论介词短语的句法语义属性

介词短语是使用频率很高的一类短语。学们也对介词短语做了许多研究。本主要讨论三个问题：一是介词的辖域，对介词的辖域理解不同，会直接影响到句子分析的正确性；二是介词短语的句法功能，对目前语法学界的几种观点作了评述，提出了有限功能说；三是在人们研究的基础上，借鉴格语法理论，对介词短语的语义功能作了分类研究。     

论英汉介词与介词短语的异同

英汉介词与介词短语有相似之处：介词在句法中都起定位、粘着作用;介词短语的主要句法功能都是用作状语。不同之处是：在句法结构方面,英语介词与介词短语的句法特征说明英语语法以形统意;汉语介词与介词短语的句法特征说明汉语语法以意治形。在句法功能方面,英语介词短语的语序不影响句子的语意;汉语介词短语的语序决定句子的语意。英汉表示时间与地点的介词短语的语序反映了两个民族认知方式的差异。     

含材料成分的不同句法格式及其变换分析

"用"引导的介词短语是含材料成分的典型的句法格式。但在具体的句子里,介词短语的具体位置是有变化的,这就形成了不同的句法格式。格式不同,语义就不同,对句中各成分的要求也不同。     

汉语中的框式结构

现代汉语框式结构的特点表现在动词上则为框式动词,框式动词在句法上和语义上都有明显的特点。在句法上,框式动词不能分配宾格,从而造成了其原有宾语移位,以求获得格;语义上,框式动词则带有明显的话题化色彩。框式动词理论的提出有许多优点：首先,介词同动词结合,构成框式动词,简化了以介词短语为基础的被动处理程序,这样,就保证了介词短语的位置,减少论证的麻烦;其次,框式动词结构理论明确了框式内的成分不能控制大代语PRO,简化了控制理论,减少了歧义。框式动词也引发了一些语言学理论上的问题,如现代汉语类型难以确定等。     

双介词短语的句法功能及相互关系

双介词短语在句子中的位置比较灵活,句法功能也很复杂,可以充当定语、状语、补语、宾语,充当的句子成分可以相同,也可以不相同.当两个介词不同时,双介词短语之间基本上不发生直接的关系;当介词相同时,双介词短语之间存在着并列关系、递进关系以及从属关系.     

语用信息在句子和名词短语层面的句法化

语用信息在句子和名词短语层面的句法化问题,属于句法和语用的接口问题,语用信息会在句法层面经由句法化后得到体现.讨论的重点在句子的功能层(CP)和名词短语的功能层(DP),认为以此为界,句子结构和名词短语的结构各自分别存在论元（语义）层和语用层两个层次,居于结构上层的语用层即是语用信息在句法层面句法化的结果.     

涵事介词短语的生成及其构句机制

根据介词的不同,涵事介词短语蕴含句可分为涵事＂把＂字句和＂用＂字句两种类型。前者由涵事宾语整体前移或分裂前移而生成,后者则只能由涵事宾语整体前移而生成。这两种涵事介词短语蕴含句,由于标记涵事的介词不同,其述谓成分、谓核动词的句法与语义特征以及主宾语的语义类别都存在着差异;涵事介词短语与其他句法成分在句法、语义上的相互选择与匹配,都有其自身的特点,存在着不同的构句机制。     

古汉语中的介词短语

介词短语也称作介宾短语,是现代汉语和古代汉语中都常见的一种短语。但是,古汉语中的介词短语与现代汉语中的介词短语有些不同之处。现简述如下,就教于方家。一、古汉语中的介词短语与现代汉语中的介词短语在句子中所处的位置有些不同。例如:     

从历史比较角度看皖北中原官话的介词——兼与普通话介词进行比较

汉语属于典型分析性语言,句子中各种句法成分缺乏必要的格形态标记,介词就成为标记句子中部分句法语义成分必要的外在形态。不同类型的语言,介词与它所介引间接题元的句法位置不尽相同。皖北中原官话介词和普通话介词一样都是在古代汉语介词、近代汉语介词基础上演变发展而来,因此在介词系统上同大于异,有很强的一致性,但也有一定差异。为了更全面认识皖北中原官话介词系统,探讨其类型学蕴含,需要追根溯源,了解汉语介词演变的历时轨迹,从历时共时角度进行比较,才能把汉语方言介词研究推向深入。     

略谈英语暗示否定的应用

本文扼要阐述暗示否定在词、短语、句子三个层次上的应用。在词这一层次,名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、代词皆可用来表示暗示否定;在短语方面,文章列举了表示含蓄否定的动词短语、形容词短语、介词短语等;在句子这一层面,间接表示否定的有虚拟语气、修辞性问句等手段。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.