第52届世乒赛男团比赛张继科和马龙技战术对比分析

横拍打法是男子乒坛的主流打法,在乒乓球发展中起着重要地位。以全台反手为主的张继科和以强大正手为主的马龙是优秀的男子乒乓球横拍打法代表。在第52届世乒赛团体比赛中,张继科输给了同为横拍打法的欧洲选手奥恰洛夫,而马龙战胜了奥恰洛夫。通过对这两场比赛的技战术特点进行系统分析与研究,总结张继科和马龙技战术特点和存在的不足,并给出建议,为横拍运动员的培养训练和提高横拍打法的技战术水平提供参考。     

从“上手”特征的分析看第52届东京世乒赛男团决赛奥恰洛夫的“胜”与“负”

通过文献综述法、录像观察法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,从5个方面对第52届东京世乒赛男团决赛奥恰洛夫的2场比赛的上手特征进行统计和分析,找到奥恰洛夫决赛2场比赛1胜1负在上手特征方面的特点和不同。研究显示:奥恰洛夫在对张继科的比赛中,积极的上手的效果好,对比赛的胜利起到了作用;在对马龙的比赛中,积极上手的效果较差。没有给自己创造优势,最终输掉了比赛。     

先手持矛，后手御盾——马龙攻防一体化

这组图选取的是第一阶段直通萨格勒布大循环马龙跟侯英超比赛时的场景。马龙在横板打法中前三板比较细,攻守也相对均衡。侯英超目前是中国男队第一削,在稳削的同时正手也有适时的反拉。     

张继科与马龙技战术比较分析——以2014年乒乓球世界杯男单决赛为例

采用文献资料、录像观察、数理统计、乒乓球"三段分析"等研究方法比较分析张继科与马龙的决赛技战术特点,从发球效果、发球抢攻、接发球抢攻、相持阶段以及整场比赛的前三板的技战术情况进行对比分析,研究结果表明:张继科在接发球段和相持段的得分率高于马龙,而马龙的发球效果和发球抢攻段以及整场比赛的前三板得分率高于张继科。     

对我国优秀乒乓球运动员直拍横打新技术应用的个案分析

直拍一直是中国队传统打法,但现在却危机四伏、举步维艰.通过世界大赛实践证明,横打技术创新思路是正确的,王皓、马琳等选手采用该打法已处于世界领先水平.通过对第47届世乒男团决赛中国对德国队比赛录象的分析,研究王皓、马琳在比赛中新技术应用情况及存在主要问题,旨在为直拍快攻打法的发展及应用提供参考.     

马龙台前快速衔接

本组内容是中德决赛中第四盘马龙对奥恰洛夫的比赛,他在和奥恰洛夫的比赛中,也是通过自己速度快的优势去压制对手,争取避免和对手进行中远台的相持。本组技战术有两个重要的环节：第一,马龙盯住了奥恰洛夫发出的半出台球,翩上手把球拉起来;第二,马龙在露对奥恰洛夫正季强力反控的时候没有退台,硬是顶在台前把球再一次反带了回去。     

对九运会乒乓球运动员打法类型的调查

随着乒乓球运动的日益推广 ,运动水平逐年提高 ,乒乓球的打法类型也显示出在比赛中的作用。不论何种打法 ,都有它的优势和不足之处 ,运动员在比赛中如何合理地运用则是关键。特别是国际乒联发球规则和１１分制的改革 ,使比赛获胜的偶然性增加了 ,对手之间的差距也缩短了 ,因此 ,必须加强技术、战术、训练方法及运动员打法类型上的研究 ,不断创新和发展。为了全面了解目前我国优秀乒乓球运动员各类打法的分布情况及成绩水平 ,更加全面、合理地培养各类打法的优秀运动员 ,我们对参加第九届全运会决赛阶段比赛的运动员的握拍情况、打法类型分布…     

2011年世界拳击锦标赛决赛中邹市明与对手技战术运用分析

在拳击比赛中合理安排每一回合的技战术在比赛中极其重要,它贯穿于拳击比赛的全过程,是双方运动员的斗志和计谋的体现,决定着比赛最终胜负结果。本文通过录像分析法、文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,以2011年世界拳击锦标赛49kg决赛中邹市明与对手申钟为研究对象,通过双方运动员每回合的拳法、技术运用次数进行统计分析其技战术的变化。研究表明,邹市明的技战术运用是当今拳台少有的一种打法称其为海盗打法。在海盗打法中,最为重要的就是在游击战中结合攻防转换,“海盗式”打法的技术关键是在遵循拳击基本规律的基础上,依据拳击运动本质特性在各项技术环节上创新了技战术结构。     

刘国梁：现在说奥运阵容还为时尚早

两年前亚锦赛的中日决赛,是我们近几年来打得最紧张的一次比赛,临场发挥也是最不稳定的一场,最主要的原因是我们三个年轻小将,马龙、许昕和张继科当时在思想、技术、心理等方面还不是很成熟,所以洲际比赛都出现了问题。上次张继科不错,拿了两分。     

