Modeling the unknown: how to make a perfect whale

Making a life-sized model of a blue whale is difficult. Making one to the exacting standards of 'scientific accuracy' is backbreaking. When, in the early 1960s, the American Museum of Natural History in New York undertook to fabricate a replica of the largest animal that ever lived, little was known about how blue whales really looked and behaved in the wild. Exhibitors like Richard Van Gelder guided themselves by old photographs, illustrations, tables of measurements and the experience of other institutions--as well as their own educated guesswork, and ideas of beauty, value and pride.     

从历史转向到科学实践理论

从HPS到CSSK的转变,在分析和解释科学知识的认知规范性方面出现了困境,皮克林和劳斯的理论有助于说明其中的一些困境。为达到此目标,文中首先分析了从HPS到CSSK的转变;接着考察了CSSK中关于科学实践的两种代表性的观点;然后提出一些科学知识的认识规范性的认知困境。     

家庭创业资本能促进农村女性创业吗？——宗族网络和数字普惠金融的调节作用

农村女性创业因其性别身份和特殊创业处境，是创业研究领域的重要现象。相较于其他群体，农村女性的创业行动受到更多家庭因素的影响，但对家庭创业资本与农村女性创业之间的关联，目前还缺乏深入的实证研究。通过“中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）”数据，实证分析了家庭创业资本对于农村女性群体创业进入的影响，验证了农村女性创业行为的社会地位提升效果。研究发现，农村女性的家庭创业资本对其创业进入具有显著的正向影响；与农村非创业女性相比，农村女性创业能够提升其社会地位；宗族网络强度和普惠金融水平分别负向和正向调节家庭创业资本对于农村女性创业的影响。研究结论从家庭视角进一步完善了农村女性创业相关研究，从实践方面为优化农村女性创业政策提供了经验证据。     

产业位势与社会资本耦合——怎样给高创业导向企业带来成功?

在创业成功学中,产业位势与社会资本常被认为是关键因素,但两者的高水平是否对创业必有积极影响,有否交互作用呢?本文以创业导向—绩效关系经典命题为切入点,通过对上海、浙江两地高科技企业的问卷实证,分析两者如何对创业成功发挥作用。结果发现,两者不仅起到了调节作用,而且之间的耦合至关重要。它们的协同发展与配合,是高创业导向企业获得成功的关键。     

从ARPA到PARC:恩格巴特和GUI的发展史

通过道格拉斯·恩格巴特和GUI(图形用户界面)的发展史的案例研究,揭示了人机关系的形态是影响计算机发展的重要因素之一,以及技术创新与组织创新相联系。     

Volunteer associations in the Internet age: Ecological approach to understanding collective action

This study draws on theories of collective action and organizational ecology to investigate a particular type of voluntary association: mixed-mode groups. Mixed-mode groups are created and organized online to meet physically in geographically defined ways. An online survey was conducted with 171 randomly sampled groups on Meetup.com—a website that facilitates the creation and coordination of mixed-mode groups. Analysis shows that even when a mixed-mode group implements strategies focused on internal group processes, it benefits from tapping into its external networks to obtain resources for group operation. Also, the differential impacts of internal and external strategies indicate that in the case of environment-prone mixed-mode groups, implementation of internal strategies alone, with or without solicited external networking resources, is helpful for generating positive group outcomes. Together, these results establish that boundary spanning represents not only a type of strategic action to obtain resources and produce positive outcomes but also an inherent and defining mechanism of contemporary voluntary groups for engaging in collective action.     

纳米科技 全面理解内涵 促进健康发展(摘要)

纳米科技在我国骤然变热,说明纳米科技本身所蕴涵的巨大发展潜力得到了社会各界的广泛关注,尤其是企业界的热请参与,应给予充分肯定.这使纳米科技在我国的快速发展具备了比较有利的外部环境.同时,也应该看到,最近一0个时期以来,对纳米科技概念的某些误解以及伪纳米产品的出现,使得有些人开始怀疑纳米科技本身正在发生的作用.有关针对纳米科技出现的种种现象提醒从事纳米科技的科技工作者和企业界人士,应该对当前的"热"有清醒的认识,尤其需要对纳米科技的内涵和纳米科技的发展趋势做进一步的思考,防止一些概念上的谬误和炒作损害这一新兴的前沿科技在我国的健康发展.     

Learning how to implement and manage SME marketing networks: a qualitative analysis

The theme of SME marketing networks acquires high relevance because of their positive influence over internationalization and market competitiveness. Within this stream of research, how partners learn to implement and manage collaborations has received little attention. This article aims to bridge this gap, first, by analysing the mechanisms partners use throughout their learning process, and, second, by investigating whether this learning process may have an association with the network ability to explore new market opportunities, which is the ultimate objective of SMEs willing to overcome the liability of smallness. The results of this article unveils the different structures, processes and tools, which are used to create new knowledge on how to implement and manage SME marketing networks; furthermore, it suggests that an effective learning process may have a positive association with the exploration of new market opportunities through networks.     

Google trends identifying seasons of religious gathering: applied to investigate the correlation between crowding and flu outbreak

In medical research, mass gathering is considered as one of the intensifying factors for respiratory disease outbreaks. An annual crowding event happens during Muslims’ religious practices of Hajj in Saudi Arabia. Another smaller ritual happens all year round, known as Umrah. While Hajj season is recognized, Umrah seasonality is challenging to identify. This paper uses data from Google Trends to identify Umrah seasons for performers from the Eastern Province in Saudi Arabia. It then investigates the correlation between mass gathering events as it affects the flu spread in the Eastern Province through the use of data. Patient data from a hospital was obtained to find flu seasonality and compared to crowding seasons. Google Trend data was confirmed by a limited dataset of official Umrah data and Flu data was confirmed by official FluNet data from neighboring country, Bahrain. An Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) approach has been followed to identify the seasonality. Cross-correlation analysis found a strong positive correlation between crowding seasons and flu outbreaks in the Eastern Province with a forward shift of flu data for three months.     

企业联盟知识共享动因、障碍及克服

针对企业间的知识共享问题,从企业联盟的角度首先分析了企业联盟知识共享动因和影响企业联盟知识共享的主要障碍,并提出了克服障碍的相应对策,包括着重促进企业联盟隐性知识的共享、培养联盟伙伴间良好的信任度、完善企业联盟的共享服务平台、加强企业联盟自身的管理和建立企业联盟知识共享与保护的平衡机制等。