基于平衡记分卡的企业安全绩效测评体系的设计与检验

安全绩效测评是安全管理的一项重要策略。而安全绩效测评体系设计是安全绩效测评的前提。平衡记分卡理论为我国企业安全绩效测评的改进提供了平台。基于企业安全实践的数据调查,借助于验证性因子分析方法,经验性的研究实现了对安全绩效测评体系的检验,同时发现了我国企业安全绩效管理中存在的优势和不足,从而为我国企业安全生产能力的增强提供了理论借鉴。     

构建科学的重庆基层政府绩效评估体系

科学的基层政府绩效评估体系对转变基层政府职能和优化政府工作流程有着重要的导向作用。构建科学的基层政府绩效评估体系应包括基层政府绩效评估指标体系、基层政府绩效评估方法体系和基层政府绩效评估运行保障体系三大方面。根据重庆的实际情况,本文尝试构建科学、完善的重庆基层政府绩效评估体系。     

Using ROI to demonstrate performance value in the public sector

The demand for accountability through measurement continues to increase. Although much progress has been made, it remains an issue that challenges even the most sophisticated and progressive performance improvement function. This article provides an overview of best practices in the return‐on‐investment process and describes how applying these measurement practices can have a positive impact on organizational performance and the credibility of performance improvement professionals in the public sector.     

IMPLICATIONS OF CRITERION-REFERENCED MEASUREMENT1,2

During the past several years measurement and instructional specialists have distinguished between norm-referenced and criterion-referenced approaches to measurement. More traditional, a norm-referenced measure is used to identify an individual's performance in relation to the performance of others on the same measure. A criterion-referenced test is used to identify an individual's status with respect to an established standard of performance. This discussion examines the implications of these two approaches to measurement, particularly criterion-referenced measurement, with respect to variability, item construction, reliability, validity, item analysis, reporting, and interpretation.     

智能型电动机软起动器控制电路板测试系统设计

在需求分析基础上设计并实现了一种利用虚拟仪器技术构建的智能型电动机软起动器控制电路板性能参数自动测试系统．系统以工业控制计算机为核心,配置高精度数据采集卡和信号调理电路等硬件,采用先进的虚拟仪器技术——LabvIEw软件开发平台自行开发数据采集、分析、处理软件,实现了对智能型电动机软起动器控制电路板的自动测试．详细分析了系统总体方案设计,阐述了系统软件模块设计．经实际应用表明,该系统具有测试精度高、抗干扰能力强、检测效率高、操作简单等优点．     

Variability of Estimated Variance Components and Related Statistics in a Performance Assessment

Generalizability theory provides a conceptual and statistical framework for estimating variance components and measurement precision. The theory has been widely used in evaluating technical qualities of performance assessments. However, estimates of variance components, measurement error variances, and generalizability coefficients are likely to vary from one sample to another. This study empirically investigates sampling variability of estimated variance components using data collected in several years for a listening and writing performance assessment. This study also evaluates stability of estimated measurement precision from year to year. The results indicated that the estimated variance components varied from one study to another, especially when sample sizes were small. The estimated measurement error variances and generalizability coefficients also changed from one year to another. Measurement precision projected by a generalizability study may not be fully realized in an actual decision study. The study points out the importance of examining variability of estimated variance components and related statistics in performance assessments.     

企业绩效评价指标体系中存在的问题及改进建议

企业绩效评价就是按照企业目标设计相应的评价指标体系,对企业一定经营期间的经营业绩做出客观、公正和准确的综合判断。通过分析我国现行企业绩效评价指标体系中存在的问题,提出了相应的改进建议。     

The three “Ds“ of successful performance measurement: Design,data, and display

Performance measurement is a critical enabler for better understanding, managing, and improving performance. The ultimate success of any performance measurement development effort is primarily a function of mastering the three “Ds“ of design, data, and display. It should always be remembered, however, that the real goal of any performance measurement system is to provide performance‐based data that can be easily converted into actionable performance‐based knowledge, thus enabling users to understand, manage, and improve what they measure.     

Illustrating the Impact of Performance Measurement Systems on Organizational Performance: The Blue‐Green Game

Business students are thoroughly schooled about the importance of measurement systems that, by their very nature, are designed to accurately measure the past performance of organizations, departments, and individuals. This article describes a team‐based, active‐learning exercise that clearly illustrates an additional important and often underemphasized aspect of performance measurement systems—their influence on individuals’ future behaviors and organizations’ future performance.     

An Investigation of the Alignment Method With Polytomous Indicators Under Conditions of Partial Measurement Invariance

The alignment method (Asparouhov & Muthén, 2014) is an alternative to multiple-group factor analysis for estimating measurement models and testing for measurement invariance across groups. Simulation studies evaluating the performance of the alignment for estimating measurement models across groups show promising results for continuous indicators. This simulation study builds on previous research by investigating the performance of the alignment method’s measurement models estimates with polytomous indicators under conditions of systematically increasing, partial measurement invariance. We also present an evaluation of the testing procedure, which has not been the focus of previous simulation studies. Results indicate that the alignment adequately recovers parameter estimates under small and moderate amounts of noninvariance, with issues only arising in extreme conditions. In addition, the statistical tests of invariance were fairly conservative, and had less power for items with more extreme skew. We include recommendations for using the alignment method based on these results.     

