The role of selection based on academic criteria in the recruitment process at an Indonesian government university

The purpose of this study is to examine the process of the recruitment of students into a high-status Indonesian university, and to examine its effect upon the social composition of the student group, the utilization of talent, and its association with the incidence of disappointment for unsuccessful candidates.It is suggested that the activity of selection, by which candidates available for recruitment are differentiated, may serve to discriminate between candidates on non-academic as well as academic criteria, to underutilize available talent, and to give rise to feelings of disappointment which could become focused on the institution. The suggestion is examined by comparison of successful and unsuccessful candidates.The steps of the recruitment process which precede selection, are found to favor candidates who are unrepresentative of the society in several respects. The selection process itself is found not to differentiate between successful and unsuccessful candidates on cultural characteristics, but to differentiate on age, sex, and schooling backgrounds. The selection system is based on limited access as circumscribed by prior schooling, and provides for an inefficient utilization of talented candidates. Some of the consequences of the application of the quota system for the selection of faculty enrollments accord with national manpower priorities but others do not. Though a high level of incidence of disppointment ensues from selection, most candidates attribute lack of success to qualities of the candidate, and unsuccessful candidates tend less, rather than more, to explain their failure by reference to the institution.     

Global inequality in the academic system: effects of national and university symbolic capital on international academic mobility

The global academic system is hierarchically structured between a center, a semi-periphery and a periphery. We analyze to what extent the position of a country and a university within this hierarchy of scientific reputation shapes doctoral students’ chances of international mobility. We conducted an exploratory experimental study using fake applications of international doctoral students sent to German sociology professors, who were asked to serve as supervisors during a planned research visit. Our fake applicants come from the core and periphery of the global academic system: Yale, Pennsylvania State University, National University Singapore, and Vietnam National University Hanoi. The results show that applicants from both US institutions get more positive and more personal feedback than the other applicants. This points to the importance of national scientific reputation. Moreover, we can show that universities’ symbolic capital seems to be more important than the quality of a department.     

日本大学教师发展脉络及给我国民族高校教师发展的启示

日本大学教师发展在世界教师发展历程中占有重要地位,成就卓著。纵观其发展的历史进程,分析其发展特点,总结日本教师发展的经验,能够为西藏高校教师发展提供借鉴、启示。     

Academic accountability and university adaptation: The architecture of an academic learning organization

Over the last decade universities have been subjected to various forms of academic accountability designed to maintain or improve the quality of their teaching and learning. A shared perspective of many of these accountability processes is that universities should become skilled at creating knowledge for the improvement of teaching and learning, and at modifying their behavior to reflect this new knowledge. In short, that universities should become “learning organizations.” What are the organizational characteristics of an academic learning organization? The paper will address this question by reviewing the adaptations in organizational structure and governance reported by universities attempting to improve the quality of their teaching and learning processes.     

The manager of academic outreach: A role of consequence to university survival and growth

University managers of academic outreach need more than commitment, experience, and administrative ability to ensure effective delivery of outreach programming and services. They also need outstanding skills in communication, persuasion, and negotiation to win and maintain active faculty/administrator support for outreach activities. Failure to generate such support will make it impossible for outreach managers to deliver effectively and consistently on the promise and implications of the outreach concept.     

The robed baron: The academic profession in the Italian university

The Italian academic profession is subject to complex bureaucratic structures and many strains as the result of rapid academic expansion but very limited resources. The ladder up the academic profession is both complicated and very difficult. Norms of professionalism are in conflict with the traditional patron system. This paper analyzes the current situation of the academic profession in Italian universities, and stresses a discussion of the career ladder and how it works in the academic system.Data for this paper have been collected as part of a research grant no. 73.00982.09 from the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche.     

翻转课堂教学模式下高校教师角色转换及其实现路径

翻转课堂作为新兴的教育理念及教学模式,为教师提供了个性化教学平台。这就要求教师合理转换角色,成为教学视频的设计者和研发者,成为学习活动的指导者、组织者和参与者,成为与时俱进的学者。这一系列的角色转换需要通过教师转变教育观念、提升自己信息技术素养、终身学习、师生之间平等对话等途径来实现。     

The effects of faculty behaviors on the academic achievement of first-year Cambodian urban university students

