缺氧及血管周围神经改变对心脑血管的影响

血管功能失调是心脑血管病变发病的主要原因,缺氧时血管内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞通过多种方式迅速反应,包括急性反应和基因水平的改变,进而引起血管扩张或收缩。动脉血氧含量降低通过刺激颈动脉体化学感受器并激活交感神经系统,也能即刻诱发血管功能改变。血红素氧化酶和低氧诱导因子则在缺氧对血管壁的长期效应中发挥主要作用。该文还综述了长期神经刺激促发血管内皮损伤、促进外膜成纤维细胞及中膜平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移以及脑血管内皮细胞所参与的神经系统疾病。     

牵拉增加肌梭传入放电的实验观察

目的观察牵拉刺激（刺激强度）及其它实验因素对肌梭放电频率的影响。方法制备蟾蜍离体坐骨神经-缝匠肌标本,用BL-420生物机能系统记录牵拉刺激及实验因素对肌梭传入放电活动的影响。结果牵拉刺激增强,肌梭的传入放电频率增加;牵拉力度相同时,快速牵拉较缓慢牵拉引发更多的肌梭放电。结论肌梭是肌肉长度感受器,有快适应和慢适应两种现象,其敏感性受肌肉长度及温度的影响。     

Tissue-engineered graft constructed by self-derived cells and heterogeneous acellular matrix

Background： Endothelial and smooth muscle cells were used as seeding cells and heterogeneous acellularized matrix was used as scaffold to construct the tissue-engineered graft. Methods： A 2 weeks piglet was selected as a donor of seeding cells. Two-centimetre length of common carotid artery was dissected. Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells were harvested by trypsin and collagenase digestion respectively. The isolated cells were cultured and expanded using routine cell culture technique. An adult sheep was used as a donor of acellularized matrix. The thoracic aorta was harvested and processed by a multi-step decellularizing technique to remove the original cells and preserve the elastic and collagen fibers. The cultured smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells were then seeded to the acellularized matrix and incubated in vitro for another 2 weeks. The cell seeded graft was then transplanted to the cell-donated piglet to substitute part of the native pulmonary artery. Results： The cultured cells from piglet were characterized as endothelial cells by the presence of specific antigens vWF and CD31, and smooth muscle cells by the presence of specific antigen a-actin on the cell surface respectively with immunohistochemical technique. After decellularizing processing for the thoracic aorta from sheep, all the cellular components were extracted and elastic and collagen fibers kept their original morphology and structure. The maximal load of acellular matrix was decreased and 20% lower than that of untreated thoracic aorta, but the maximal tensions between them were not different statistically and they had similar load-tension curves. Three months after transplantation, the animal was sacrificed and the graft was removed for observation. The results showed that the inner surfaces of the graft were smooth, without thrombosis and calcification. Under microscopy, a great number of growing cells could be seen and elastic and collagen fibers were abundant. Conclusion： Cultured self-derived endothelial and smooth muscle cells could be used as seeding cells and heterogeneous acellularized matrix could be used as scaffold in constructing tissue-engineered graft.     

Effect of serum concentration on adhesion of monocytic THP-1 cells onto cultured EC monolayer and EC-SMC co-culture

Background:The adhesion of monocytes to the endothelium following accumulation oflow-density lipoprotein(LDL) in subendothelial spaces is an important step in the development of intimal hyperplasia in arterially implanted vein grafts and atherosclerosis in both animals and humans.However.it iS not well known how serum factors affect the adhesion of monocytes.Methods:We have studied the efrect of fetal calf serum(FCS).which we considered a source of LDL.on the adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells(Ecs)by using human monocytic THP-1 cells and both a monolayer of cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells(EC monoculture)and a co-culture with bovine aortic smooth muscle cells(EC-SMC co-culture).Results:It was found that the addition of FCS to the medium greatly affected the adhesion of THP-1 cells,and the higher the concentration of FCS in the medium,the greater the adhesion of THP-1 cells to endothelial cells.Adhesion of THP-1 cells to an EC-SMC co-culture Was approximately twofold greater than that to an EC monoculture,and after adhering to endothelial cells,many THP-1 cells transmigrated into the layer of smooth muscle cells.Conclusion:The results suggest that the elevation of the LDL(cholesterol)level in blood provides a favorable condition for the development of intimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis by promoting the adhesion of monocytcs to the endothelium and their subsequent migration into subendothelial spaces.     

