“颜”外之意

颜色词语除了表示具体而实际的物理色彩(physical color)外,还会在人们的视觉和心理上引发相应的联想(association of ideas).而对于来自不同民族和文化的人而言,各种颜色的文化内涵和象征意义(cultural connotation and symbolization)也自然不尽相同.本期就来看看英语中关于红、绿、蓝的文化背景与各自的引申义.     

Beyond the limits of theoretical discourse in teacher education: Towards a critical pedagogy

This paper argues for the development of a critical pedagogy through teacher education. Current theoretical discourse in teacher education, represented by radical, rationalist, and traditionalist perspectives, has failed to provide an adequate rationale for teacher education, given the multi-dimensionality of the teacher's task in contemporary schooling. Teacher education has failed to provide teachers with the critical capacities needed to guard mass schooling against political interference and its use as an agency of control rather than emancipation. The problem in part lies in the limitations of the ideological basis of each perspective, but more significantly in a common failure to account for a number of fundamental structures that constrain and contain teacher education. These structures are identified and discussed with a view to providing the context for an adequate rationale for teacher education. The paper concludes with a discussion of a number of key issues, such as the nature of knowledge in teacher education programmes and the ‘problem’ of theory and practice, in an attempt to lay the ground for the development of a critical pedagogy through teacher education.     

Beyond the birds and the bees: constituting a discourse of erotics in sexuality education

A tradition of predominately feminist literature has revealed that there is a ‘missing discourse of desire’ in many sex education programmes. Building on this work, this article explores the gendered effects of this de‐eroticized and clinical form of education. It is argued that young women and men's (hetero)sexual subjectivities are differentially affected by the invisibility of desire and pleasure in this curriculum. To offer young women a sense of personal empowerment and entitlement, and young men a broader range of (hetero)sexual subjectivities, it is proposed that sex education include a discourse of erotics. This would comprise more than an acknowledgement of desire and pleasure and incorporate the embodied practicalities of these experiences. As a means of developing this discourse within sexuality programmes, empirical evidence of 17‐ to 19‐year‐olds' experiences of desire and pleasure are examined.     

Beyond space and across time: non-finalized dialogue about science and religion discourse

This commentary dialogues with three articles that analyze the same database about science and religion discourse produced 17 years ago. Dialogues in these three articles and this commentary across space and time allow us to develop new and different understandings of the same database and situation. As part of this commentary, I discuss topics approached in the three articles including the collective nature of discourses, emotion, and constructivist view on learning. I draw on three essential concepts of the dialogical nature of utterance, the emotional-volitional tone and internally persuasive discourse informed by Bakhtin’s dialogism. In particular, I conclude that Bakhtin’s dialogism not only invites us to understand science learning discourse in a more holistic way but also encourages us to open up dialogues between science and religion that often are considered to be two hostile opponents.     

宪法至上与司法独立的契合

宪法至上不仅包括形式意义上的至上还包括实质意义上的至上。实质意义上的至上才是宪法至上的核心。宪法至上不仅因为宪法的高级法背景,还因为宪法体现了人民的意志,符合公平正义的自然法则。宪法至上与司法独立二者相互联系、相互影响：一方面,宪法至上要求司法权的行使必须以司法公正为“至上”宪法。这其实也是司法独立的基本内涵,因为撇开司法公正讨论司法独立没有任何意义;另一方面,司法独立又对宪法至上起到维护和促进作用,因为它不仅是司法公正的基础,而且还是宪法至上的制度保障。     

理性至上主义与刑事司法解释的命运

近代的理性主义在限制封建司法专断的进步层面上,也造就了对法典式立法的崇拜和司法机械主义的产生,由理性至上主义排斥法官释法的主体性和法官释法权所衍生出来的司法机械和司法不公日益凸现,加之各种非理性主义思想的兴起所引起的对理性至上主义的反思,欧陆各国立法和司法中理性主义思想的传统垄断地位正趋衰落,反观我国之刑事立法和刑事司法解释中的绝对理性主义之盛．并剖析其痼疾,适当调整认识的立场和解释的理念,并实现司法权的归位,不失为及时之需。     

