甘肃省高校高水平足球运动员培养现状分析

随着时代的不断发展,国民经济的提高,人民的生活水平也得到了很大的改善。高校的教育改革也在如火如荼的进行着,尤其是体育教学的改革和开放,为建立起一个高水平的足球队创造了一个十分难得的机遇。我省在20世纪90年代,便对教育事业和体育方面进行实践和改革,经过近10年的研究和探索,在足球领域方面得到了很大的进展。但是在教学的过程中或多或少的出现一些无法得到解决的问题,因此本文就甘肃省高校足球高水平足球运动员的培养现状与发展对策进行研究,以期可以更好的完成高水平足球运动员的培养。     

对高水平足球运动员进攻性跑位的探析

通过对2008年欧洲杯决赛阶段比赛进行观察、统计、分析,对进攻性跑位的特征、类别、作用、原则等进行探讨与分析,指明进攻性跑位的要点,为今后的足球训练以及比赛提供了重要的理论依据。     

谈如何引导青少年成长为高水平足球运动员

青少年体育人才的培养特别是青少年足球人才的培养不断被受到重视。因为在中国足球屡战屡败之后，人们才意识到中国足球水平上不去，是因为我们在青少年培养方面远远落后于其它国家。提高对青少年培养的认识以及如何进行培养是解决培养青少年向高水平足球运动员发展的关键。     

广西高校高水平足球运动员培养现状与发展对策

采用文献资料法和调查法,对广西高校在培养高水平足球运动员的现状、生源质量、招生机制、教练员队伍业务水平、学训矛盾和政策的导向以及经费设施等方面进行了调查分析。研究结果表明,广西高校高水平足球运动员的培养应注意以下方面：提高管理层重视程度,加大经费投入和政策支持,充分发挥社会和市场作用,解决培养经费短缺问题,改革并完善招生考试制度,建立科学合理的学训体系,加强对高校足球教练员的培训和学习。     

高水平足球运动员人格特质与意志品质特点和关系的研究

在以往对我国足球运动水平相对落后的原因探讨中,往往忽视高水平足球运动员心理胜任能力的因素。选取91名不同级别的高水平足球运动员、17名国家级帆船帆板运动员作为被试,进行了人格特质和意志品质的心理测量、分析。结果发现:在精神质程度上,不同群体间运动员存在差异。足球运动员的精神质与意志品质间存在中等强度的负相关。结果表明,有必要对高水平足球运动员进行适应能力、意志品质等方面的心理训练。此外,在运动员选拔中,可以考虑应用精神质作为衡量意志品质的相关指标。     

江苏省高校高水平足球运动员训练现状研究

采用问卷调查法和专家访谈法,对江苏省7所普通高校176名高水平足球运动员的训练现状和认知状况进行问卷调查研究,分析存在问题,探讨解决途径,总结成功的经验,思考发展对策,旨在为促进江苏省普通高校培养高水平体育人才提供建设性见意。     

基于OmegaWave系统的高校高水平足球运动员体能研究

选取内蒙古师范大学20名在校高水平足球运动员,应用美国先进的Omega Wave体能测试系统进行下肢爆发力、能量代谢、反应时等体能相关指标的测试,客观了解高校高水平足球运动员的体能水平,通过与国家队优秀足球运动员的各项数据进行比较,分析运动员应具备的体能水平,为高校高水平足球运动员的选材与科学训练提供依据。     

日本足球运动员培养研究

采用文献资料法对日本足球近20年取得的成就及其原因进行分析,深入研究日本少年足球运动员的培养机制。主要结论:日本足球在政府多年来的重视和投入基础上,建立以学校为载体、以学生为生源、拥有高水平教练员队伍的少年足球俱乐部,并建立健全的培养模式和完善的竞赛机制。启示:提高足球普及程度;把学校作为足球运动发展的载体;建立一套完善的少年运动员培养体系等。     

我国高校培养高水平运动员的困境与路径研究

采用文献资料法,分析了我国高校高水平运动员的培养状况,结果表明:我国高校培养高水平运动员存在着生源质量较差,文化与体育之间的冲突,缺乏经费保障,思想意识的禁锢,教练员整体素质偏低等问题.建议拓宽运动员培养资金来源渠道;扩大高水平运动员招生自主权;构建多级学校联赛体制;建立灵活多样的学训体系;转变对体育传统的思想观念.     