ADMA与动脉粥样硬化研究进展

动脉粥样硬化等多种心血管疾病,表现为血管内皮功能紊乱,并伴有非对称性二甲基精氨酸 （ADMA,内源性一氧化氮合酶抑制物）血浓度的升高,ADMA可能是一种重要的致动脉粥样硬化因子。 ADMA通过抑制一氧化氮合酶（NOS）、致炎与诱导氧化应激等机制影响内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞、单核细胞及血小板等多种细胞功能,从而促进动脉粥样硬化发生与发展。     

血管紧张素-(1-7)与动脉粥样硬化

血管紧张素-（1—7）是AngII的内源性拮抗因子，具有保护血管内皮细胞抗血管平滑肌细胞增殖与迁移等作用，从而发挥抗动脉粥样硬化效应。探讨血管紧张素-（1—7）的生理功能及其在抗动脉粥样硬化中的作用，有助于进一步揭示ACEI及ATl受体阻断剂的抗动脉粥样硬化机制，并有可能为防治动脉粥样硬化等疾病提供新的有效思路。     

他汀类药物的调脂外作用

他汀类药物是一类主要降低血脂的药物,临床已广泛应用于多种心血管疾病的治疗。近期研究发现其除具有调节血脂作用外,还有较为重要的调脂外作用,如抗氧化作用,保护血管内皮细胞,抑制平滑肌细胞的增殖和迁移等,为进一步扩大他汀类药物的临床应用提供了理论和实践依据。     

血管内膜增生的机制研究进展

血管内膜增生是动脉粥样硬化和血管成形术后再狭窄等心血管疾病共同的生理特征,与血管重塑关系密切,防止内膜增生及术后再狭窄一直是国内外研究的重要课题。为从不同水平研究血管内膜增生发病的机制,给临床针对病因治疗提供依据,本文将从内皮损伤与功能障碍、脂质沉积、炎症反应、血管平滑肌细胞向内膜迁移、增殖及合成大量细胞外基质、基因改变等多种机制的研究方向,总结近些年来的研究成果,同时指出未来将在基因水平（如IGF-1 mRNA）、细胞生物学水平（如VSMC）及分子生物学水平（如内皮抑素、CRP）等各种研究方面有望成为新的研究突破点。     

Effects of atorvastatin on vascular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats

INTRODUCTIONHypertensionisalwaysaccompaniedbyin creasesinarterywallthickness,mainlycausedbyproliferation ,hypertrophy ,migrationandap optosisofvascularsmoothmusclecells(VSMC) ,andelevatedcontentofconnectivetissue .Thesestructuralchangesinbloodvesselsarekn…     

绝缘修饰层及其厚度对喷墨打印OTFT的影响

通过在底栅顶接触的喷墨打印有机薄膜晶体管的SiO2表面采用原子层沉积方式制备薄层的Al2O3修饰层,并与未修饰前进行比较,发现有源层在ALD-Al2O3修饰后的SiO2表面接触角大大变小,且喷墨打印的有源层线条变粗。而随着ALD-Al2O3修饰层厚度的增加,SiO2表面粗糙度变大。通过测试其电学性能,发现ALD- Al2O3修饰层厚度为1 nm时,OTFT的性能最好,与未修饰前相比,其迁移率提高了近8倍,而开关比提高约4个数量级。     

2q锗纳米材料制备中产量与水层的关系研究

研究激光烧蚀水面下的块体锗靶.研究结果表明,激光烧蚀锗的产量(烧蚀率)随锗基板表面水层厚度变化而变化.对单个激光脉冲为60 mJ能量时,烧蚀出的锗溶液浓度在水层为1.2 mm时最高.它揭示在水约束条件下存在一个最优水层厚度,诱导出的等离子体具有最强的冲击力,这种高压、高温等离子体导致最高的烧蚀率.对各水层厚度下烧蚀的锗颗粒粒径做了分析,得到锗纳米粒径随水层厚度增加而单调减少.XRD表明立方单晶锗经激光烧蚀后成为面心立方多晶锗,且含有亚稳相GeO.     

黄雀十二指肠中SP神经元的分布

P物质(SP)神经元为一种神经肽，能促进平滑肌收缩和降低血压[1]，以黄雀为实验材料，用免疫组织化学ABC方法，观察P物质在十二指肠的分布，结果表明在粘膜层和粘膜下层存在SP能神经元。     

铝型材拉弯成形数值模拟及工艺优化

针对汽车行李架铝型材拉弯成型问题,运用ABAQUS 有限元分析软件,建立型材拉弯成形过程的有限元模型,通过对A6043 铝型材结构件进行拉弯成形正交数值试验,研究预拉量、包覆拉伸量、补拉量和摩擦系数等拉弯成形关键工艺参数对型材回弹量的影响规律,结果表明:在一定拉伸范围内,回弹量随预拉量、包覆拉伸量、补拉量的增大而减少,随摩擦系数的增大先减小后增大?工艺参数中包覆拉伸量对回弹结果的影响最大,达到3%,回弹量趋于稳定?当预拉量为1%、包覆拉伸量为3%、补拉量为1%、摩擦系数为0.1 的工艺参数下,不规则铝型材汽车行李架拉弯成形后的回弹量最小。     

