiments.     

Universal Active RC Networks

This paper presents two active RC networks—one containing finite-gain amplifiers and the other being the differential amplifier version—each of which can be used to realize the ratio of arbitrary polynomials in s as any of the following five two-port parameters: Voltage transfer function, driving-point admittance, transfer admittance, transfer impedance, current transfer function.     

Turgorins—new chemical messengers for plant behaviour

It is a matter of common experience that certain plants react by movement—often surprisingly rapid—to physical stimuli. These movements are the result of turgor changes in the cells concerned and these are triggered by chemical messengers known as turgorins. This article reviews recent developments in this field and shows that these highly active plant hormones have relatively simple structures.     

赣中红壤丘陵区草食畜牧业发展潜力及其经济效益评价

近年来赣中红壤丘陵区的畜牧业虽有一定发展 ,但在畜禽资源配置与利用方面存在的种种问题 ,使得区内畜牧业 ,尤其是草食畜牧业处于缓慢发展甚至停滞不前的状态。该文在分析千烟洲试区的试验数据与农户调查资料的基础上 ,指出以猪为主的单一产业结构 ,肉牛、山羊、鹅等草食畜产品比重低及饲养管理粗放是制约该区畜牧业发展的主要问题。同时从土地生产率、市场与政策限制以及启动资金等方面探讨了传统草食畜牧业发展缓慢的原因。分析和评价表明 ,南方草食畜牧业的市场潜力巨大 ,且种草养畜的经济效益明显高出传统畜牧业。因此 ,该区今后畜牧业发展方向应利用天然草地、果园空地和冬闲田建立人工草地 ,种草养畜 ,逐步形成以肉牛为主 ,山羊和鹅为辅的草食畜种占一定比例的合理畜牧业结构     

工业企业技术创新活动比较

本文比较了我国宜昌、南阳两个城市和北欧芬兰、丹麦、挪威和瑞典四国工业企业在企业发展战略、技术创新源、影响创新的成功因素和障碍、创新费用、创新能力以及创新产出等方面的调查数据,研究了企业规模对这些创新行为和特征的影响,以此初步地鉴别了我国工业企业技术创新活动的某些基本特征。进一步揭示企业技术创新行为的内在规律还有待深入的分析和研究。     

浅谈高职商务英语专业BEC初级考证教学策略

根据五年制高职商务英语专业培养学生在国际商务环境下的英语交际能力和商务沟通能力的目标,研究剑桥商务英语证书考试（BEC）的考试要求及其对高职商务英语专业的重要性,探讨BEC初级教学中存在的专业知识与跨文化背景知识缺失这两方面的问题,提出高职商务英语BEC考证的听说读写各方面的相关教学策略。     

Stability of switching linear systems with switching signals driven by stochastic processes

This paper presents conditions to assure the exponential stability in probability for autonomous switching linear systems. The switching signal acting on the autonomous system produces intervals that follow independent, identically distributed stochastic processes—the stability then follows by verifying simple-to-check linear matrix inequalities.     

浅谈大中专院校非英语专业学生产生阅读误区的原因及改善方法

本文着重探讨非英语专业的学生在英语阅读中产生的误区及这些问题产生的原因,根据在教学过程中积累的教学经验,通过具体的分析例证,分析产生阅读误区的原因及改善方法,从而使教师在阅读授课中能培养学生的综合阅读能力。     

NDDSA: A network- and domain-based method for predicting drug-side effect associations

Finding side effects of drugs, before reaching the animal and clinical test, can decrease the cost and time of developing new drugs. Also, a lot of side effects are reported after going to market and using it by patients (post-marketing). There are some systems to report these events but most of the time, side effects stay hidden. Thus, a lot of computational methods have been developed to predict the side effects of drugs before reaching the clinical test or going to market. These methods are based on different features of drugs like chemical or biological features. Most of these methods can just complete the side effect list of approved drugs or require a great deal of biological information about the drugs. So, it is impossible to find the side effects of a new drug candidate very early. In this paper, we propose a network and domain-based algorithm (NDDSA) that can predict the side effects of new drug candidates by assigning a score to each side effect. Unlike other methods, it needs just the chemical formula of the new drug. We show that NDDSA performs better than the best present method in case of predicting ADRs for a new drug and has acceptable results in case of predicting potential side effects for approved drugs, while it is much faster than the other methods.     

完善《化工总控工职业标准》,适应企业需求,促进学生就业

化工总控操作人员是化工行业的主力军,针对高职化工专业毕业生的就业岗位,文章提出在化工总控操作标准中应完善部分内容,为学生就业做铺垫。     

犬细小病毒流行毒株的分离与鉴定

从西安某警犬基地罹患病毒性肠炎疫病病犬的粪便标本中分离出一株病毒 (暂命名为CPV XN93 1株 ) ,对其系统地进行了细胞培养、形态观察、核酸型测定、理化特性分析、复归动物实验和血清抗体检测。结果表明 :所分离的毒株与美国犬细小病毒标准毒株的特性相符 ,从而证明在我国西北地区首次分离的犬细小病毒与国外毒株的生物学和免疫学特性相一致。     

Nitrogen ceramics

The potential of silicon nitride as an exceptional engineering material in high temperature situations has been recognised for some thirty years. Applications have been slow, however, for a variety of reasons — including high cost, problems of fabrication and shaping, and the difficulty of obtaining reproducible results. Nevertheless, substantial progress has been made and this article reviews current achievements and future prospects.