Research on the faculty impact on students’ academic achievement has been disproportionately confined to the context of countries with developed higher education systems. Few studies have been undertaken in the developing world like Cambodia. This study employed hierarchical linear modeling to examine the relationships between faculty behaviors and the academic achievement of university students in Cambodia, using the data of 923 first-year students from nine universities in Phnom Penh City. Results indicated that faculty behavior, namely their support and feedback to students, was a unique factor that had a strong and positive influence on students’ academic achievement. Its effect was the same for all students regardless of their pre-university academic experience and geographical origin and partially moderated by student engagement in time spent on course-related tasks outside the classroom, assigned homework/tasks, class participation, and class preparation. Contrary to existing findings from faculty impact studies, no relation was found for faculty’s instructional organization and clarity or classroom practices that challenge students on academic achievement. Practical implications for assessment policies and instructional practices are discussed.     

自主学习模式下大学英语教师角色的探讨

在自主学习教学模式下,大学英语教师的角色也随之发生了变化。教师在教学中更多地担当起帮助者、促进者、组织者和监控者、学生情感的协调者、学生学习的评价者及终身学习者和研究者等角色,从而适应大学英语教学改革。     

困境与压力:大学教师的艰难选择

大学处在改革的前沿阵地,大学教师无可逃脱地面对着由此而来的重重压力,而社会似乎忘记了他们所承载的压力.本文指出,大学教师承受的压力不仅是客观存在的种种向题,更深层次的压力来源于一种艰难的抉择,来源于一种困境感与无助感.     

Evaluation of university instructors in the United States: The context

This paper provides an overview of the context within which the teaching function in U.S. universities is carried out. It includes a conceptual scheme for the evaluation of instruction and suggests ways of analyzing evaluation in terms of (a) those components of the scheme which pertain to the instructor and his institutional context, and of (b) those which pertain to the institution and its societal context. The paper ends with advice for university administrators wishing to devise and implement evaluation for instructional improvement.Currently on leave as Visiting Senior Researcher, Ministry of Education, Jerusalem, Israel.     

The influence of achievement goals and social goals on help-seeking from peers in an academic context

The influence of achievement goals and social goals on help-seeking from peers in an academic context was examined in two studies. A total of 551 high school students participated in the two studies. The results across the studies demonstrated strong convergence, revealing that mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, and friendship-approach goals were positive predictors of instrumental help-seeking, whereas performance-avoidance and friendship-avoidance goals were negative predictors. Study 2 additionally demonstrated that attitudes toward help-seeking mediate the influence of achievement and social goals on instrumental help-seeking. These results add to the body of work investigating achievement and social motivation together to more fully understand motivational influences on academic outcomes.     

我国大学学术权力重构的若干问题研究

学术权力与行政权力的重新分配在高等教育适应市场与社会、引导市场与社会发展的历史进程中显得尤为重要,必须对大学学术权力进行重构,对学术权力进行适度张扬。学术权力重构要遵循合法性与规范性原则、科学性与发展性原则以及民主性与自由性原则;要从观念、组织建设、权力结构模式、行政权力退出机制等方面进行必要创新。     

Social comparison and cognitive performance: A descriptive approach in an academic context

Eighty pupils of different academic levels (i.e. strong vs weak) were asked to make estimations about the different subjects taught at school. Gathered post-experimentally, the data allow specification of the relation to intelligence in which each school subject stands for the two different types of subjects. Evaluations of the significations accorded to performances in the different disciplines were also obtained. In accordance with expectations, analysis of these estimations reveals that pupils in a failure situation have an “original” conception of the field of academic comparison. However, the data obtained show that this originality (i.e. this social differentiation) stays within the dominant value system which sets the confines of the field of academic comparison. Taken in conjunction with more experimental results reported elsewhere, these estimations suggest that the cognitive attitude adopted by subjects towards an object of knowledge (here academic) can, in certain conditions, be formed independently of the social significations associated with this object but not independently of the nature of the social insertion which subjects undergo at the time of this interaction.     

Managing university culture: an analysis of the relationship between institutional culture and management approaches

Universities are complex social organizations with distinctive cultures. On the one hand, academic freedom and autonomy are inviolable values and, on the other hand, changing environmental conditions exert strong influence on the primary functions of universities. This paper analyzes the ability of university cultures to adapt to these changes and describes management approaches that mirror the specific culture of a university. Various methods for assessing culture are described, a typology for interpreting university culture is introduced, and management approaches are analyzed. For administrators as well as researchers this work helps to explain the implications of university culture for management processes. This integration steers university leadership in a new direction combining strategic and symbolic management actions.