男子古典式摔跤运动员膝关节肌力特征研究

采用文献资料法、专家访谈法以及等速肌力测试法,对不同水平的古典式摔跤运动员膝关节最大力量、快速力量、力量耐力及平均峰力矩等指标进行对比分析.结果发现:所选取一级运动员在膝关节伸、屈肌群最大力量、快速力量及力量耐力上均优于二级运动员;古典式摔跤运动员膝关节屈、伸肌群平均峰力矩之比均随速度加快而增大,且膝关节屈肌力量增长幅度高于其他项目运动员.建议在今后训练中应注重结合专项技术动作发展膝关节的快速蹬伸能力,努力提高膝关节伸、屈肌群的最大力量、快速力量及力量耐力水平,并注意膝关节伸、屈肌群力量的均衡发展.     

Effects of atorvastatin on vascular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Objective: To investigate the structural changes of aorta, and evaluate the effects of atorvastatin on the remodeling of thoracic aorta in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods: Twelve eight-week-old SHR were randomized into atorvastatin treated group (ATV group,n=6) and distilled water group (DW group,n=6); Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were used as normal controls. Atorvastatin was administered to ATV group for 10 weeks by gavage in mixture with distilled water(1 ml); the latter two groups were given the same amount of distilled water by gavage for 10 weeks. Systolic blood pressure of caudal artery was examined before and after treatment, and serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-C were measured. Wall thickness, media thickness, medial cross-sectional area and lumen diameter of thoracic aorta were assessed with computed video processing. Results: Systolic blood pressure in ATV group was markedly lower than that in DW group (P<0.01). Compared with DW group and WKY group, serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-C in ATV group were significantly lower (P<0.01,P<0.05). Wall thickness, media thickness, and medial cross-sectional area to lumen ratio in DW group were significantly higher than those in WKY group and ATV group (P<0.01,P<0.05), but no such difference was found between WKY group and ATV group (P>0.05). Conclusion: Vascular structural changes of aorta are due to the alteration of the vessel wall in early stage of SHR. Atorvastatin can markedly improve vascular remodeling.     

激光打孔中孔洞状况与水层厚度的关系研究

研究在液体环境下脉冲激光打孔中孔洞质量与水层厚度的关系.实验结果表明:液体环境下脉冲激光打孔速率存在一个最佳水层,且该水层下孔洞内部较为光滑,喷溅出的纳米颗粒较为均匀;无论何水层下的孔洞形状均为锥体状,是激光打孔机要解决的主要难题.     

不同年龄大鼠子宫平滑肌钙调神经磷酸酶活性变化

目的:探讨子宫平滑肌组织钙调神经磷酸酶(CaN)活性与年龄的关系.方法:应用酶学测定方法,测定了42例大鼠子宫平滑肌组织中CaN的活性.结果:(1)6周、8周、10周和12周大鼠之间子宫平滑肌CaN活性有显著差异(P＜0.01);(2)16周、20周和24周大鼠之间子宫平滑肌CaN活性无显著差异(P＞0.05);(3)6周、8周、10周和12周分别与16周、20周、和24周大鼠之间子宫平滑肌CaN活性有显著差异(P＜0.01).结论:正常雌性大鼠子宫平滑肌组织CaN的活性随年龄增长逐渐增加,到16周后稳定在较高水平.     

儿童少年血压与身体测量指标的相关分析

目的：探讨儿童少年血压与某些身体测量指标的相关性,为血压影响因素的探讨提供多方面依据．方法：采集1604名10-15岁赣州市男女学生的血压与身高、体重：皮下脂肪、血红蛋白等测量指标进行相关分析和比较分析．结果：血压值与体重的相关系数最大,与皮褶厚度（皮下脂肪）及身高的关系次之,与血红蛋白的关系不大．同年龄组体重≥90百分位儿童少年的血压值明显较10～90百分位间者高．结论：身高高者、体重重者,其血压也相应较高,其中舒张压与身高、体重、皮脂厚度的关系不如收缩压明显．建议在制定血压体检标准时,应考虑身高、体重等因素并对体重较重（〉90百分位）、血压较高（〉95百分位）的儿童少年加强医学观察,以及早发现和预防高血压的发生．