刘国梁：多糖蒙德团体赛不搞直通赛

今年春节前后我们队伍参加了匈牙利和斯洛文尼亚公开赛,比赛成绩还可以,但运动员的发挥只能说—般。这两站比赛欧洲好手基本上都没有参赛,我们的主要对手里只有韩国的朱世赫去了,他在第一站的比赛中给我们制造来了很大的障碍,4比0赢了张继科,在决赛中也给马龙制造了不少麻烦,马龙也是打到最后一局才4比3险胜的。     

2014年“直通东京世乒赛选拔赛”樊振东技战术分析

运用文献资料法、录像观察法、数理统计法以及逻辑分析法等,对中国国家乒乓球队2014年“直通东京世乒赛选拔赛”第二阶段半决赛樊振东对阵马龙的比赛进行技战术统计与分析,找出樊振东在发抢段、接发段和相持段的技战术特点以及优劣势,为其进一步提高技战术水平提供理论依据。     

Validation of Accelerometer-Based Energy Expenditure Prediction Models in Structured and Simulated Free-Living Settings

This study compared accuracy of energy expenditure (EE) prediction models from accelerometer data collected in structured and simulated free-living settings. Twenty-four adults (mean age 45.8 years, 50% female) performed two sessions of 11 to 21 activities, wearing four ActiGraph GT9X Link activity monitors (right hip, ankle, both wrists) and a metabolic analyzer (EE criterion). Visit 1 (V1) involved structured, 5-min activities dictated by researchers; Visit 2 (V2) allowed participants activity choice and duration (simulated free-living). EE prediction models were developed incorporating data from one setting (V1/V2; V2/V2) or both settings (V1V2/V2). The V1V2/V2 method had the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) for EE prediction (1.04–1.23 vs. 1.10–1.34 METs for V1/V2, V2/V2), and the ankle-worn accelerometer had the lowest RMSE of all accelerometers (1.04–1.18 vs. 1.17–1.34 METs for other placements). The ankle-worn accelerometer and associated EE prediction models developed using data from both structured and simulated free-living settings should be considered for optimal EE prediction accuracy.     

踺子转体180°前手翻接直体前空翻转体类跳马动作的运动学分析

目的:研究踺子转体180°前手翻接直体前空翻类跳马动作,揭示这类跳马的运动学规律和技术特点.方法:对程菲和洪淑贞完成的"踺子转体180°前手翻接直体前空翻转体180"(简称"R180"),以及程菲完成的"踺子转体180°前手翻接直体前空翻转体540°"("程菲跳")进行三维运动学分析,对三组跳马动作身体重心的水平速度和垂直速度、主要关节的位移、关节角度、身体翻转角速度等运动学参数进行对比分析.结果:三组动作踏板时重心水平速度基本相同,踏板及推手阶段关键位置的关节角度相近,但"程菲跳"推离马重心垂直速度和第二腾空时间明显高于"R180",第二腾空转体角速度略大于"R180"的3倍,而翻腾角速度略小.结论:踺子转体180°前手翻接直体前空翻类跳马动作触马前的技术动作基本相同,难度较高的技术动作需要更高的推离马垂直速度和更快的第二腾空转体角速度.     

Effect of movement speed on trunk and hip exercise performance

Abstract

The influence of speed on trunk exercise technique is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of movement speed on the kinematics and kinetics of curl-up, sit-up and leg raising/lowering exercises. Seventeen healthy, recreationally trained individuals (13 females and 4 males) volunteered to participate in this study. Four different exercise cadences were analysed: 1 repetition/4 s, 1 repetition/2 s, 1 repetition/1.5 s and 1 repetition/1 s. The exercises were executed on a force plate and recorded by three cameras to conduct a 3D photogrammetric analysis. The cephalo-caudal displacement of the centre of pressure and range of motion (ROM) of six joints describing the trunk and hip movements were measured. As sit-up and curl-up speed increased, hip and knee ROM increased. Dorsal-lumbar and upper trunk ROM increased with speed in the curl-up. Faster cadence in the sit-up exercise had minimal effect on trunk ROM: only the upper trunk ROM decreased significantly. In the leg raising/lowering exercise there was a decrease in the pelvic tilt and hip ROM, and increased knee flexion ROM. During higher speed exercises, participants modified their technique to maintain the cadence. Thus, professionals would do well to monitor and control participants' technique during high-speed exercises to maintain performance specificity. Results also suggest division of speed into two cadence categories, to be used as a reference for prescribing exercise speed based on preferred outcome goals.     