话语标记在话语生成和理解中的作用

以关联理论为基础,从认知角度对话语标记和话语标记的语用功能进行了分析,指出话语的生成和理解是用最小的努力去获得最佳效果的动态过程,是增强认知共性和语境效果的最佳手段,减少人们对话语进行处理加工时所需付出的努力,从而使交际得以顺利进行     

The expositive discourse as pedagogical discourse: studying recontextualization in the production of a science museum exhibition

In this paper I report on the sociological and educational particulars of The Biodiscovery Space exhibition of the Life Museum of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, using Basil Bernstein’s framework of pedagogic discourse and recontextualization. Data for analysis was obtained from interviews with the exhibition developers, field observations of museum visitors and analysis of exhibition documents. Using the ideas of power, classification and framework, among others, I analyzed the recontextualization process of the production of expositive discourse. Thus, working with Bernstein’s idea of classification, I explain the relationship between the discourses of the science of biology, history of science, museology, education, and communication in order to produce an expositive discourse. I also make explicit how agents of the Official Recontextualization Field of the Museum and the Pedagogic Recontextualization Field “....of the Museum determine partly the final expositive discourse of an exhibition”. Using the idea of a pedagogic discourse framework, I discuss how the constraints imposed by objects and texts in exhibitions help to create a specific manner of visitor interaction with these elements, “even if they have some autonomy”. Considerations about the audience and the intended process of acquisition are presented, when I discuss the control strategies of the exhibition. I propose that the Biodiscovery Space exhibit has a visible pedagogy. Finally, using the collected data I discuss the power tensions created in the production of expositive discourse showing how distributive, recontextualization and evaluation rules work in the context of exhibitions. The study of the dynamics in forming the expositive discourse using Bernstein’s framework reveals the individuals and institutions, the selection criteria, the negotiations and the power relations involved. It has the potential to assist both educators and researchers in the museum education field, as well as designers to understand the teaching and learning processes that occur during a visit and to establish relevant criteria to evaluate quality to best produce exhibitions in science museums.     

The interpretation of discourse

Interactants do not typically perceive the high ambiguity of utterances that is collectively predicted by semantic and pragmatic theories. This indicates the existence of a shared procedure for selecting best interpretations from multiple alternatives. This procedure is specified and partially formalized, with indications of its mediating role in the effect of psycho‐social variables on message formation and interpretation.     

工具理性至上:近代工程师传统的工程思想

近代以来科学进步及工业革命的巨大成就,把人类社会带入了一个黄金时代,同时也使工具理性急剧膨胀并与价值理性分裂开来。人们认为在工程实践中人只是工具强力意志的践履者,这为工程的全面进步提供了的合理性,同时也形成了以工具理性为指归的工程师传统的工程思想。工具理性单向度的扩张进一步使近代工程的工具旨趣增强,工程的形态展现为推动社会进步的强大工具。工程作为力量的象征向社会各个角落渗透和延伸,这反过来又强化了工具理性的传统,同时也为工程哲学发展开辟了道路,这些哲学思想在本体论及认识论向度上都带有明显的工具主义特征。     

教师话语策略——教学过程的一种社会学分析

教师在教学过程中常常会采取一些策略,以推进自己的教学.但是,这些策略的运用往往会引起教师对学生的更大的规控,导致学生的不自由和教师自身主体性的丧失.     

Beyond the image: The giftedness of Jimi Hendrix

This article explores aspects of the life and character of electric guitarist Jimi Hendrix based on the review of literature on gifted achievers and Dabrowski's theory on developmental potential in the gifted. The influential environmental and personality factors in the development of Hendrix's musical gift, including the role played by imagination and autodidactism with reference to Vygotky's theory on play, are a primary focus. Issues raised include the value of different musical education forms as they relate to the varieties of musical expression, and the usefulness of motivational and creative attributes as indicators of gifted potential.     

