教育基础设施建设与城乡教育公平——从推进农村小学生阅读说起

我国小学图书建设资源的分配一直是城镇偏向的,这造成了农村小学的图书建设情况远远滞后于城镇,在这方面的教育不公平客观存在。由于对于很多农村小学生而言,利用本校图书资源可能是他们接触课外图书的唯一途径,因此农村小学图书建设相对落后就会造成明显的即期影响——使得农村小学生只能获得有限的机会来接触课外图书,无法进行大量的课外阅读。而且,农村小学图书建设相对落后,还可能会对农村小学生产生更为关键的长期或间接影响：降低了未来的阅读兴趣;影响了未来的智力发展;影响了未来的竞争能力。有鉴于此,大力加强农村教育基础设施建设,推进农村小学生阅读活动的良性展开,刻不容缓。     

大学教职员工的工作压力研究

大学教职员工的压力源和工作压力反应两方面的指标,可以反映出高校教师和行政人员之间工作压力的差异。教职员工的主要压力源在于其工作的自主性不足,他们没有足够的工作自由度和独立性。这方面的限制不仅来源于其工作环境和体制,而且还来自于身边人员的压力。在压力源上,教师所感受到的工作局限性要比行政人员少一些,这可能与二者工作性质的不同有关。从工作压力反应方面来看,教职员工的总体工作稳定性还是比较高的,这也许与他们稳定的收入和良好的福利有关。但是高校教师的辞职意向还是要高于行政人员,这可能是因为学历的提升开阔了眼界,站在更高的层次上就会产生更多的欲求。     

英汉语词汇文化内涵异同及其对英语教学的启示

英汉语词汇在文化内涵上有同有异。由于人类的思维具有惯性,对英语中的一些对应词汇容易按照汉语的文化意义对号入座,望文生义,从而引起理解上的错误。因此在教学的过程中英语教师应有意识地引导学生认识这一现象,从而使他们能尽快在交际中正确理解和运用英语词汇。     

A review of the literature on Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder children: Peer interactions and collaborative learning

ADHD children may have social skill deficits in at least three main areas: social communication, poor emotional regulation, and social-cognitive biases. They also have cognitive difficulties which have implications for their learning. Based on a review of the literature, it is argued that maladaptive classroom peer interactions for ADHD children may disadvantage their learning on collaborative tasks. Although the literature is sparse in the area of peer interactions and collaborative learning for ADHD children, some suggestions for practice and future research are suggested. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Rater effects: Ego engagement in rater decision-making

The decision-making behaviors of 8 raters when scoring 39 persuasive and 39 narrative essays written by second language learners were examined, first using Rasch analysis and then, through think aloud protocols. Results based on Rasch analysis and think aloud protocols recorded by raters as they were scoring holistically and analytically suggested that rater background may have contributed to rater expectations that might explain individual differences in the application of the performance criteria of the rubrics when rating essays. The results further suggested that rater ego engagement with the text and/or author may have helped mitigate rater severity and that self-monitoring behaviors by raters may have had a similar mitigating effect.     

盐通式原电池的设计和应用

电化学实验中,原电池装置是影响实验效果的重要因素。为了进一步简化实验准备工作量,提高电化学实验效果,研制了盐通式原电池,阐述了盐通的功能和盐通式原电池的工作原理,并与盐桥式原电池进行了比较分析。盐通式原电池可应用于浓度、酸度对电极电位的影响;酸度对氧化还原反应方向的影响等实验。结果表明,盐通式原电池结构简单、使用方便、宜于保存,内阻低、功率高、电流平稳,实验效果好。盐通不但完全能够取代传统盐桥,而且性能大大优于盐桥。盐通式原电池是一种新的原电池,经过文献检索,国内外目前尚无同类装置,属于一种实用新型电化学实验装置。     

Adult education and the future of work

This paper puts forward the proposition that in times of fiscal stringency adult educators have relied on two basic responses: either align programs to suit current political imperatives or bring pressure to bear to maintain the status quo. However, neither of these may be adequate to cope with what now appears to be a more fundamental change in our economy resulting in permanently high unemployment and the increasing importance of work in the informal economy. These two factors emphasise the difficulty of continuing to accept the current work‐leisure dichotomy that underlies much of our thinking and presage a dramatic change in the ways some people may have to gain their livelihood. Adult educators have had a significant role to play in individual and community economies but this is largely unrecognised due to the fact that adult education practitioners have tended to justify their work on quality‐of‐life or numbers grounds. Such justifications may no longer be adequate. If adult educators wish to maintain their programs in hard financial times they certainly have the capacity to do so but they will have to rethink their rationale, reject outmoded beliefs and patterns and justify their work through the outcomes of their programs and not just the outputs.     

现代脑科学研究及其对教学设计的启示

现代脑科学的许多研究成果,对教学设计具有重要的启示。首先给出了现代脑科学关于脑的两半球在功能上分工协作、脑功能发展存在关键期、脑功能发展受环境影响、脑具有多元智能结构、脑的认知过程受情绪的影响、脑具有四种不同类型的脑电波等的研究成果,然后在此基础上,逐个论述它们对教学设计的重要启示。     

A Preliminary Investigation into the Adaptive Learning Styles of Business Students

An exploration of the preferred learning styles for over 1,100 business students has yielded an intriguing result. While many previous studies have examined the learning styles in different majors at different universities, these studies have been focused on describing the typical student for that major. This study demonstrates that the preferred learning styles of students may depend more on the course than the major, indicating that students may have adaptive learning styles. Rather than having an innate, consistent preferred learning style, business students adapt their preferred learning style to the subject of the course. Further research is necessary to confirm these exploratory findings.     

Bilingualism and symbolic abstraction: Implications for algebra learning

Much of the research on bilingualism and math learning focuses on the potential challenges that bilinguals and language learners may face. The current line of research took an alternative approach and explored whether a bilingual advantage may emerge for a novel algebraic problem solving task that requires symbolic thought, the Symbol Math task. No differences were seen between bilingual and monolingual samples on basic math or executive control tasks; however, a bilingual advantage was seen in performance on the Symbol Math task across two experiments. The results suggest that bilingualism may improve the ability to engage in more abstract or symbolic thought processes, which may have important implications for algebra learning.