不同训练模式下羽毛球运动员心率和血乳酸的变化

通过不同羽毛球训练模式和模拟实战时运动员血乳酸和心率分布,了解不同训练模式时的供能特点。方法：测定12名高水平羽毛球运动员在5种不同训练模式下和实战比赛中血乳酸浓度和心率,以了解不同训练模式时的供能特点,为训练实践提供参考依据。结果：（1）5种训练模式运动后即刻和运动后5分钟运动员血乳酸均显著高于模拟比赛后（P<0.05）,运动员运动后10分钟血乳酸浓度在训练模式1、模式2和模式5中均显著高于模拟比赛（P<0.05）,5种不同模式中模式5在运动后即刻、运动后5分钟和运动后10分钟血乳酸最高（p<0.05）;（2）心率分布中,训练模式1和训练模式2下90% HRmax以上分布显著高于（P<0.05）模拟比赛;80-90% HRmax分布训练模式1、训练模式3和训练模式5显著高于模拟比赛（P<0.05）。结论：5种训练模式在发展ATP-CP和糖酵解系统供能能力各有侧重,模拟比赛的强度接近比赛要求。     

10～18儿童青少年最大吸氧量的正常值

用自动倒转固定跑台对445名10～18岁男女学生进行最大吸氧量(Vo_(2max))的直接测定。根据所得的Vo_(2max)值,制订了10～18岁儿童青少年Vo~(max)的正常值,并确定了评价等级,将Vo_(max)值分为优(> 2S)、良( 1S～ 2S)、中(—1S～ 1S)、可(—2S～—1S)、差(<—2S)五个等级。为儿科临床诊断、青少年体质评定以及运动员选材提供依据。     

有氧能力关联基因多态与技巧类滑雪运动员跨项选材

目的：研究优秀技巧类滑雪运动员中4个有氧能力关联多态基因ACE、GLUT4、ADRB2和PPARGC1A的分布频率，及基于4个优势等位基因的基因型总分（TGS），探索上述多态基因与TGS作为我国优秀技巧类滑雪运动员跨项选材分子标记的可行性。方法：应用基质辅助激光解吸附电离飞行时间质谱检测技术，对68名中国北方汉族优秀技巧类滑雪运动员与138名中国北方汉族普通大学生ACE基因rs4340位点、GLUT4基因rs5418位点、ADRB2基因rs1042713位点和PPARGC1A基因rs8192678位点进行解析。计算并比较运动员与对照组在上述4个位点的TGS。结果：在上述4个多态位点，运动员与对照组间的基因型和等位基因频率无显著性差异（P>0.05）；两组人在携带的优势等位基因数量、TGS分值范围、平均TGS分值及TGS分值的分布频率上也均无显著性差异（P>0.05）。结论：ACE基因rs4340位点、GLUT4基因rs5418位点、ADRB2基因rs1042713位点、PPARGC1A基因rs8192678位点多态性和基于上述4个位点的TGS均无法作为中国北方汉族技巧类滑雪运动员的有氧能力跨项分子选材标记。     

Inflammatory and apoptotic signalling pathways and concussion severity: a genetic association study

The objective was to investigate the relationship between IL-1B rs16944, IL-6 rs1800795, and CASP8 rs3834129 genetic polymorphisms and concussion severity. Rugby players from high school, senior amateur, and professional teams completed a concussion severity questionnaire and donated a DNA sample. Participants (n = 163) were split into symptom severity groups around the median number and duration of symptoms. The frequency of participants with high symptom counts (more than five symptoms) increased across the IL-1B (C/C: 35%; C/T: 51%; T/T: 56%; P = 0.047) and the IL-6 (C/C: 31%; C/G: 44%; G/G: 58%; P = 0.027) genotypes. The C–C inferred interleukin allele construct frequency, created from combining the IL-1B and IL-6 genotype data, was lower in participants reporting a high symptom count (18%), compared to those with a low symptom count (fewer than six symptoms, 36%, P = 0.002). Similarly, the C–C inferred interleukin allele construct frequency was lower in those reporting prolonged symptom duration (more than one week, 16%), as opposed to short symptom duration (less than one week, 34%, P = 0.015). This study provides evidence of novel inflammatory pathway genetic associations with concussion severity, which supports the hypothesis implicating neuroinflammation in the development of concussion symptoms.     

Children-Adult Comparisons of VO2 and HR Kinetics during Submaximum Exercise

Abstract

Oxygen uptake (VO₂) and heart rate (HR) kinetics for submaximum exercise were compared in prepubescent boys (mean age ± SD = 10.2 ± 1.28 years, N = 21) and adult men (30.0 ± 5.64 years, N = 21). Standard open circuit spirometric techniques were used to determine _VO2 and a bipolar ECG was used to measure HR. The kinetics of VO₂ and HR were determined for each subject using graphic procedures. Subjects performed submaximum exercise on the bicycle ergometer at an intensity of 42 ± 1.3% (mean ± SE) of VO₂ max for the children and 39 ± 0.7% of VO₂ max for the adults (p = .07). There were no group differences in VO₂ t1/2 (children t1/2 = 18.5 ± 0.75 secs and adults t1/2 = 17.4 ± 0.39 secs, p = .18) and HR t1/2 (children t1/2 = 11.4 ± 1.86 secs and adults t1/2 = 13.6 ± 1.66 secs, p = .38). These data suggest that children and adults do not differ in cardiorespiratory adjustments during low intensity exercise. This is in contrast to suggestions of other investigators that children have a faster cardiovascular adjustment to exercise.