韩国学校足球高水平运动员培养机制分析

通过文献资料研究和实地考察等对韩国学校足球高水平运动员的培养机制进行分析.结果表明,韩国学校足球是培养高水平足球人才的重要途径;这一培养机制中所采用的齿轮运转管理模式对韩国学校足球发展的层次性、衔接性和统一性起到了非常重要的作用;各种行之有效的行政政策和制度以及政府的资金投入等是韩国学校足球高水平运动员培养机制正常运行的基本保证.     

我国女子足球优秀运动员的跑动能力

采用德国研制的SIMI-scout技战术软件对参加第5届全国女足锦标赛的运动员比赛跑动能力进行解析.结果显示,我国女足运动员平均跑动距离是(7 166±1 394)m,其中高强度、中等强度和低强度的跑动距离分别占总距离的13%、24%和63%,且不同位置队员的跑动距离和跑动能力结构具有明显的位置特征.     

"体教结合"培养高水平篮球运动员

分析了我国在高水平篮球运动员培养方面存在的弊端。主张通过“体教结合”的途径,从单纯的追求竞技成绩转变到追求运动员全面发展的科学发展观上来。并借鉴美国篮球“体教结合”的成功经验,提出我国培养高水平篮球运动员亟待关注的5个问题和3个建议,力争使体育和教育达到深层次、实质性的结合,培养出全面发展的高水平篮球运动员。     

Effective conditioning of female soccer players

We compared the efficacy of three physical conditioning programmes provided over a 12 week period (24?h in total) on selected anthropometric and physical fitness parameters in female soccer players. Two of the groups received physical conditioning training in accordance with speed, agility and quickness (SAQ); one group used specialized resistance and speed development SAQ equipment (equipment group; n?=?12), while the other group used traditional soccer coaching equipment (non-equipment group; n?=?12). A third group received their regular fitness sessions (active control group; n?=?12). All three interventions decreased (P?<0.001) the participants' body mass index (?3.7%) and fat percentage (?1.7%), and increased their flexibility (+14.7%) and maximal aerobic capacity ([Vdot]O_2max) (+18.4%). The participants in the equipment and non-equipment conditioning groups showed significantly (P?<0.005) greater benefits from their training programme than those in the active control group by performing significantly better on the sprint to fatigue (?11.6% for both the equipment and non-equipment groups versus ?6.2% for the active control group), 25?m sprint (?4.4% vs ?0.7%), left (?4.5% vs ?1.0%) and right (?4.0% vs ?1.4%) side agility, and vertical (+18.5% vs +4.8%) and horizontal (+7.7% vs +1.6%) power tests. Some of these differences in improvements in physical fitness between the equipment and non-equipment conditioning groups on the one hand and the active control group on the other hand were probably due to the specificity of the training programmes. It was concluded that SAQ training principles appear to be effective in the physical conditioning of female soccer players. Moreover, these principles can be implemented during whole team training sessions without the need for specialized SAQ equipment. Finally, more research is required to establish the relationship between physical fitness and soccer performance as well as the principles underlying the improvements seen through the implementation of SAQ training programmes.     

三峡大学体育学院创业教育的实践

通过对三峡大学体育学院推进创业教育融入专业教育的教学改革实践活动,采取“转变观念培养体育精神、创新教学方法与管理模式、打造多级创业实践平台、实施“双素质”培育工程、改革专业课考评体系”等措施,使全院师生的人才培养观有较大转变,使学生的创业意识、创新精神、能力和综合素质得到不断增强和提高.     

