陶渊明与玄言诗--兼论陶、谢诗风的差异

陶诗和玄言诗联系密切，这至少表现在三个方面：一、在玄言诗中已经潜藏着田园诗的题材因子，陶渊明反映田园生活的诗歌正是在此基础上发展起来的；二、玄言诗并非都是抽象说理，好的玄言诗也能表现一定的辞趣，陶诗在这方面显然也受到了它的影响；三、陶诗与玄言诗在语言上都不假雕饰，二者在风格上也是一脉相承的。如果说山水诗是玄言诗的产儿．那田园诗也同样是玄言诗的爱子。说山水与田园同出一源而两水分流，这并不是难以置信的梦呓。     

不能用“逻辑思维写的”笼括东晋玄言诗的特征──兼与周寅宾先生商榷

学术界关于东晋玄言诗“主要是用抽象思维即逻辑写的”的结论，值得 商榷。只要对东晋玄言诗的真实相状认真分析，并正确评估“理过其辞”的问题，便可 知玄言诗仍属形象的抒情的诗，并非只谈玄理，完全脱离社会生活实际的老庄哲学的 讲义或注疏。这点，玄言诗的首席代表孙绰之诗便是最典型的例证。     

"寥亮心神莹,含虚映自然"--论东晋山水诗之精神风貌

东晋是玄言诗流行的时期。玄言诗因以枯燥的说理代替形象的塑造，辞雕旨虚而日益遭到遗弃。东晋诗人将山水诗引入玄言诗中，清新细致的景物描写和玄远虚灵的意境使诗歌获得了新的生命力。随着山水描写成分的逐渐增多与玄言成分逐渐减少，山水诗最终取得了独立的艺术地位。     

魏晋玄言诗的起源及其评价

从客观社会环境和学术思潮的影响，及个体的政治遭遇和学术修养看，何晏及其生活的时代，已具备玄言诗产生的条件，而阮籍，稽康二人的创作则为玄言诗的真正形成起到了重要的作用。对于玄言诗，应站在历史的高度，从其为诗歌引入的内容及开创山水诗之先河的角度给予客观的评价。     

对东晋玄言诗的再认识

东晋玄言诗历来评价不高,对其研究也不够,一般认为只是清淡雅士的押韵语录。作者从玄言诗的产生,玄言诗的表现风格,玄言诗反映的主题,玄言诗的艺术特色等四个方面进行阐述。认为:玄言诗的流行不是中国诗歌发展的危机,而是向成熟转变的契机。     

玄言诗的类型及评价

文学史上对玄言诗的评价一直存在较大的片面性,其原因是对玄言诗缺乏"区别对待"。玄言诗有两种创作类型,即铺演玄理和立象尽意。铺演玄理的玄言诗有对玄理的"隔"与"不隔"之分,立象尽意的玄言诗有意、象"未融"与"已融"之别。通过对玄言诗类型的分别与分析,可以对玄言诗的价值和历史地位作出新的评判。     

"淡乎寡味"——玄言诗注定的风格

玄言诗何以呈现“淡乎寡味”的特征?除开东晋社会、历史的原因之外,当中一定还有其他原委。对于玄言诗的创作,创作者的角度并非文学的角度;而且玄言诗的主要讨论对象《老》《庄》,其言语、情感观也都讲求平淡;玄言诗之前的谈玄工具———理论性论文在风格上亦是淡而无味。玄言诗的谈玄功能决定了其淡乎寡味的命运。玄言诗是在平淡无味的囹圄与规范中进行创作的必然产物。     

魏晋玄言诗义界新探

对魏晋玄言诗义界问题的探讨,起步于上世纪80年代。随着本世纪初魏晋玄言诗研究的方兴未艾,这一研究领域仍有较大的空间。本文首先将学术界对魏晋玄言诗的定义作一清理与分类。为使玄言诗定义更接近历史真实、更符合创作实际、更能揭示玄言诗的起源、嬗变规律,本文提出了的新的研究思路和方法,并得出新的义界和分类。     

陶渊明与玄言诗

一东晋是玄言诗的一统天下。有研究者认为,陶渊明在玄风独扇之中顶风而立,改帜易旗,反对玄言诗。更多的研究者则漠视陶渊明与玄言诗的关系,似乎二者是井水不犯河水。实际上,陶渊明既受到玄风的浸染,又对玄言诗有所改革。陶诗面目大不同于玄     

魏晋玄言诗义界新探

对魏晋玄言诗义界问题的探讨,起步于上世纪80年代。随着本世纪初魏晋玄言诗研究的方兴未艾,这一研究领域仍有较大的空间。本文首先将学术界对魏晋玄言诗的定义作一清理与分类。为使玄言诗定义更接近历史真实、更符合创作实际、更能揭示玄言诗的起源、嬗变规律,本文提出了的新的研究思路和方法,并得出新的义界和分类。     

中英植物及其文化内涵

中英植物在表达文化内涵方面有许多差异.这些差异反映了英汉两种文化在自然环境、文化背景、宗教信仰及审美观念等方面的不同.了解这些有利于加强文化交流、消除误解,使人们相互更好地理解、沟通.     

