时间文化与人类的第二次文艺复兴

中国大陆近二十多年来经济发展强劲,在不久的将来有可能成为名副其实的世界经济强国。与此同时,如果海峡局势平稳,台湾的经济实力也有希望快速增长,再次令世界刮目。     

Ready to forget: American attitudes toward the right to be forgotten

This study uses an experimental design to examine whether and under what circumstances Americans support the so-called “right to be forgotten”—a legal right that allows citizens to petition to have information about them taken down from the Internet. Findings indicate people are most concerned about who will be in charge of executing such a right. Framing effects are also found for opinions regarding age of information and whether the law should apply only to minors. The results offer insights to help scholars, national policymakers, and international relations organizations to understand public attitudes in a dynamic sociotechnical policy landscape.     

评文艺复兴时期意大利绘画的形式特征

意大利文艺复兴建立在近现代自然科学与人文学科发展的基础之上,在绘画领域中,强调线条的表现力,注重色彩的运用技巧,继承古希腊罗马的现实主义艺术风格,奠定了西方现代美术的基础。     

Character contiguity in N-gram-based word matching: the case for Arabic text searching

This work assesses the performance of two N-gram matching techniques for Arabic root-driven string searching: contiguous N-grams and hybrid N-grams, combining contiguous and non-contiguous. The two techniques were tested using three experiments involving different levels of textual word stemming, a textual corpus containing about 25 thousand words (with a total size of about 160KB), and a set of 100 query textual words. The results of the hybrid approach showed significant performance improvement over the conventional contiguous approach, especially in the cases where stemming was used. The present results and the inconsistent findings of previous studies raise some questions regarding the efficiency of pure conventional N-gram matching and the ways in which it should be used in languages other than English.     

Welcome to the Twilight Zone: a forgotten early phase of human evolutionary studies

The field of paleoanthropology arose out of a strange and unacknowledged early phase of development prior to about the 1930s. It is often assumed that a key pillar of the discipline, the unity of humankind--the notion that humans are clearly separated phylogenetically (genealogically) from other non-human primates--was widely accepted from the inception of paleoanthropology around 1860. However, a final consensus on this fundamental question only appeared later on in the 20th century. This paper will focus on two key areas of disagreement, which reveal the unsettled state of this question during this early period: the question of uncertainty with respect to the number, identity and boundary of primate species (including humans) which prevailed in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries; and the matter of uncertainty with respect to the nature of the phylogenetic relationships among the various human populations and the other primate species which prevailed between 1864 and 1931. Consideration of these matters reveals that the modern research structure that paleoanthropologists take for granted today is much more recent than believed.     

文艺复兴运动对欧洲教育的影响

西方教育的发展与演变和宗教有密切的关系,人本主义在文艺复兴时期成为了教育改革家们的思想利器。本研究通过剖析文艺复兴时期的教育改革阐述了社会运动对教育思想的深远影响。     

意大利文艺复兴时期的绅士教育思想初探

源于意大利的文艺复兴影响波及整个欧洲世界,并引领了近代西方绅士教育的潮流。弗吉里奥是第一位阐明绅士教育思想的人文主义教育家,维多利诺则是践行弗吉里奥绅士教育思想的第一位新式教师,他们共同开启了近代西方教育史上绅士教育的大门。16世纪,意大利文艺复兴发生了很多变化,卡斯底格朗将文艺复兴早期培养合格公民的教育理想转为培养理想的君主和朝臣,这种复兴代表着人类教育的近代发展趋势。     

阿拉伯文化对西班牙文学的影响思考

阿拉伯入侵西班牙成功后,在伊比利亚地区开始了将近八百年的统治,这一期间阿拉伯人将本国度的文化、思想观念、风土人情、习惯及价值观念等带到这一地带,在无形中影响着西班牙人的精神世界。人口的大规模迁移将新鲜的文化主流融入到西班牙人民当中,增添了新奇、丰富内涵的东方韵味。兼具中西方文化的精华造就了西班牙文学的多元化,闪烁着夺目的光彩。本文主要论述西班牙文学的创作背景,分析谣曲对西班牙文化的影响,最后集中探讨阿拉伯文化对西班牙文学的影响。希望对广大国外文学研究者提供借鉴性的参考资料,帮助他们进一步了解阿拉伯文化与西班牙文学之间的关系。     

阿拉伯文化对西班牙文学的影响思考

阿拉伯入侵西班牙成功后,在伊比利亚地区开始了将近八百年的统治,这一期间阿拉伯人将本国度的文化、思想观念、风土人情、习惯及价值观念等带到这一地带,在无形中影响着西班牙人的精神世界。人口的大规模迁移将新鲜的文化主流融入到西班牙人民当中,增添了新奇、丰富内涵的东方韵味。兼具中西方文化的精华造就了西班牙文学的多元化,闪烁着夺目的光彩。本文主要论述西班牙文学的创作背景,分析谣曲对西班牙文化的影响,最后集中探讨阿拉伯文化对西班牙文学的影响。希望对广大国外文学研究者提供借鉴性的参考资料,帮助他们进一步了解阿拉伯文化与西班牙文学之间的关系。     

福建省能源发展科技月谈会建议 重视洁净新能源和可再生能源开发利用

6月21日,省科协举行福建能源发展科技月谈会.省委粱绮萍副书记、省政府黄小晶常务副省长出席会议并讲了话.省能源研究会的专家、省直有关单位和部门的负责人以及新闻记者参加了会议.月谈会由省科协党组书记、副主席刘群英主持.     