Improving Multiple-Choice Test Performance for Examinees with Different Levels of Test Anxiety

The effectiveness of a strategy for improving performance on multiple-choice items for examinees was assessed. An aptitude-treatment interaction model was used to test the possibility of different treatment effects for examinees with different levels of test anxiety. Undergraduate measurement students responded to the Mandler-Sarason Test Anxiety Scale and to an objective test covering course content. For low-anxious examinees, generation of an answer before selecting a multiple-choice response led to higher test performance; for highly test anxious examinees, there was a slightly negative effect on performance.     

Measurement Challenges in Evaluation and Performance Improvement

Measurement and evaluation are integral to performance improvement efforts. In this article, we examine key definitions. After defining the terms measurement and evaluation, we apply the definitions to the concepts of performance and performance improvement and discuss challenges in using measurement in evaluation and performance improvement. We conclude by proposing a research agenda for measuring performance and its improvement.     

The elusive quarry: Total quality in higher education

The paper has a conceptual nature, and will depart from the literatures on performance management in general and public management in particular and confront them with the literature on higher education studies. Higher education mirrors the developments of other sectors, such as the increasing interest in performance measurement and the continuous enlargement of the basis for performance measurement, from financial, operational, and stakeholders’ towards developmental perspectives. The paper states some developments in performance management in higher education, and argues that it might be moving towards performance governance, as observed with other public services. The originality of the paper rests on an analysis of the developments in higher education in light of developments in organisational performance in general, and in the public sector in particular. It thus presents a hypothesis for further empirical testing.     

客观等距量尺在高考评价指标体系中的应用与构想

客观等距量尺指标研究对改进和完善现行高考抽样调查问卷提供了新的思考方式。基于2007年高考抽样调查问卷和收集到的相关数据,应用Rasch测量客观等距量尺简单化假设出"高考反映考生真实学习状况"评价量尺指标.实证性展示了Rasch测量客观等距量尺分析模式和2007年12个抽样省市数据客观描述。最后探讨了基于高考客观等距量尺评价指标体系开展教育质量评价的构想。     

Two Models of Educational Assessment

Many educational developments in recent decades pose a serious challenge to the traditional scientific measurement model that has dominated assessment practices. The scientific measurement model has led to an over‐emphasis on statistical tests and the reification of single measure test scores. The educational developments that challenge the scientific measurement model include problem‐based learning, newer understandings of cognition, and the rise of performance assessment. These developments reflect widespread attempts by educators to reform assessment practices so as to encourage more effective learning. As a result, a new model of educational assessment, which we call the judgemental model, is emerging. The basic assumptions, features and appropriate uses of these two assessment models are compared and contrasted by referring them to a three‐level conceptual model of education, training and assessment for workplace performance.     

企业业绩报告的现状及其改进建议

企业业绩报告是投资者、债权人等广大会计信息使用者最为关心的信息之一。文章在深入分析收入确认、费用计量、业绩计量等方面的基础上,详细论述了现行企业业绩报告中存在的局限性,以期对业绩报告的改进提供理论依据。     

Formative Assessment – Ein erfolgversprechendes Konzept zur Reform von Unterricht und Leistungsmessung?

Traditional procedures for measuring school performance, which focus on selection and grading, are being increasingly criticized for their negative effects on pupil motivation, teaching and learning processes. The German academic discussion in the field of education science is subsequently focusing on alternative forms of performance measurement and grading, e.g. using portfolios or learning diaries. International literature shows, in contrast, a broader, more empirically oriented discussion on different forms of performance measurement with the goal of optimizing teaching and learning processes (formative assessment). This theoretical paper will investigate whether a more extensive reception of the literature on formative assessment could give new impulses to the German discussion on reforming performance measurement.     

英语网络课堂教学学习绩效影响因数实证研究——对学生英语网络学习与自我认同及虚拟环境微系统关系的探索

本章以西南地区高校学生为调查对象,通过测量学生网络学习与自我认同及虚拟环境微系统的关系,以期探索影响英语网络学习绩效的因数,据此创建科学合理的“英语网络学习绩效评价体系”,为我国的政策制定者、高等教育管理者和研究者提供一套有效的英语网络学习绩效评价工具。     

Use of Performance Information as an Organizational Routine in Management Control

Based on a review of research and the realities of performance information utilization in public organizations, this article defines the use of performance information as an organizational routine in management control. The theoretical implications require scholars to focus on organizational routines in performance measurement research. To practitioners, it suggests that they should focus more on daily performance information use and view it as continuous organizational learning and an organizational behavior modification process.     

Second law,Landauer’s principle and autonomous information machine

Second law of thermodynamics can be apparently violated in systems whose dynamics depend on information acquired by measurement. However, when one considers measurement and erasure together with the system, it saves the second law. We consider the simple example of an information machine, where information is used as a resource to increase the machine’s performance. The system is connected to two baths, a work source, and a moving tape which is used as an information reservoir. The performance of the device is autonomous. The system acts as an engine, erasure or refrigerator. Even combination of any two is possible. All these possibilities are allowed by the generalized second law.