Beyond Measure: The Value of the Memorised Poem

Abstract

For centuries, memorisation was the vital mode through which the ‘uses of poetry’ were realised. Mixed reactions to its reinstatement on the primary curriculum indicate how much has changed. But does memorisation afford a type of understanding not available through reading or critical analysis? This article draws on the initial findings of the Cambridge Poetry and Memory Project, which sought to identify what is distinctive about this mode of engagement. At the time of writing, we are still analysing our findings. Here we explore three emerging themes through which we are starting to make sense of these: the memorised poem experienced as a living entity; as indwelling and indwelt; and within a relationship of love. We suggest that memorisation and literary analysis may become mutually enhancing, and conclude that the memorised poem is a largely unrecognised resource with the potential to enrich people’s lives in multiple ways over many years.     

The persuasiveness of persuasive discourse

This investigation explored why and how persuasion occurs. Toward this end, we examined the processing of two articles under conditions called for in the persuasion and conceptual change literatures. One unique aspect of the current study was the use of topic-specific measures of beliefs, knowledge (i.e., perceived and demonstrated), and interest. The performance of members of three educational communities (i.e., undergraduates, graduate students, and faculty) was compared, as was the knowledge and interest of more or less persuaded readers. One article argued that there are prenatal similarities among humans and other mammals, while the second presented a favorable view of same-sex marriages. Although both articles produced significant changes in readers’ beliefs, knowledge, and interest, there were performance differences by text, educational community, and persuasion group. Results showed that readers’ perceptions of their knowledge played a more significant role in persuasion outcomes than the knowledge they actually demonstrated. Outcomes suggest the need to look more closely at the relationship between knowledge and interest in subsequent studies of persuasion.     

《白鹿原》：男权文化的经典文本

在20世纪90年代，陈忠实的《白鹿原》以其对民族文化心理的揭示与史诗意蕴的追求，构成了新时期文学中一道亮丽的风景，但由于作家对传统儒家文化有意和无意的认同态度，造成叙述者性别观念上的落后与保守，流露出比较明显的性别偏见。从叙述者对不同性别角色的情感态度、价值判断以及对两性关系的描写中都呈现出明显男权意识的痕迹，在某种意义上，《白鹿原》既是反思民族文化的代表性作品，又是一部现代社会男权文化的经典文本。     

"华侨"的概念与定义:话语的变异

华侨是一个具有“二重角色”的海外移民群体，“华侨”也是一个动态的概念，在不同的历史语境中，有其不同的内涵。鸦片战争前大都是用“唐人”、“贱民”、“化外颓民”等称呼华侨，后来又有“猪仔”、“苦力”、“华工”等词语。当前对于华侨的含义有各种不同的说法，本认为，由于中华人民共和国成立以后不承认双重国籍，使得移居海外的人中具有中国公民身份比例大幅度减少，因而“华侨”一词已逐渐落后于时代，应该以“华人”取而代之，或将两合称为“华侨华人”。     

Empowering discourse: discourse analysis as method and practice in the sociology classroom

Collaborative learning and critical pedagogy are widely recognized as ‘empowering’ pedagogies for higher education. Yet, the practical implementation of both has a mixed record. The question, then, is: How could collaborative and critical pedagogies be empowered themselves? This paper makes a primarily theoretical case for discourse analysis (DA) as a form of classroom practice that provides a structured framework for collaborative and critical pedagogies in higher education, with a special reference to sociology classroom practice. I develop a tripartite scheme for building a framework for sociological imagination that is, first, sensitive to the discursive aspects of social reality (learning about DA). Second, I illustrate the use of DA as pedagogical tool and classroom practice (learning with DA). Third, I discuss how discourse analytical ideas can be used in evaluating classroom interaction and how these reflexive insights can be used to enhance student empowerment (learning through DA).