Rhythmic history: Towards a new research agenda for the history of health and medicine

Rhythm characterizes life on Earth. Daily physiological rhythms of eating and fasting, sleeping and waking, moving and resting, are common to almost all life forms which evolved under the solar light–dark cycle. Despite their ubiquity, historians of health and medicine have yet to grapple with the lived experiences of these daily rhythms in the past. This paper presents a potential new research agenda in ‘rhythmic history’ that understands rhythmicity as something which lies between biology and culture. Thinking with rhythms offers exciting opportunities to unite previously disparate historical studies of daily rhythms like eating and sleeping and opens up a new way to view the enmeshed connections between body and environment. In this paper, I take inspiration from the scientific concept of the ‘zeitgeber’ (‘time giver’), coined by the German chronobiologist Jürgen Aschoff, to frame a review of current literature relating to rhythms and explore Henry Lefebvre’s notion of ‘rhythmanalysis’ as a methodological tool for historians undertaking ‘rhythmic histories’.     

Multi-label Arabic text categorization: A benchmark and baseline comparison of multi-label learning algorithms

Multi-label text categorization refers to the problem of assigning each document to a subset of categories by means of multi-label learning algorithms. Unlike English and most other languages, the unavailability of Arabic benchmark datasets prevents evaluating multi-label learning algorithms for Arabic text categorization. As a result, only a few recent studies have dealt with multi-label Arabic text categorization on non-benchmark and inaccessible datasets. Therefore, this work aims to promote multi-label Arabic text categorization through (a) introducing “RTAnews”, a new benchmark dataset of multi-label Arabic news articles for text categorization and other supervised learning tasks. The benchmark is publicly available in several formats compatible with the existing multi-label learning tools, such as MEKA and Mulan. (b) Conducting an extensive comparison of most of the well-known multi-label learning algorithms for Arabic text categorization in order to have baseline results and show the effectiveness of these algorithms for Arabic text categorization on RTAnews. The evaluation involves four multi-label transformation-based algorithms: Binary Relevance, Classifier Chains, Calibrated Ranking by Pairwise Comparison and Label Powerset, with three base learners (Support Vector Machine, k-Nearest-Neighbors and Random Forest); and four adaptation-based algorithms (Multi-label kNN, Instance-Based Learning by Logistic Regression Multi-label, Binary Relevance kNN and RFBoost). The reported baseline results show that both RFBoost and Label Powerset with Support Vector Machine as base learner outperformed other compared algorithms. Results also demonstrated that adaptation-based algorithms are faster than transformation-based algorithms.     

New directions in the history of modern science in China: global science and comparative history

These essays collectively present new perspectives on the history of modem science in China since 1900. Fa-ti Fan describes how science under the Republic of China after 1911 exhibited a complex local and international character that straddled both imperialism and colonialism. Danian Hu focuses on the fate of relativity in the physics community in China after 1917. Zuoyue Wang hopes that a less nationalist political atmosphere in China will stimulate more transnational studies of modern science, which will in turn reveal the underlying commonalities in different national contexts. Sigrid Schmalzer compares the socialist and the capitalist contexts for science in China and reopens the sensitive question of the "mass line" during the Cultural Revolution. Grace Shen describes the tensions early Chinese scientists felt when choosing between foreign models for modem geology and their own professional identities in China. Taken together, these accounts present us with a comparative history of modern science in China that is both globally and locally informed.     

实现中医复兴梦的战略步骤与任务

一百年来,在民族文化自卑症、近代科学主义、近代哲学贫困的文化背景下,以西医所依据的近代物理学、化学的观念与方法对中医进行西医化改造的做法,笼罩着中医教学、科研、医疗、管理的各个领域。并从20世纪50年代计划经济时期的行政管理模式上,牢牢地固定至今。告别中医西化,是实现中医复兴梦的第一步。实现中医复兴梦的第二步,应在我国深化改革开放的大好环境下,遵照《宪法.总则》的规定和我国"中西医并重"的既定方针逐步完成。按其先后,第二步的战略任务大体有五个方面。即定向、复兴、重组、创建、革命。实现中医复兴梦是复兴中华民族优秀传统文化的突破口,也是人类医学发展的迫切需要。