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1.
体力活动与青少年健康   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
许汪宇 《体育科研》2011,32(1):66-71
通过分析大量的观察和实验研究结果,本文综述了体力活动对儿童青少年身体健康的影响。结果表明:儿童青少年的体力活动水平越高.其心肺功能、代谢功能、肌肉力量、骨骼以及心理等方面的健康水平也越高.但具体的运动类型、运动强度和持续时间等因素应根据运动目的的不同而异.  相似文献   

2.
体力活动与健康:研究及应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
规律性体力活动对健康的益处已经被既往的研究所证实。多种慢性疾病,包括心脏病、2型糖尿病、高血压、中风、肥胖、骨质疏松以及某些癌症的发病都与缺乏规律性的体力活动有关。权威机构已明确提出了关于体力活动的参与指引。大量的研究致力于体力活动干预措施的制定。本文总结了体力活动与健康的研究证据、体力活动在人群中的评价、以及体力活动干预研究的进展,为中国下一步相关研究的开展提供借鉴。  相似文献   

3.
邱俊 《体育科研》2011,32(1):31-36
通过对《2008美国体力活动指南》的研究文章进行归纳分析,综述了体力活动在代谢综合症、Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型糖尿病、糖尿病的心血管危险因素、糖尿痛微血管并发症、糖尿病肾病和妊娠糖尿病等6方面的预防和治疗作用。同时。也分析和讨论体力活动对防治不同代谢疾病的量效反应,以及体力活动的安全性问题。明确体力活动在预防和治疗代谢综合症和Ⅱ型糖尿病方面所起的关键性作用。  相似文献   

4.
王道 《体育科研》2011,32(1):24-30
《2008美国体力活动指南》通过文献搜索和统计整理的方法对有关体力活动与心肺健康的研究进行了系统综述,分别从体力活动对高血压、动脉粥样硬化、血脂异常、脑血管疾病、外周动脉疾病等疾病的影响,阐述了体力活动与心肺健康之间的关系。该指南提出体力活动特别是有氧运动的增加与保持心肺健康之间具有良好的相关性,另外也提出了在后续的研究中需要关注的几个问题。  相似文献   

5.
郑樊慧  安燕  尹峻 《体育科研》2011,32(1):57-65
《2008美国体力活动指南》对体力活动与心理健康间的关系进行了综述。该综述指出.体力活动对某些心理疾痛具有防治作用。定期进行中等到大强度的体力活动可以有效地预防抑郁症和老年痴呆症的发生,及因老龄化引起的认知功能的下降;另外,还可以减轻焦虑症状、改善睡眠质量、降低疲劳感、减少痛苦感和提升幸福感。并且,该综述对体力活动影响心理健康的机制进行了论述,指出了目前的研究中存在的不足,并预测了未来的研究方向。  相似文献   

6.
《体育与科学》2014,(1):30-34
本文介绍了国外体力活动及其相关环境研究背景,并结合国内发展的现实条件分析了我国开始该领域研究的背景;介绍了体力活动相关的各种环境,并分析了该领域的研究视角及其贡献;将国内研究分为探索阶段、初期阶段和多产阶段。国外研究分为萌芽期、形成期、酝酿期、活跃期和干预期。并从研究视角、研究内容和方法、研究区域和模型以及体力活动的分类调查问卷等不同的研究选择等方面进行了总结,最终提出了问题和展望。  相似文献   

7.
国家公务员体力活动与健康问题的研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
采用问卷调查等方法,对全国1112名公务员进行了调查。结果表明:公务员整体缺乏足够的体力活动,尤其是中年人;公务员群体存在有应酬多、坐着工作时间长等不利于健康的工作和生活方式;男性参加体育锻炼的次数明显多于女性;30岁以上者对体力活动有着比较正确的认识,但参加体力活动的欲望和行为明显滞后,其中30~49岁组尤甚;文化程度高者参加体力活动的欲望强,但在行为方面却表现出相反的趋势。建议:完善公务员体力活动的保障、考核机制,大力开展适宜的体育锻炼活动。  相似文献   

8.
目的 探讨小学儿童体力活动与身体素质、骨密度的关联,为促进小学儿童体质健康干预策略提供理论基础.方法 通过ActiGraph GT3X+型加速度计与CM-200超声骨密度仪分别对扬州市某小学313名六年级学生进行体力活动水平与骨密度的测量,最后对小学儿童身体素质指标进行测试.结果 与结论男孩的MVPA与50m跑、1mi...  相似文献   

9.
张鹏 《体育科研》2011,32(1):51-56,71
《2008美国体力活动指南》针对体力活动与中老年人功能健康和残障的相关研究进行系统检索及回顾分析,得出3个结论:(1)规律的体力活动能够预防或推迟功能受限和角色受限的发生;(2)规律的体力活动能够促进或维持功能能力和角色能力;(3)规律的体力活动能够降低老年人跌倒及其相关伤害的风险。因此提出,由于老年人参与体力活动最少而发生残障的危险最高,促进老年人的体力活动是一项非常重要的公众健康目标。  相似文献   

10.
国外青少年体力活动与健康促进研究现状   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究通过阅读国外文献资料和对专家进行访谈,了解了国外青少年体力活动研究现状.研究结果表明:体力活动干预是提高青少年体质和解决"未来健康问题"的重要途径,但目前运动干预方案和运动处方的量化研究刚刚起步,大量实质性的工作尚待深入.研究结论认为:加强我国青少年体力活动的研究可为我国青少年健康促进策略的制定提供参考依据.  相似文献   

11.
体育锻炼对骨密度的影响   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
采用文献资料研究法,综述运动项目、肌力以及运动引起激素改变对骨密度(BMD)的影响,从而为进一步研究运动防治骨质疏松症提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

12.
    