Evaluation of soccer players under the Moneyball concept

ABSTRACT

The recruitment of athletes with limited resources is a global problem in professional sports. In US Major League Baseball, the experience of the Oakland Athletics’ general manager in the last decade turned his “Moneyball” model into a synonym of quantitative analysis in the transfer market of baseball players. His strategy focused on hiring players with outstanding technical skills but relatively low market value. This study adapted this model to the framework of a multiple criteria decision aid (MCDA), by selecting undervalued players who have complementary abilities. The novelty here refers to the joint use of four algorithms explored by the composition of probabilistic preferences (CPP) (i.e., ranking, classification, dynamic evaluation and regularity analysis) and their application to soccer player performance evaluation. The new model analysed the recent transfer of a left-back soccer player to Europe. The results indicated 12 opportunities for better investment, among 32 left and right-back players considered. Two years later, the value of the same player was considerably lower. He played only five matches in the 2018–2019 season, without scoring or providing any assists. On the other hand, the players better classified by the CPP-MB model presented higher performances and market values.     

Analysis of repeated high-intensity running performance in professional soccer

Abstract

The aims of this study were twofold: (1) to characterize repeated high-intensity movement activity profiles of a professional soccer team in official match-play; and (2) to inform and verify the construct validity of tests commonly used to determine repeated-sprint ability in soccer by investigating the relationship between the results from a test of repeated-sprint ability and repeated high-intensity performance in competition. High-intensity running performance (movement at velocities >19.8 km · h^?1 for a minimum of 1 s duration) was measured in 20 players using computerized time–motion analysis. Performance in 80 French League 1 matches was analysed. In addition, 12 of the 20 players performed a repeated-sprint test on a non-motorized treadmill consisting of six consecutive 6 s sprints separated by 20 s passive recovery intervals. In all players, most consecutive high-intensity actions in competition were performed after recovery durations ≥61 s, recovery activity separating these efforts was generally active in nature with the major part of this spent walking, and players performed 1.1 ± 1.1 repeated high-intensity bouts (a minimum of three consecutive high-intensity bouts with a mean recovery time ≤20 s separating efforts) per game. Players reporting lowest performance decrements in the repeated-sprint ability test performed more high-intensity actions interspersed by short recovery times (≤20 s, P < 0.01 and ≤30 s, P < 0.05) compared with those with higher decrements. Across positional roles, central-midfielders performed more high-intensity actions separated by short recovery times (≤20 s) and spent a larger proportion of time running at higher intensities during recovery periods, while fullbacks performed the most repeated high-intensity bouts (statistical differences across positional roles from P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). These findings have implications for repeated high-intensity testing and physical conditioning regimens.     

我国普通高校高水平运动队发展的障碍与对策

分析了我国普通高校高水平运动队发展中的阻碍因素,如高水平运动队建设条件的保障不够、生源匮乏、竞赛制度不完善、缺乏高水平教练员、学习和训练矛盾解决不当等,并在此基础上从筹集保障经费途径、优化配置教练员队伍、扩大生源面、完善竞赛机制等方面提出了解决对策。     

Not quite so fast: effect of training at 90% sprint speed on maximal and repeated-sprint ability in soccer players

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of training at an intensity eliciting 90% of maximal sprinting speed on maximal and repeated-sprint performance in soccer. It was hypothesised that sprint training at 90% of maximal velocity would improve soccer-related sprinting. Twenty-two junior club-level male and female soccer players (age 17 ± 1 year, body mass 64 ± 8 kg, body height 174 ± 8 cm) completed an intervention study where the training group (TG) replaced one of their weekly soccer training sessions with a repeated-sprint training session performed at 90% of maximal sprint speed, while the control group (CG) completed regular soccer training according to their teams’ original training plans. Countermovement jump, 12 × 20-m repeated-sprint, VO_2max and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 test were performed prior to and after a 9-week intervention period. No significant between-group differences were observed for any of the performance indices and effect magnitudes were trivial or small. Before rejecting the hypothesis, we recommend that future studies should perform intervention programmes with either stronger stimulus or at other times during the season where total training load is reduced.     

中外优秀女子田径选手运动成绩的比较分析

将2005年中外女子田径21项前10名的运动成绩进行对比分析,结果表明,现阶段中国女子田径选手具有争金夺牌实力的项目是马拉松、20 km竞走、10 000 m、5 000 m、铅球、铁饼、链球。为了提高中国女子田径运动的整体水平,必须重新认识"周期理论",认识准备活动的重要性、提高教练员对技术环节的理解力,冲破运动员年龄"瓶颈",打造优势项目的运动员团队,培养"伯乐",坚决杜绝兴奋剂事件的发生。