中学田径教学体能训练方法优化提升创新研究

本文将围绕思想认识不足、技战术训练方法与手段落后、专项体能训练枯燥等方面论述了中学田径教学体能训练存在的主要问题,并指出了中学田径教学体能训练的思路和途径,要加强中学学生体能的专项训练和一般训练,在合理的体能训练计划和体能训练方法下增强体能训练的趣味性,为提高中学田径教学体能训练效果创造条件。     

基于功能诉求的体能训练：功能厘清与诉求整合

通过文献资料法、专家访谈法与逻辑分析法等研究方法,针对体能训练的功能源流与诉求整合进行整理、分析与归纳。研究表明：基于功能诉求的体能训练是功能性体能训练理想表达的一种训练理念;体能训练的功能是客观存在的,而不同训练者对体能训练的诉求是主观的、特定的;基于功能诉求的体能训练在概念上强调了使用者的不同诉求与体能训练皆具功能性的客观体现,是体能训练理论与实践相结合的应有之义。在基于功能诉求的体能训练过程中,体能训练功能与训练者诉求有机结合,平衡、进阶、叠加、专门功能对训练安排、训练内容、训练负荷与方法手段的切实诉求做出应答,以体现基于功能诉求的体能训练理念贯穿运动训练全过程的需要。     

高职院校篮球运动体能训练的现状和优化建议

体能训练有助于篮球运动员身体素质的提高,使篮球技战术得到有效发挥,是篮球运动员训练中必不可少的重要内容。为此,强化体能训练对于篮球运动员运动水平的提高具有重要的意义和价值。基于此,文章分析高职院校篮球运动体能训练的重要性、高职院校篮球运动体能训练的现状,在阐述高职院校篮球运动体能训练应遵循的原则基础上,分别从增强体能训练的重视程度、对体能训练计划进行科学合理制定、对体能训练方法和手段加以调整、构建完善的体能训练评价体系等方面提出对高职院校篮球运动项目体能训练优化的建议。     

短跑运动员体能训练内容与方法学体系的研究

在总结近年来国内外运动员体能的研究成果和现状的基础上,对短跑运动员体能训练内容与方法学体系进行了研究。研究结果表明,短跑运动员体能训练的内容由基础体能训练、专项体能训练和综合体能训练3大部分组成,短跑运动员体能训练的方法学体系包括基础理论与素质方法群、负荷结构训练方法群、环境效应训练方法群、恢复能力训练方法群和综合体能训练方法群5大部分。     

乒乓球运动员的专项体能训练

1.体能训练综述(1)体能训练的发展现状:目前在乒乓球训练中,普遍存在着对体能训练特别是专项体能训练不够重视的现象。很多教练员认为运动员的身体素质与提高技术无关,练技术比练素质重要。在安排体能训练时运动强度小,训练方法单调,造成运动员身体素质差,体能恢复慢,不能承受大运动量的训练和比赛,直接影响了比赛的成绩。(2)体能训练的分类:体能训练分为一般体能训练和专项体能训练。乒乓球的专项身体素质包括速度素质、灵敏素质、力量素质、耐力素质等。2.专项速度素质训练(1)专项速度素质:在乒乓球比赛中,要求判断快、反应快、起动快、挥…     

初中体育教学中加强学生体能训练的探索分析

加强学生体能训练是体育教学的一项重要内容和目标,体能训练需要从体能训练的观念、体能训练的计划、体能训练的心理三大方面来落实。在观念方面要树立科学合理的体育健康观,在计划方面要制定循序渐进的体育运动表,在心理方面要培养积极健康的体育好心态。只有这样才能从耐力、力量、速度等方面把体能训练落到实处,才能真正提高学生的体能,才能促进学生体魄强健。     

体能训练在田径教学中的运用

体能训练是体育教学的重要组成部分,是教学改革的重要内容之一。在课堂教学中,有针对的开展体能训练,对于提高运动员的身体素质,增强速度、力量、耐力等方面起着重要作用^[1]。随着新课改的不断深入,课堂教学对体能训练的重视程度也不断提高,但在体能训练方式、体能训练计划等方面仍存在着很大问题,本文主要通过探讨体能训练的重要性,指出体能训练存在的问题,为运动员的健康发展提供有益借鉴^[2]。     

体能训练方法与手段

在美国,体能训练已经非常成熟和普及,其体能训练理念领跑世界,体能训练器材也是五花八门、层出不穷。在中国,广大教练员和运动员越来越认可体能训练的同时,也面临着对众多器材的选择和使用的困惑。在此介绍一些简单、实用的体能训练手段和方法,以期起到抛砖引玉的作用。一、体能训练的方法力量是体能训练的核心,一提起力量训练大家自然就会想到杠铃和器械,其实力量训练有很多训练手段,虽然练习手段不     

现代竞技体育体能训练的几点思考

体能训练是运动员训练的一个基础环节,是将多种训练方法进行有效整合,综合性地应用于体能训练中,并通过加强实践操作,提高对体能训练的控制,最终实现运动员体能水平的提高.运用文献资料法,结合现代竞技体能训练发展和体能训练实际情况,从体能训练本质内涵、支撑学科、重要原则以及科学研究的角度,总结和归纳现代体能训练发展特点和趋势,深入分析研究相关重点问题,旨在帮助广大教练员提高体能训练意识,了解和掌握现代体能训练的发展,提高体能训练的合理性、科学性     