转型国家和地区的腐败与反腐败现象研究

腐败是一国政治、经济、文化、司法情况的侧面反映。俄罗斯、韩国、台湾等转型国家和地区民主政治发展中腐败放量增加,既有腐败的一般性原因,更有转型期制度约束缺失下政治分权导致腐败切入点分散化、政府主导型市场经济下权力设租和寻租恶性循环、传统政治道德体系解体下公职人员从政心理发生裂变等特定因素的推助。我们必须看到导致腐败的因素会随着问题被暴露以及社会寻求完善的民主与法制而发生改变,民众的民主监督技能也会因民主的教育而大大提高。对于转型国家和地区民主化发展中不断上演的政治腐败和社会动乱,我们不能在一种幸灾乐祸的心态下固步自封,停止民主政治发展的探索,更不能背离民主。需要借鉴当代民主理论的研究成果和民主实践的经验与教训,顺应本国的国情和社会发展的客观需垂正确制定未国臣章政治发展酌方略有莳揭制叔力腐败     

英国归来话考试

英国的教育在世界上有口皆碑。尖端超前的研究领域、国际认可的学位学历、科学高效的职业培训等早已文明全球。英国的剑桥大学建校以来,己培养     

形似而神异的定语从句和同位语从句

定语从句和同位语从句对于英语学习者而言是比较容易混淆和不容易掌握的语法现象,笔者根据教学中学生反馈的问题和经验总结,从两个方面就这两个从句进行对比论述,旨在抓住要害,辨清异同.     

北方高校冬季体育教学存在问题及改革探索

北方高校由于处在高纬度地区,冬季开展体育教学活动存在诸多局限性,冬季体育教学主要以冰雪项目为主.北方高校冬季开展冰雪项目具有场地、师资队伍等有利条件,但也存在学生体育意识不强、课程设置单一、教学内容枯燥等问题.不断丰富冬季体育教学内容和培养学生参与冬季体育项目的兴趣是开展好冬季体育教学的关键.     

Parents and school communities in Japan and Scotland: contrasts in policy and practice in primary schools

In this paper Japanese and Scottish cultural and ideological expectations about the role of parents and communities in schools are examined. Findings from three case studies of a Japanese school, a Scottish school and a group of Japanese parents sending their children to a Scottish school show that there are clear policy differences between the two countries. These differences reflect each country's problems and the purposes of the educational reforms that have been introduced and the different strengths and weaknesses of the two systems. The policy differences in the two systems and how these are translated into practice are examined from the perspective of parents and the wider school community. It is argued that what is missing from the policy and practice context in both countries are the resources to enable teachers, parents and other members of the community to work as equal partners.     

Relationship between affect and achievement in science and mathematics in Malaysia and Singapore

Background : The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) assesses the quality of the teaching and learning of science and mathematics among Grades 4 and 8 students across participating countries.

Purpose : This study explored the relationship between positive affect towards science and mathematics and achievement in science and mathematics among Malaysian and Singaporean Grade 8 students.

Sample : In total, 4466 Malaysia students and 4599 Singaporean students from Grade 8 who participated in TIMSS 2007 were involved in this study.

Design and method : Students’ achievement scores on eight items in the survey instrument that were reported in TIMSS 2007 were used as the dependent variable in the analysis. Students’ scores on four items in the TIMSS 2007 survey instrument pertaining to students’ affect towards science and mathematics together with students’ gender, language spoken at home and parental education were used as the independent variables.

Results : Positive affect towards science and mathematics indicated statistically significant predictive effects on achievement in the two subjects for both Malaysian and Singaporean Grade 8 students. There were statistically significant predictive effects on mathematics achievement for the students’ gender, language spoken at home and parental education for both Malaysian and Singaporean students, with R ² = 0.18 and 0.21, respectively. However, only parental education showed statistically significant predictive effects on science achievement for both countries. For Singapore, language spoken at home also demonstrated statistically significant predictive effects on science achievement, whereas gender did not. For Malaysia, neither gender nor language spoken at home had statistically significant predictive effects on science achievement.

Conclusions : It is important for educators to consider implementing self-concept enhancement intervention programmes by incorporating ‘affect’ components of academic self-concept in order to develop students’ talents and promote academic excellence in science and mathematics.     

Expansion and social selection in education in England and Scotland

This paper examines trends in social class inequalities in young people’s educational attainment and HE entry between the mid‐1980s and the end of the 1990s in England and Scotland. Using time‐series data derived from the Scottish School Leavers Surveys and the England (and Wales) Youth Cohort Study, changes in both absolute and relative social class differences within and across the two countries were analysed through the use of a series of ordered logits. The results show that Scotland has higher educational attainment rates but also higher social class inequalities than England. Moreover, while in England social class inequalities at upper‐secondary and tertiary level have declined over time, in Scotland no evidence of such trend has been found. The conclusions highlight that possible explanations for these patterns reside in the different features of the two education systems and in the remarkable educational success of the Scottish middle class.     

高校创新创业教育中存在的问题与优化策略

为缓解大学生就业压力,高校结合当今社会学生就业情况,制定了以创业带动就业的教育方针政策,通过创业教育的开展来赋予学生足够的创业能力,使学生可以实现自主就业。作为一名高校创新创业教育工作者,笔者通过对高校创新创业教育问题的逐步分析,对大学生创新创业教育策略进行详细论述,以此为有效缓解社会就业矛盾,促进高校创新创业教育有效开展贡献自身的一份力。