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of resistance training (RT) performed with 1 or 3 sets per exercise on osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) syndrome parameters in older women. Sixty-two older women (68.0 ± 4.3 years, 26.8 ± 4.4 kg/m2) participated in a 12-week RT program. Participants were randomly assigned into one of the three groups: two training groups that performed either 1 set (G1S, n = 21) or 3 sets (G3S, n = 20) 3 times weekly, or a control group (CG, n = 21). Body composition was assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry, strength was evaluated by 1 repetition maximum testing. The G3S presented significantly higher strength changes than G1S. The changes for percentage of body fat were higher for G3S compared to G1S. There was no difference in skeletal muscle mass between G3S and G1S, however both training groups displayed greater increases in this outcome compared to CG. There was no effect for bone mineral density. The overall analysis indicated higher (< 0.05) positive changes for G3S than G1S (composed Z-score: G3S = 0.62 ± 0.40; G1S = 0.11 ± 0.48). The results suggest that a 12-week RT period is effective to improve the risk factors of OSO, and that 3 sets induce higher improvements than a single set.  相似文献   

13.
体育运动对人体骨密度的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
近年来,体育运动对骨密度的影响日益受到人们的关注,通过文献综述法,从体育锻炼对不同年龄人群BMD的影响、不同运动方式对骨密度的影响两方面对其进行阐述。  相似文献   

14.
运动与骨密度的研究进展   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
笔者综述了运动对机体骨密度影响的研究结果 ,探讨运动有效提高骨密度的可能机制 ,并提出有效增加骨密度的运动处方 ,为进一步研究运动防治骨质疏松提供了理论依据  相似文献   

15.
Sports characterized by little or moderate weight bearing or impact have a low osteogenic effect. However, the action of such sports on bone turnover remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the effect on bone remodelling of physical activities that induce moderate external loading on the skeleton. Thirty-eight male athletes aged 18–39 years (cyclists, n?=?11; swimmers, n?=?13; triathletes, n?=?14) and 10 age-matched sedentary controls aged 22–35 years participated in the study. The study combined measurement of bone mineral density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and bone turnover assessment from specific biochemical markers: serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, urinary type I collagen C-telopeptide and calcium. Compared with the controls and swimmers, adjusted bone mineral density was higher (P?<?0.05) in triathletes at the total proximal femur and lower limbs. No differences in bone mineral density were found between cyclists, swimmers and controls. Compared with controls, osteocalcin was higher (P?<?0.05) in triathletes and swimmers and urinary type I collagen C-telopeptide was higher in swimmers only. Serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was lower (P?<?0.05) in cyclists than in all other groups. In conclusion, an osteogenic effect was found only in triathletes, mainly at bone sites under high mechanical stress. Bone turnover differed in athletes compared with controls, suggesting that bone turnover may be sport-practice dependent. Despite some encouraging observations, it was not possible to show that changes in the bone remodelling process were sport-discipline dependent.  相似文献   

16.
    
The aim of this study was to analyse whether there are differences in bone mass in girls playing different sports. Two hundred girls (10.6 ± 1.5 years old, Tanner stages I–III) participated in the study and were divided into groups of 40 (swimmers, soccer players, basketball players, handball players and controls). Bone mineral content and bone mineral density (BMD) (whole body and hip) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The degree of sexual development was determined using Tanner test, and physical activity habits were recorded through a questionnaire designed ad hoc for this research. Girls were divided by pubertal stage and the type of sport. In the prepubertal group, intertrochanteric BMD was significantly higher in both handball and soccer players compared with the control group (< 0.05). Furthermore, in the pubertal group, total BMD, mean arms BMD, pelvis BMD, femoral neck BMD, intertrochanteric BMD and Ward’s triangle BMD were significantly higher in soccer and handball players compared with the control group (< 0.05), and the swimmers showed significantly higher values in the mean arms BMD compared with the control group (< 0.01). Our data suggest that sport practice during puberty, especially in activities that support the body weight, may be an important factor in achieving a high peak bone mass and improving bone health in girls.  相似文献   

17.
运动与骨密度的研究进展   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
采用文献研究法研究了基础医学、临床医学、体育科学、运动医学和运动生物力学等有关专著和教材,研究结果表明,体育运动对不同生命时期的骨密度和骨量均有影响;不同运动方式和不同运动强度的运动对骨密度和骨代谢的影响不一样;过度训练可导致骨量、骨密度的降低和性激素的下降,可见,适宜的运动强度和运动方式,有利于改善骨代谢和提高骨密度。  相似文献   

18.
运动对中等职业学校学生骨密度的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用文献法资料法和实验法调查119名中等职业学校学生(以下简称中职生)(16~18岁)的骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)和参加运动的情况。结果显示男性运动组与不运动组BMD值有显著差异性。女性中职生运动组有使骨密度增加的趋势。运动时间长、运动频率高的组别BMD也高。男性每日运动时间大于1h组与小于1h组的BMD值具有显著性差异。结论:运动对BMD有积极影响,运动频率大于3次/周及每日运动时间超过1h对BMD的影响最为明显。  相似文献   

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