国内外新兵军事体能训练新研究进展

为了适应新的战争形态,在现代高技术战争中立于不败之地,就必须提高军事体能训练的科学性,以应对随时可能出现的危机。该文通过查阅国内外相关文献,针对性地比较中美新兵军事体能训练,分析我国军事体能训练现存问题,总结外军体能训练进展,并针对我国军事体能训练现状,提出建议,以期为我国军事体能训练引进新的体能训练理念和方法,制订更安全、更有效、更先进的新兵体能训练计划,提供一定参考。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Capoeira for beginners: self-benefit for,and community action by,new Capoeiristas

Capoeira could be defined as a Brazilian martial art and game to be played. This research explored how capoeira play might be considered to facilitate connectedness amongst newly-recruited persons, plus any other ramifications of capoeira involvement. A beginners’ course of capoeira was provided to participants, free of charge, in an English city in the West Midlands—new capoeiristas in a new venue for capoeira. Researchers attended classes to collect/construct overt non-participant observation data. In addition, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with the new capoeiristas post-course. This article explores researchers’ observation fieldnotes and interviewees’ narratives. These qualitative data-driven debates include the concepts: self, identity, escapism, multiparty endeavour, community, temporality, enjoyment, and transcending boundaries. Capoeira is theorised in a fresh manner that highlights social benefits of capoeira—for example as an enjoyable and supportive group endeavour which includes elements of social play and community-building—plus benefits for self that can transcend the boundaries of the class. Findings highlight how capoeira can be considered an inherently multiparty endeavour whereby social actors form, and experience, a community in order to embrace capoeira play. Data suggest capoeira can facilitate group playfulness, joviality, and laughter. Further, capoeiristas can enact and experience—some mode of—escapism via capoeira, whereby new place and pursuit can facilitate hedonistic diversion from the mundane. Capoeira appears to provide adventure and liberation into a relatively unburdened part of, or place in, social life. Corporeal and discursive boundary-empowerment can also be experienced by capoeiristas, fostering positive identity work in the wider world. Capoeira can be argued to facilitate mutuality (e.g. community experience and group work) and egoism (e.g. an individual's identity work) concurrently. This research suggests that modified capoeira for beginners can be beneficial for both the new capoeiristas themselves and for positive community action during and beyond class.     

江苏省高校体育教学现状及对策研究

对江苏省8所高校在校大学生的问卷调查和有关专家、体育教师的访谈发现,江苏省高校体育教学通过多年的改革创新有所提高,但仍然存在一些需要不断改进的方面。大胆改革不受欢迎的课程,普及广受学生喜爱的课程,进一步改进和完善教学形式,改进考核评价方法,是推动高校体育教学、提高大学生体质、培养学生终身体育观的重要途径。     

Forthcoming events

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ‐ patterns and techniques D.E. Voss, M.K. Ionta and B.J. Myers. Harper and Row, Philadelphia, 1985 xxvi + 370 pp, £29.95, ISBN 0 06 142595 8

Science of Stretching M.J. Alter, Human Kinetics, Champaign, Illinois, 1988 xii + 243 pp, $26.00, ISBN 0 87322 090 0     

老年体育产业——增强内需的新思路

进入21世纪以来,我国经济进入经济转型期,内需拉动型经济成为我国经济发展的新方向。人口数量的激增,老龄化程度的加重成为了我国经济发展的又一障碍。重视老年人蕴藏的巨大社会价值,发展老年体育产业将成为我国增强内需的一条新思路。     

Effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the lactate minimum speed

The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity.     

体育赛事电视转播权的研究

为开发我国“体育赛事电视转播权”无形资产,运用文献研究的方法,对中外体育赛事“电视转播”及“电视转播权的营销”进行了分析,结果表明:国际上,电视转播体育赛事和营销转播权经历了萌芽、争议犹豫、初步探索和繁荣发展4个历史阶段;当今世界营销转播权有多种模式;国际上各体育组织营销转播权多得到一定法规条例的保护;我国体育组织对赛事电视转播权的营销刚萌芽,需要加快立法,加速体制改革,创造条件,繁荣体育赛事电视转播营销市场。     

Developing football expertise: a football-specific research review

About 265 million people regularly play football, of which only 0.04% play in a professional league. This suggests that reaching expertise specifically in football is difficult and highly competitive. In recent decades, research on the development of football expertise has increased substantially. However, most of these studies have focused on isolated aspects of the developmental process, and consequently there has been a lack of overview of how these different aspects interact to produce football experts. The aim of this study is to review available research on the development of expertise specific for football. The review is limited to papers found in the electronic SportDiscus database. The 2007 Developmental Model of Sport Participation (DMSP) has been used as the conceptual framework. The results highlight the importance of football-specific practice in early developmental phases in becoming an expert in football. It is also proposed that football-specific nuances may need to be applied to the DMSP in order to make the debate of early specialization versus diversification sufficiently valid for this particular context. Consequences for practice engagement and future research are discussed.